企业降低超量库存的策略研究

超量库存问题是制约我国企业发展的瓶颈之一。库存问题及企业供应链上各个环节，需要全面综合治理，本文从供应管理、生产管理、营销管理、经营决策管理、企业整体协调等五个方面系统研究了我国企业降低超量库存的策略与方法。     

中国企业供应链中供需协调策略应用调查分析

介绍对中国企业供应链管理中供需协调策略的应用情况所作的调查分析。按照供应链管理的四个核心业务流程,把供需协调策略分为四种：信息流协调策略、工作流协调策略、物资流协调策略和资金流协调策略。通过对中国企业的实际问卷结果,对中国企业在供需协调中四种协调策略的应用情况进行了分析,其中重点分析信息流与工作流协调策略的应用情况。归纳总结了我国企业供需协调的特点,为研究改进供需协调绩效的理论与方法提供了决策依据。     

面向服务型制造延迟策略实施对客户价值创造的影响

在我国制造业从生产型制造向服务型制造转型的背景下,以制造企业应对市场变化的能力塑造为驱动,构建了服务型制造、延迟策略、客户价值和企业绩效四者间关系的理论模型,通过理论分析形成研究假设.根据江苏省195份有效问卷,利用结构方程模型对假设进行了检验,得到了面向服务型制造的延迟策略实施对客户价值和企业绩效影响的内在关系.研究结果表明:为了有效应对企业外部的不确定风险,越来越多的制造企业实施延迟策略,并通过与服务型制造的不断融合,既创造了客户价值,又改善了企业绩效.     

浅谈汽车零部件采购管理的创新

在汽车供应链控制与管理中其零部件采购方面的控制是较为关键的组成部分,这个部分对于减小汽车生产企业控制生产成本有着十分关键的现实意义。本文首先分析现今汽车零部件采购存在的几个问题,然后探究在Supplychainmanagement（供应链管理）基础之上的汽车零部件采购管理的战略采购、协作采购、采购信息化方面的问题,并结合实际管理经验,提出优化汽车零部件采购管理的几点建议。     

电力工程项目管理创优中控制策略分析

电力工程管理工作由其自身性质所决定,而受到众多制约,例如资金的密集度、技术的密集度、资源的密集度以及交叉施工情况等。另外,工程的设计、设备的制造和材料的采购运输等众多外部因素也深刻影响着电力工程施工的管理。为了合理的计划、组织、协调、控制和管理好工程项目建设的各方面工作,文章结合我国电力工程优化管理的实践,针对不同的影响因素。进行分析探讨,最后提出了若干策略。     

基于协商和意愿强度的多自主移动机器人避碰协作

多机器人之间的协调协作是目前国际上机器人研究的一个重要问题。本文基于多机器人在未知环境中的避碰运动任务来探讨多机器人之间的协作策略,设计了机器人的基本行为,并在此基础上提出了意愿强度概念以对单机器人的几种行为进行合理的综合,为多机器人之间的协调协作提供一个相互协商的前提。仿真结果表明这种实时在线的协作策略是有效的。     

浅析企业标准化和质量管理

一、企业标准化与质量管理的关系 1．企业标准化的定义：企业标准化是企业在生产、经营、管理活动中,通过贯彻、引用有关标准和制定、发布、实施企业标准,达到统一,使企业获得最佳秩序和技术经济效益。它是一项涉及面较广的技术经济工作,它的活动贯穿到产品设计、工艺和工装的设计与制造、自制设备、原材料采购和供应、零部件的加工、产品检验和包装、产品销售和服务、生产组织和经营管理等方面。     

