三维数字减影技术在食管恶性狭窄诊疗中的应用

目的探讨三维数字减影技术在食管恶性狭窄病变诊疗中的应用。方法选择晚期食管癌引起的食管恶性狭窄患者４０例，口服对比剂后，对其狭窄病变段分别进行三维数字减影检查及二维数字减影检查，并将检查得到的三维数字减影图像与普通食管气钡双重造影片及二维数字减影进行对比分析。结果三维数字减影可以清晰显示食管恶性狭窄的位置，精确测量长度，清晰显示食管癌病灶内的溃疡及穿孔的形态，发现较隐匿的食管瘘，有助于精确定位及选择合适的食管内支架。结论三维数字减影技术对于食管癌恶性狭窄的诊断，病变的精确测量及内支架的有效置放，有着不可替代的作用。     

节能型吸附减湿空调与常规空调的用能效率及经济优劣比较研究

本文针对吸附减湿空调的具体特点，提出了几种性能判据，并利用这些判据比较了吸附减湿空调和常规空调的性能。通过理论分析及实例计算，发现吸附减湿空调不仅在能量的有效利用上优于常规空调，而且在经济效益上也略优于常规空调，是一种颇具发展前途的节能型空调。     

光伏组件减反射薄膜在山地光伏电站中的应用研究

在光伏组件玻璃表面和空气之间存在界面，约4%的太阳光线会被界面反射从而导致其无法被光伏组件吸收，而减反射薄膜通过相消干涉效应可以减少太阳入射光的反射损耗，从而提升光伏组件的光电转换效率。因此，在光伏组件玻璃表面涂覆减反射薄膜对光伏电站的高质量运行具有重大现实意义。在户外实际运行过程中，光伏组件面临严苛的使用环境，因此需要减反射薄膜在复杂环境下可以保持性质稳定；再考虑到光伏组件成本问题，需要进一步验证在不同场景下减反射薄膜的应用是否具有经济性。通过实验室测试和不同场景的户外验证，对光伏组件减反射薄膜在山地光伏电站中应用带来的实际发电量提升情况进行了分析研究。研究结果表明：光伏组件减反射薄膜对光伏电站的发电量有显著提升效果，且镀膜的物理性质稳定。镀膜后，山地光伏电站发电量的平均提升率高于实验室光伏组件样品发电量和地面集中式光伏电站发电量的平均提升率，说明光伏组件减反射薄膜的应用对于山地光伏电站发电量的提升有显著效果。研究结果可为山地光伏电站的提质增效和光伏组件选型提供参考。     

水电开发条件下减水河道景观需水量计算方法

为探究水电开发条件下减水河道景观需水量的计算方法，结合区域内水文、社会经济等数据，类比同类工程减水后的景观特征变化，以丹巴水电站引起的减水河道为例，综合筛选景观评价因子，考虑人类视觉效果，建立减水河道景观需水评价体系，提出了针对水电站工程建设引起的减水河段景观需水量的计算方法。基于水力学模型，根据确定的指标体系对各河段景观学指标进行计算分析，得到满足减水河道景观需求的宽谷段、峡谷段及县城河段所需要的水量分别为70.4、64.8、50.7 m³/s,取70.4 m³/s作为减水河段全河段的景观需水量。     

减温减压器热动力学模型研究

减温减压器是蒸汽排汽系统中的一个关键设备，简单介绍了减温减压器的结构特点和工作原理，根据减温减压器的动态特性，建立了由蒸汽容积环节和阻力环节串联所构成的减温减压器级的物理模型，经过一定的热动力学假设，采用集总参数方法建立了减温减压器的动态数学模型。     

节能型吸附减温室调与常规空调的用能效率及经济优劣比较研究

本文针对吸附减湿空调的具体特点，提出了几种性能判据，并利用这些判据比较了吸附减湿空调和常规空调的性能，通过理论分析及实例计算，发现吸附减湿空调不仅在能量的有效利用上优于常规空调，而且在经济效益上也略优于常规空调，是一咱颇具发展前途的节能型空调。     

下期部分论文题目

绍兴大明发电有限公司1#余热锅炉型号为Q387／543-65—3．82／445，卧式烟道式单汽包自然循环锅炉，采用喷水减温。锅炉投产初期，出现因减温水流量不足，造成主汽超温被迫减负荷运行的现象。停炉后，检查发现减温器部份减温水喷嘴被焊渣、金属屑堵塞，造成减温水流量减少。将杂物清除后继续投运，运行不久此种状况继续发生，被迫减负荷运行或停炉清理，造成较大的经济损失。     

