石蜡市场和石蜡产品的转化

分析了国内外石蜡生产趋势、市场供销情况,预计石蜡市场将持续过饱和状况。提出石蜡产品在质量和品种方面要上档次多样化,根据市场需求组织生产高熔点混晶蜡及特种蜡紧俏产品。介绍了石蜡馏分油的延伸加工,采用异构脱蜡及蜡裂解等工艺生产高粘度润滑油及化工产品。     

依靠技术进步 精细炼油 油化结合 用好石蜡基原油资源

针对大庆及沈北原油性质特点，结合抚顺石化分公司现状，通过技术进步、精细炼油，油化结合，实现大庆及沈北石蜡基原油深加工和最优化利用。介绍了大庆及沈北原油中石脑油、煤油、减压馏分油、减压渣油馏分加工方案，对石蜡、润滑油基础油、表面活性剂及乙烯化工的进一步发展提出设想。     

润滑油添加剂的合成原料处理和制备

摘要以某石蜡基减三线馏分油为原料，分别经酮苯脱蜡、糠醛精制、磺化、抽提工艺处理得到合成润滑油添加剂所需的磺酸钠原料。其活性物的质量分数分别为48．04％、28．03％和35．23％。将3种不同的磺酸钠经复分解、中和反应和碳酸化反应，得到高碱值磺酸钙润滑油添加剂，同时对制备的高碱值磺酸钙的性质进行了对比分析，以酮苯脱腊油、糠醛抽出油制备的产品，收率减少5％～10％，二氧化碳的利用率降低2％～6％。以糖后油为原料进行润滑油添加剂制备效果为佳。     

减五线生产高熔点微晶蜡技术方案

本文简要介绍了利用减五线馏分油制取高熔点微晶蜡的技术改造方案。对酮苯脱蜡脱油装置生产中的操作调整、存在问题及以后的加工工艺提出了建议。     

安哥拉帕兰卡原油的评价及加工方案探讨

本文对安哥拉的帕兰卡原油及其各馏分油的性质进行了评价和研究，并根据广石化厂的实际情况，就该原油的加工方案提出了建议。     

常二线和减三线馏分油综合加工的可行性研究

以中海油环烷基常二线和减三线馏分油及其混合油作为原料,通过高压加氢处理、糠醛精制组合工艺制备变压器油和环保橡胶油。结果表明,常二线馏分油单独进料,通过单段高压加氢处理工艺可得到满足GB 2536—2011的变压器油。减三线馏分油单独进料,通过单段高压加氢处理工艺可直接生产CA为10%的环保橡胶油。2种馏分油混合进料,通过高压加氢处理和糠醛精制组合工艺可生产CA超过25%的高芳环保橡胶油,生产的变压器油CA较高,与深度精制石蜡基变压器油调和可得到满足GB 2536—2011的变压器油。2种馏分油混合进料可避免因原料切换产生过渡油,充分释放加工能力,提高装置利用率。     

九江石化基于HontyeIRAS系统的全流程优化应用

介绍了采用Hontye IRAS系统对原(料)油进行智能快速分析以及在生产过程和全流程优化中的应用。Hontye IRAS系统可智能快速分析原油、柴油加氢原料、催化裂化原料和加氢裂化原料,并自动生成包含馏分油性质的原油简评和详评报告,制定原油加工方案及预测装置产品收率等。系统进行智能快速分析及时性强、准确性高、可靠性好、应用效果佳,为企业优化生产、降本增效提供有力支撑。     

糠醛白土法精制25号变压器油工艺研究

介绍了2种不同酸值的新疆减一线馏分油为原料，使用糠醛白土精制法制备25号变压器油的研究结果，考察了温度，剂油比，萃取段数等因素对糠醛精制的影响。通过糠醛白土精制工艺和酸碱白土精制工艺的对比和经济效益预测，证实了糠醛白土精制工艺的优越性。     

六种国外原油品质评价与加工方案可行性浅析

将来自不同国家和地区的六种国外原油分别进行实沸点蒸馏。对这些原油的一般性质、直馏产品收率、各馏分油的性质进行了对比与分析，以及原油加工方案的可行性进行了初步探讨，为优化加工方案提供参考。     

酮苯脱蜡技术工业生产现状及改进措施

石蜡是由原油蒸馏所得到的润滑油馏分油,经过溶剂精制、溶剂脱蜡等过程得到的石油加工产品。石蜡在食品、药品、包装材料、电器元件、航空、航天等各个领域都有广泛应用。国内石蜡生产厂家主要集中在中国石油集团和中国石化两家公司,随着石油开采时间的增加,高含蜡原油产量出现不同程度的减产,石蜡生产装置逐渐减少。介绍了某厂酮苯脱蜡装置的生产现状及近几年的生产运行情况,总结出装置优化生产的措施。     

原油流动改进剂DODE-5的应用

吉林油田部分油井采出液胶质、沥青质含量高,平均洗井周期仅为20 d,严重影响油井的正常生产。2009年4月投加DODE-5型原油流动改进剂起到了良好的降粘防蜡作用。介绍了间歇加药方式加药量与加药周期的确定方法,并从延长洗井周期、降低管路能量损失、降低油井能耗3方面介绍了DODE-5型原油流动改进剂的现场应用效果。     

A fundamental wax deposition model for water‐in‐oil dispersed flows in subsea pipelines