产品停产后服务备件供应链的决策分析与协调契约研究

以产品停产后服务备件供应中断问题为背景,研究了由产品制造商、备件供应商和后市场制造服务商构成的服务备件供应链决策问题和基于回购契约的协调机制。首先针对产品制造商采取末次订购和后市场应急采购策略的情形,构建Stackelberg博弈模型并分析均衡下各企业的最优决策,发现制造商在同时选择末次订购和应急采购时的期望利润低于仅选择末次订购的情形,因而不具有主动选择应急采购的意愿。随后探究了该供应链系统的协调问题,发现回购契约能实现供应链协调,且各企业利润均为回购价格的线性单调函数。通过数值试验进一步展示了实现各成员企业利润帕累托改进的契约组合,并分析了其受成本参数变化的影响。     

供应链运作风险影响供应链绩效的实证研究

从实证研究的角度研究了供应链运作风险对供应链绩效的影响.将供应链运作风险归纳为供应风险、需求风险、制造过程风险和信息风险四类,选择供应链可靠性、柔性、服务质量和财务绩效四个变量描述供应链绩效,构建了一个反映二者关系的概念模型.通过对国内制造业企业的问卷调研,利用结构方程模型软件LISREL8.70对模型进行了统计检验,得到了研究结果.研究结果表明:制造过程风险和信息风险对供应链绩效有显著的直接影响;供应风险和需求风险对供应链绩效无显著的直接影响,但通过与制造过程风险和信息风险的相关关系间接影响供应链绩效.研究结论为制造企业实际的供应链风险管理提供理论借鉴.     

缺货风险下复杂装备生产与配套采购联合决策

面向多品种小批量、按单生产的复杂装备制造企业,将装配节点齐套约束下的生产计划制定问题与供需能力匹配约束下的采购计划生成问题关联起来,综合考虑定向采购方式下配套件的缺货风险因素,兼顾采购管理指标和生产交期指标,建立多物料双源采购与多类型产品订单排产的联合决策整数规划模型。针对问题规模较大,传统精确算法难以求解的问题,设计基于自适应局部搜索机制和种群多样化策略的改进粒子群算法。算例实验结果表明,该算法求解质量良好,能有效提升大规模问题下的求解效率。相比于独立决策,联合决策方案显著提高了总采购价值和准时交货水平,同时降低了订货成本和订单拖期惩罚。最后,对模型参数进行敏感性分析,结果可为企业供应风险下的生产管理决策提供参考。     

Manufacturing of Non-axisymmetric Thermoplastic Composite Parts by Tape Winding Technique

The aim of the present work is to develop a technique for the fabrication of non-axisymmetric thermoplastic composite rings using laser heating or other heat sources. The method can be applicable in the production of elliptical springs for automotive suspensions. The elliptic spring, which functions in the same vertical deflection mode and packaging space as a steel coil spring, has the potential of saving weight (as much as 50 %) in a typical automotive suspension system. During the tape winding process, heat is supplied at the contact point of the roller and mandrel to consolidate the laminate. For the fabrication of non-axisymmetric thermoplastic composite rings, the contact point changes with change in the mandrel position. The movement of laser heat source with change in contact point is found to be difficult. Moreover, tape speed is found to vary for constant speed of a non-axisymmetric mandrel. With changes in tape speed, the amount of heat supply at the contact point cannot be kept constant for uniform bonding of the laminate. This paper discusses the problem concerning the manufacture of non-circular shapes and presents a solution by developing a kinematic model. For laser processing, the heat source is kept stationary while the mandrel and roller are moved such a way that the contact point remains at same horizontal plane. A generalized formula is developed to determine the rate of rotation of the mandrel for obtaining a constant tape speed for non-axisymmetric mandrel shapes.     

