CdS／TiO2光催化去除水体中氨氮的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同比率的CdS掺杂TiO2复合纳米颗粒催化剂，并用其进行了紫外光、日光灯和太阳光全波长光催化去除水中氨氮和其它形式无机氮的对比实验研究．考察了添加催化剂的量、CdS复合比率、有氧化态氮亚硝酸根或硝酸根与氨氮共存时光催化脱氮的耦合效果、外加光源等对脱除氨氮效率的影响，并研究了后3个因素对CdS光腐蚀程度的影响．对于氨氮初始质量浓度为50mg／L的模拟废水，在通空气搅拌条件下，n（CAS）：n／（TiO2）=0．17的CdS／TiO2催化剂脱氮效果最佳，此时经紫外光照2h后脱除氨氮效率达41．5％．实验结果表明：复合催化剂中CdS的含量是影响光催化活性和光腐蚀程度的重要因素．     

TiO2／ACF的制备及光催化降解四氯乙烯性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物，活性炭纤维（ACF）为载体，蔗糖为胶粘剂，采用真空吸附水解的方法制得了TiO2／ACF催化剂．采用BET、XRD、SEM等手段对其物理化学特性进行表征，以四氯乙烯光降解反应为探针反应，考察了TiO2／ACF催化剂的光催化降解性能、实验结果表明，采用真空吸附水解法可以将TiO2很好地负载到活性炭纤维表面上、通过优化条件制备的TiO2／ACF催化剂在光照2h条件下，可以将水中溶解量的四氯乙烯降解90％以上．催化剂可以多次循环使用，光催化反应活性不变．     

纳米TiO2／ACF净化材料的制备及影响因素研究

以活性炭纤维（ACF）为载体,纳米TiO2为催化剂,用浸渍法制备了TiO2／ACF净化材料。以甲苯为模拟污染物,研究浸渍时间和负载量对其光催化活性的影响。结果发现：浸渍时间和负载量对TiO2／ACF净化材料的光催化性能有一定的影响,1h为最佳浸渍时间,1．0mg／mL为浸渍液中TiO2的最佳浓度。     

金属离子掺杂二氧化钛及水体光催化脱氮研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂Ce^3＋、La^3＋、Ag^＋、Fe^3＋的TiO2光催化剂，以考察其薄膜和粉体形式对水中无机氮的光催化去除效果和活性．用所制备的催化剂对含氨氮-亚硝酸氮的混合液进行了光催化脱氮研究．本文利用UV—Vis吸收光谱、XRD和TEM对催化剂进行了表征．同时，对影响TiO2光催化效率的因素：如掺杂金属离子的种类、浓度、涂膜层数、反应液中有无Fe^2＋、不锈钢和玻璃载体、反应器的构型等进行了探讨，并对今后的研究进行展望．经过2h紫外光照射反应，实验最佳脱氮效果：金属离子掺杂TiO2薄膜型催化剂总氮去除率在30％左右，金属离子掺杂粉末型催化剂光催化最高总氮去除率可达41．7％．     

Li^＋掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了Li^＋掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂，并用XRD和TEM等技术进行了表征；用pH值漂移法测量了催化剂的零电位pH值（pHPZC）．结果表明，500℃煅烧制得的催化剂均为锐钛矿相；Li^＋的掺杂抑制了TiO2，粒子的生长，提高了催化剂的分散性；催化剂的零电位pH值为6．6—8．1，其值取决于Li^＋的浓度和掺杂方式．分别以紫外光和太阳光为光源，孔雀石绿和甲基橙为降解物评价了催化剂的光催化活性；并用气相色谱测试了污染物降解产生的CO2的含量．结果显示，对孔雀石绿的降解，浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法掺Li^＋都能有效提高TiO2的光催化活性，但浸渍法比溶胶-凝胶法效果更好，催化活性最高的为浸渍法制备的5％（摩尔分数）Li^＋掺杂TiO2，其在紫外光和太阳光下的光催化活性分别比纯TiO2提高了6—8倍和9-10倍；对甲基橙的降解，除溶胶-凝胶法制备的3％（摩尔分数）Li^＋掺杂TiO2能稍提高光催化活性外，其它Li＇的掺杂都不同程度降低了TiO2的光催化活性；随污染物降解率的增加，最终降解产物CO2的含量增加．实验结果表明，Li^＋掺杂改变了催化剂表面的电荷状态从而改变了催化剂的零电位pH值是造成催化剂降解不同污染物具有不同催化活性的主要原因．     