Water‐in‐oil dispersions frequently form in subsea oil pipeline transportation and their presence affects the wax deposition rate in subsea pipelines. A fundamental model for wax deposition on the wall of water‐in‐oil dispersed phase flow pipelines has not been developed. Dispersed water droplets can affect the heat and mass transfer characteristics of wax deposition and alter the deposit growth rate. In this study, wax deposition from water‐in‐oil dispersed flows is comprehensively modeled using first principles of heat and mass transfer. The role of the dispersed water phase on the heat and mass transfer aspects of wax deposition is analyzed. The developed model predicts different effects of the water volume fraction and droplet size on the wax deposition rates in laboratory flow loop experiments and in field scale wax deposition processes. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4201–4213, 2017     

A fundamental model of wax deposition in subsea oil pipelines

Wax deposition in subsea pipelines is a significant economic issue in the petroleum industry. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the increase in both the deposit thickness and the wax fraction of the deposit using a fundamental analysis of the heat and mass transfer for laminar and turbulent flow conditions. It was found that the precipitation of wax in the oil is a competing phenomenon with deposition. Two existing approaches consider either no precipitation (the independent heat and mass transfer model) or instantaneous precipitation (the solubility model) and result in either an overprediction or an underprediction of deposit thickness. By accounting for the kinetics of wax precipitation of wax in the oil (the kinetic model), accurate predictions for wax deposition for both lab‐scale and pilot‐scale flow‐loop experiments with three different oils were achieved. Furthermore, this kinetic model for wax precipitation in the oil was used to compare field‐scale deposition predictions for different oils. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

某碎屑岩油藏油井蜡堵原因剖析及对策

对于多数油田,油井井筒内部出蜡严重影响油井正常生产,增加作业工序及成本,降低经济效益。通过对M油田油井出蜡状况分析,结合现场实践经验,确定了影响油井出蜡主要因素,包括原油组成、温度、地层压力、胶质组分降低以及其它杂质含量等,制定了"一扩、二小、三通、四组合、五清蜡"的处理方法,采取"一洗、二药、三连、四钻"的解堵措施,效果较好,处理成功率100%,可为其它油藏提供借鉴经验。     

蜡沉积物对现场管道运行影响研究

蜡沉积是流动保障关键问题之一,前人主要研究了温度、流速等因素对沉积物厚度的影响,而关于蜡沉积物进入原油后,对管道运行影响研究报道较少。通过现场测试储罐内原油和管输原油物性,研究了储罐蜡沉积物和管道蜡沉积物进入原油后,对管道运行的影响。研究表明:加热输送含有蜡沉积物的原油,导致原油凝点显著升高,给管道安全运行带来潜在风险,应慎用加热输送方式;升高输油温度,使管道内较松软的蜡沉积物融化,蜡沉积物厚度减小,但由于蜡沉积物进入原油,导致原油凝点升高。     

Wax deposition modeling of oil/gas stratified smooth pipe flow

Wax deposition modeling is complicated under oil/gas two‐phase pipe flow and therefore remains poorly understood. One‐dimensional empirical heat and mass transfer correlations are unreliably for deposition modeling in stratified flow, due to non‐uniform deposit across the pipe circumference. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the deposit thickness and the wax fraction of deposit in oil/gas stratified pipe flow using a unidirectional flow analysis of non‐isothermal hydrodynamics and heat/mass transfer. The predictions for wax deposition are found to compare satisfactorily with experimental data with three different oils for single phase and oil/gas stratified pipe flow. In particular, the reason that the deposit forming a crescent shape at the cross section of pipe observed in different experiments is revealed, based on the non‐uniform circumferential distributions of two most important parameters for the wax deposition, diffusivity at oil–deposit interface, and the solubility gradient at the oil–deposit interface at different time. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2550–2562, 2016     

Influence of ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate copolymers on the flow properties of wax synthetic systems

Wax crystallization can cause serious damage to petroleum flow because as the viscosity increases, there is organic deposition in the pipe lines, which causes oil production reduction. Ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) are used as an alternative to prevent such problems. The influence of EVA copolymers on the properties of wax synthetic systems, composed of a solvent mixture and paraffin and petroleum asphalt residue (PAR), was evaluated in this work. The performance of EVA as a wax inhibitor depends on the molecular weight and vinyl acetate content of the copolymer and on the presence of the asphalt fraction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1337–1348, 2002     

原油改性剂对原油防蜡与降凝性能的研究

大港滩海油田大多数油井原油的沥青质-胶质和蜡的含量都较高,在生产过程中存在方面的问题由于结蜡,产量不稳定,原油黏度大,用通常的采油技术工艺无法生产地层堵塞,产量逐渐下降,甚至变成死井。为解决这些问题,选择张海13-21L井进行原油改性防蜡剂的室内研究,并制定了现场试验方案,研究改性剂对原油的防蜡和降凝性能。     

直馏粗柴油制蜡工艺研究

以馏程１３０－４２８℃的直馏煤柴油馏分为原料,常压蒸馏得收率 约７５％的－１０＃轻柴油,其余部分直接溶剂脱油,白土精制可制得５２＃精白蜡,研究了工艺条件对蜡收率及质量的影响。     

加氢裂化尾油生产食品级白油技术

介绍了抚顺石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发的石蜡烃择形异构化(WSI)生产食品级白油研究结果,考察了不同原料、不同工艺过程生产食品级白油的产品性质,试验结果表明:FRIPP开发的石蜡烃择形异构化生产白油技术具有工艺流程灵活、原料适应性强、产品质量好等特点,可广泛应用于食品级白油的生产.