减温减压器变工况运行分析

本文从汽轮机组的起运行着手，结合单元制机组的运行特点及滑参数起停方式，对旁路三级减温减压器的实际工作情况进行了分析探讨，对我厂已投运机组的减温减压器进行了分析解剖，在给定入口蒸汽条件的基础上，推算出了相应的变工况流量与入口压力之间的特性曲线，可作为相应型号减温减压的特性曲线，供实际变工况运行参考，本文中所推荐时的计算公式亦可作为减温减压器变工况计算的计算公式，通过对三级减温减压器的变工况分析，对我     

CT减影法评价肝细胞癌TACE后残余肿瘤活性的研究

【摘要】 目的 应用增强CT减影法评价肝细胞癌TACE后是否存在残余的肿瘤活性。方法 回顾性连续收集临床确诊肝细胞癌并接受TACE患者22例，所有患者在第1次介入治疗之后均接受肝脏多期增强CT检查，并于第2次介入检查时评价肿瘤是否存在残余活性。使用增强CT动脉期图像减去平扫图像获得减影后图像，测量碘油沉积病灶减影后CT值，与第2次介入血管造影做对照，统计学分析减影后的图像判断肿瘤残余活性的能力。结果 22例肝细胞癌经TACE治疗患者中，第1次介入后共有37个病灶内见碘油沉积。经评价有肿瘤活性的病灶有34个，无肿瘤活性的病灶有3个。有肿瘤活性组的病灶减影后CT值为（79±68） HU；无肿瘤活性组中减影后CT值为（1±1） HU，两组数据差异有统计学意义（P=0.007）。使用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析，当病灶减影后CT值大于1 HU时，诊断肿瘤残余活性的灵敏度为97.06%，特异度为100%，ROC曲线下面积可达0.975。结论 使用增强CT动脉期与平扫减影图像，可以准确且直观地判断肝细胞癌TACE后是否存在残余肿瘤活性病变。

     

南蒸馏—减粘装置节能优化组台改造

锦西石化分公司南蒸馏—减粘装置优化组合改造是一项重大的节能措施，该项目对减粘装置进行搬迁改造，与南蒸馏装置形成联合装置。通过合理规划减底渣油物料流向，减少中间过程能量损失，同时降低了两套装置的能耗。     

氮化硅薄膜的性能研究以及在多晶硅太阳电池上的应用

利用椭圆偏振仪、准稳态光电导衰减法(QSSPCD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、红外吸收光谱(IR)、反射谱等手段，研究了不同硅烷和氨气配比条件以及沉积温度对在多晶硅太阳电池上所沉积的氮化硅薄膜性能的影响，优化了沉积条件。通过比较沉积前后电池的各项性能，确认经氮化硅钝化后电池效率提高了40％以上，电池的短路电流也提高了30％以上，对于电池的开路电压提高也很大.     

Silica low-reflection coatings for collector covers, by a dip-coating process

A procedure for the deposition of antireflection coatings onto collector cover plates, by means of a dip-coating process using an ethanol-based colloidal silical sol, is described. By use of this process the solar transmittance of such cover plates can be increased by an increment 0.05 thus eliminating over 60 per cent of the reflectance losses. This increased transmittance increases the daily heat output for a single-glazed flat plate collector by a factor of approximately 1.1, and for double-glazed units by a factor of approximately 1.2. These antireflection films can be deposited on glass and on some types of plastic substrate. The abrasion resistance of the deposits on glass can be improved greatly by baking to 500°C. Outdoor weathering tests have shown the films probably have adequate stability for use in solar collector applications.     

Computations of the optical properties of metal/insulator-composites for solar selective absorbers

Solar selective absorbers are very useful for photo thermal energy conversion. The absorbers normally consist of thin films (mostly composite), sandwiched between the antireflection layer and (base layer on) a metallic substrate, selectively absorbing in the solar spectrum and reflecting in the thermal spectrum. The optical performance of the absorbers depends on the thin film design, thickness, surface roughness and optical constants of the constituents. The reflectivity of the underlying metal and porosity of the antireflection coating plays important roles in the selectivity behavior of the coatings. Computer simulations, applying effective medium theories, have been used to investigate the simplest possible design for composite solar selective coatings. A very high solar absorption is achieved when the coating has a non-uniform composition in the sense that the refractive index is highest closest to the metal substrate and then gradually decreases towards the air interface. The destructive interference created in the visible spectrum has increased the solar absorption to 98%. This paper also addresses the optical performance of several metals/dielectric composites like Sm, Ru, Tm, Ti, Re, W, V, Tb, Er in alumina or quartz on the basis of their refractive indices. The antireflection coating porosity and surface roughness has been analyzed to achieve maximum solar absorption without increasing the thermal emittance. Antireflection layer porosity is a function of dielectric refractive index and has nominal effect on the performance of the coating. While, up to the roughness of 1×10⁻⁷ m RMS, the solar absorption increases and for higher roughness, the thermal emittance increases only.     