Graphene、CNTs协同TiO2/ACF光催化净化甲醛研究

采用浸渍和喷涂法制备了TiO2/ACF、CNTs/TiO2/ACF和Graphene/TiO2/ACF光催化复合材料。以甲醛为目标化合物在光催化反应器中,254nm紫外灯作光源,光强20W,甲醛初始浓度2.41mg.L-1条件下,研究了甲醛在TiO2/ACF、CNTs/TiO2/ACF和Graphene/TiO2/ACF光催化复合材料上的吸附-光催化净化行为。初步结果表明复合光催化剂活性高低顺序为:Graphene/TiO2/ACF>CNTs/TiO2/ACF>TiO2/ACF。     

Fe-TiO2纳米微粒的制备及光催化性能试验研究

光催化技术是从20世纪70年代逐步发展起来的一门新兴环保技术，TiO2光催化更是热门的研究课题。介绍了以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe-TiO2纳米光催化剂的方法，并用纯TiO2和Fe-TiO2做光催化荆，对甲基橙溶液在紫外光下进行光催化降解试验。结果表明：掺杂铁离子可以有效提高TiO2的光催化活性，选用m（Fe／TiO2）为0．05％、500℃下煅烧得到的Fe-TiO2催化剂．在甲募橙溶液pH值为3、催化剂用量为1g／L时．其光催化活性达到最佳效果．     

掺铁TiO2催化剂的制备及其光催化降解苯酚性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺铁TiO2（Fe—TiO2）,用XRD,DRS,SEM等方法对其进行了表征铁离子抑制TiO2晶粒的生长,使TiO2纳米品的粒径变小。以Fe—TiO2为催化剂,分别以紫外灯和太阳光为光源光催化降解苯酚。研究表明,Fe—TiO2对苯酚光催化降解效率随Fe掺杂量的增加而提高。当Fe掺杂量达到01wt％时,Fe-Ti02舢V和Fe—TiO2／太阳光催化降解苯酚效率分别达到85.8％和70．9％。     

纳米TiO2薄膜耦合光催化氧化还原反应脱除水中无机氮

由溶胶-凝胶法制备了固定化二氧化钛薄膜，研究了薄膜催化剂光催化脱除含氨氮-亚硝酸氮混合液中无机氮的活性。考察了溶胶制备工艺、催化反应条件（尤其pH）对光催化活性的影响。实验证明：酸性条件有利于亚硝酸氮的还原，碱性条件有利于氨氮的氧化，通过调节pH可以获得光催化氧化氨氮和还原亚硝酸氮耦合效果。如果加入甲酸维持酸性条件，反应0．5h后再将pH调回碱性，可以大大提高光催化脱氮的效果：经过2h的光催化反应，二氧化钛膜催化总氮去除率可达50％以上。经多次试验证明附载二氧化钛薄膜不脱落，光催化活性未见减弱，可重复利用。提出了光催化脱氮的反应机理。     

Ag／TiO2光催化氧化还原反应脱除水体中无机氮

采用光催化还原法制备了高活性的载银二氧化钛光催化剂，并用XRF、TEM、XRD及XPS、UV-Vis方法对催化剂进行了表征．考察了负载舨的含量、催化剂制备时间、搅拌气体的种类以及Fe^2＋的添加等条件对该催化剂光催化水体脱氮活性的影响．结果表明：载银量1．0％时去除效果最佳；制备催化剂时光照时间不充分会使催化剂失去还原效力；氮气保护下催化剂反应活性更高；Fe^2＋的加入利于光催化反应；2h光催化含氨氮和亚硝基氮的水样。总脱氮率达到了63．9％．     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。