Impact analysis of arbitrarily‐shaped bodies using a finite element method and a smoothed particle hydrodynamics method

We propose a new method to obtain contact forces under a non‐smoothed contact problem between arbitrarily‐shaped bodies which are discretized by finite element method. Contact forces are calculated by the specific contact algorithm between two particles of smoothed particle hydrodynamics, which is a meshfree method, and that are applied to each colliding body. This approach has advantages that accurate contact forces can be obtained within an accelerated collision without a jump problem in a discrete time increment. Also, this can be simply applied into any contact problems like a point‐to‐point, a point‐to‐line, and a point‐to‐surface contact for complex shaped and deformable bodies. In order to describe this method, an impulse based method, a unilateral contact method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics method are firstly introduced in this paper. Then, a procedure about the proposed method is handled in great detail. Finally, accuracy of the proposed method is verified by a conservation of momentum through three contact examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Collaboration of large equipment complete service under cloud manufacturing mode

This paper focuses on the need of the large equipment manufacturing industry to adapt collaborative operation to transform the industry to cloud manufacturing services and to solve the new problem of federal resources coordination in complete service operation. We systematically study federal resources cooperation under cloud manufacturing mode to complete a large complex project. The primary research contents are divided into four points. First, a system structure of cloud manufacturing service mode is presented. Second, a synergy logic framework from the global system perspective is designed based on generalised partial global planning. Third, a multi-level system coordination mechanism is established by integrating various methods, including the bidding game mechanism for enterprise external resources, the planning control mechanisms for enterprise internal resource and the global collaborative optimisation mechanism for enterprise global federal resources. Finally, a cloud manufacturing service platform for a typical enterprise is developed by combining theory with practice. The results can realise collaborative management in resource selection and configuration, service process planning control and service information feedback in cloud manufacturing service, as well as achieve overall synergy effect for the system.     

Smart construction site in mega construction projects: A case study on island tunneling project of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

The construction sites of mega construction projects (MCP) often have numerous participants with interfacing work within a highly complex system. It is critical how to realize collaborative work and information sharing among such participants. The information and communication technologies (ICTs) provides a technical guarantee for solving this problem. Existing research has been achieved the partial processes digitization of construction site, but certain problems still exist: 1)information perception of the construction site is passive. 2) common collaboration and coordination problems in the construction industry have not been addressed. The emerging trends of ICTs have resulted in the integration of various computer technologies such as CPS, BIM, big data, and cloud computing into construction process, which would changes behavioral and management mode of construction sites. These new ICTs have been applied successfully in MCP, in particular, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project. A new management mode of construction sites is inspired by these case. In this paper, a new management mode of construction site for MCP has been proposed, namely, smart construction site. The ultimate goal of smart construction site is to accomplish safe, efficient and high-quality construction. This study put forward the conceptual framework for smart construction site, and have identified three key elements of smart construction site, including information support platform, collaboration work, and intelligent construction management. A case study on Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project work as an evidence to support the practicability of the proposed mode. Significant contributions of this study is to propose a new management mode for MCP in construction industry, which would enrich the body of knowledge or the construction management community. Future research should be dedicated to further explore the potential of smart construction site in MCP management.     

Buckling analysis of delaminated laminates with consideration of contact in buckling mode

This paper concerns the buckling load analysis of laminates with a pre‐existing delamination, using the finite element method based on the Mindlin plate theory. To deal with the contact problem in the buckling mode, an effective algorithm is presented. In this method, an iterative updating process based on the first‐order sensitivity analysis and the quadratic programming technique is proposed to compute the fictitious forces in contacting areas at first. These fictitious forces are then transferred into the stiffness parameters of some artificial springs. The original stiffness matrix of system can be modified, using these artificial springs. Finally, the penetration between two delaminated layers in the buckling mode can be prevented effectively. Numerical examples show that this method is very efficient to solve the contact problem in eigenvalue analysis from the viewpoint of its accuracy, stability and convergence speed. The effects of contact and delamination size on the buckling load analysis are also investigated. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

整合营销传播视角下通信服务企业品牌接触点管理研究

本文从政策、经济、技术、市场竞争等视角分析了通信服务企业实施整合营销传播的动因,指出整合营销传播视角下通信服务企业品牌接触点管理的主要内容是客户服务品牌接触点识别、有效识别关键接触点、对品牌接触点实施有效管理等,并对通信服务企业如何进一步做好品牌接触点管理提出对策建议。     