Screen printed titanium oxide and PECVD silicon nitride as antireflection coating on silicon solar cells

Silicon nitride and titanium oxide coatings have been used to reduce the reflection losses from silicon solar cells. Both 100-mm-diameter circular and 100 × 100 mm pseudo-square single crystalline silicon solar cells have been used in the present studies. More than 27% enhancement in the short circuit current has been demonstrated in polished cells using screen printed titanium oxide antireflection coating. Solar cells made from textured silicon wafers were used for plasma enhanced CVD grown silicon nitride antireflection coating on them. In these cells more than 23% enhancement in short-circuit current has been observed after silicon nitride antireflection coating.     

Silicon solar cells with antireflection diamond-like carbon and silicon carbide films

Optical properties of diamond-like carbon and silicon carbide (SiC) films in dependence on deposition conditions were investigated. It was established that the films having refractive index from 1.6 to 2.3 may be obtained. The film optical bandgap and hardness may be changed from 1.5 to 4 eV and from 1 to 20 GPa, correspondingly. The films were deposited onto the front side of silicon solar cells (SCs). It has been shown that deposition of single- or two-layer diamond-like carbon antireflection (AR) coatings enables the SCs efficiency to be improved 1.35–1.5 times. The improvement is connected with decreasing of reflection losses and passivation of recombination active centers. SiC AR coatings improve the solar cell efficiency up to 1.3 times.     

High-density inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride for solar cell application

The silicon nitride films were deposited by means of high-density inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition in a planar coil reactor. The process gases used were pure nitrogen and a mixture of silane and helium. Passivated by silicon nitride, solar cells show efficiency above 13%. Strong H-atom release from the growing SiN film and Si–N bond healing are responsible for the improved electrical and passivation properties of SiN film. This paper presents the optimal refractive index of SiN for single layer antireflection coating as well as double layer antireflection coating in solar cell applications.     

基于石墨烯电极的聚合物太阳能电池光学减反层的研究

石墨烯薄膜具有低阻且在可见光谱区具有高透过率,可应用于聚合物太阳能电池透明电极。本文基于时域有限差分分析方法（FDTD）,研究了石墨烯太阳能电池的反射损耗及光吸收特性,并通过在玻璃基板与石墨烯间添加氧化镍层（NiO）进行光学减反射。理论分析表明：优化的NiO /石墨烯透明电极结构,能够成为氧化铟锡（ITO）的良好替代电极。     

Thermal advantages for solar heating systems with a glass cover with antireflection surfaces

Investigations elucidate how a glass cover with antireflection surfaces can improve the efficiency of a solar collector and the thermal performance of solar heating systems. The transmittances for two glass covers for a flat-plate solar collector were measured for different incidence angles. The two glasses are identical, except for the fact that one of them is equipped with antireflection surfaces by the company SunArc A/S. The transmittance was increased by 5–9%-points due to the antireflection surfaces. The increase depends on the incidence angle. The efficiency at incidence angles of 0° and the incidence angle modifier were measured for a flat-plate solar collector with the two cover plates. The collector efficiency was increased by 4–6%-points due to the antireflection surfaces, depending on the incidence angle. The thermal advantage with using a glass cover with antireflection surfaces was determined for different solar heating systems. Three systems were investigated: solar domestic hot water systems, solar heating systems for combined space heating demand and domestic hot water supply, and large solar heating plants. The yearly thermal performance of the systems was calculated by detailed simulation models with collectors with a normal glass cover and with a glass cover with antireflection surfaces. The calculations were carried out for different solar fractions and temperature levels of the solar heating systems. These parameters influence greatly the thermal performance associated with the antireflection surfaces.     

High performance anti-reflection coatings for broadband multi-junction solar cells

The success of bandgap engineering has made high-efficiency broadband multi-junction solar cells possible with photo-response out to the band edge of germanium. Modeling has been conducted which suggests that current double-layer antireflection coating technology is not adequate for these devices in certain cases. Approaches for the development of higher performance antireflection coatings are examined. A new antireflection coating structure based on the use of Herpin equivalent layers is presented. Optical modeling of the new AR coating suggests a decrease in the solar weighted reflectance of 2.5% absolute over typically used double-layer antireflection coatings. This structure requires no additional optical material development and characterization because no new optical materials are necessary. Experimental results and a sensitivity analysis are presented.     

PECVD grown silicon nitride AR coatings on polycrystalline silicon solar cells

Silicon nitride films produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) have been studied as antireflection (AR) coating on polycrystalline silicon solar cells. A substantial enhancement (28%) in the short circuit current (I_sc) has been obtained. The open circuit voltage (V_oc) of these cells has also been found to improve after silicon nitride deposition. The deposition conditions to optimise the improvement in the cell performance have been discussed.