Combined interior‐point method and semismooth Newton method for frictionless contact problems

In the present paper, a solution scheme is proposed for frictionless contact problems of linear elastic bodies, which are discretized using the finite element method with lower order elements. An approach combining the interior‐point method and the semismooth Newton method is proposed. In this method, an initial active set for the semismooth Newton method is obtained from the approximate optimal solution by the interior‐point method. The simplest node‐to‐node contact model is considered in the present paper, that is, pairs of matching nodes exist on the contact surfaces. However, the discussions can be easily extended to a node‐to‐segment or segment‐to‐segment contact model. In order to evaluate the proposed method, a number of illustrative examples of the frictionless contact problem are shown. The proposed combined method is compared with the interior‐point method and the semismooth Newton method. Two numerical examples that are difficult to solve using the semismooth Newton method are solved effectively using the proposed combined method. It is shown that the proposed method converges within far fewer iterations than the semismooth Newton methods or the interior‐point method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite element analysis of an interface crack with large crack-tip contact zones

There is considerable ambiguity regarding the limiting values of the strain energy release rate (SERR) components at the tips of a crack lying along the interface between two dissimilar isotropic media. In this paper this aspect is examined using finite element analysis and Modified Crack Closure Integral (MCCI) for a problem in which the material properties are chosen so as to cause a large size crack-tip contact zone. By careful choice of this problem, interpenetration of the crack faces in the crack-tip contact zones is observed for the first time in the finite element analysis. Earlier solutions primarily on remote mode 1 loading reported that SERR components do not converge as the virtual crack extension Δa → 0 and that these components show an oscillatory nature when Δa is less than the contact zone size r_c. In the present work, multipoint constraints are imposed on crack face normal displacements in the contact zone and meaningful results are generated for both remote tension and shear loading cases. The apparent nonconvergence of the SERR components as Δa → 0 can be explained if these components are considered as functions of Δa, and Δa is considered as the actual crack growth step size.     

A new testing method to obtain mode II fatigue crack growth characteristics of hard materials

Flaking type failure in rolling‐contact processes is usually attributed to fatigue‐induced subsurface shearing stress caused by the contact loading. Assuming such crack growth is due to mode II loading and that mode I growth is suppressed due to the compressive stress field arising from the contact stress, we developed a new testing apparatus for mode II fatigue crack growth. Although the apparatus is, as a former apparatus was, based on the principle that the static K_I mode and the compressive stress parallel to the pre‐crack are superimposed on the mode II loading system, we employ direct loading in the new apparatus. Instead of the simple four‐point‐shear‐loading system used in the former apparatus, a new device for the application of a compressive stress parallel to the pre‐crack has been developed. Due to these alterations, mode II cyclic loading tests for hard steels have become possible for arbitrary stress ratios, including fully reversed loading (R=?1); which is the case of rolling‐contact fatigue. The test results obtained using the newly developed apparatus on specimens made from bearing steel SUJ2 and also a 0.75% carbon steel, are shown.     

一种适用于求解大规模结构的分步接触算法及其工程应用

大规模结构接触非线性问题的求解是当前工程界研究的热点和难点。该文基于传统的Lagrange乘子法提出了一种新的分步接触算法。该算法的基本原理是将接触问题分两步求解,第一步求解由整体系统力系平衡方程构成的控制方程,第二步求解接触局部区域的约束方程。该算法利用Lagrange乘子来精确模拟接触约束条件,同时对传统的Lagrange乘子法进行了解耦降维处理,所需存储量小、易于实现并行化,且通过引入缩放因子进一步提高了其求解效率,故非常适合高效求解大规模结构的接触问题。经典Hertz接触算例和平面双缝坝算例的结果验证了该算法的正确性,考虑内外衬接触非线性的穿黄隧洞整体模型工程应用算例说明了该算法的有效性。