结构性创新对组织绩效的影响机制研究

基于生态位理论,深入研究了结构性创新对组织绩效的影响机制,考察知识解构/知识重构的中介作用和知识共享/资源获取的调节作用。针对221个制造型企业的多时点研究发现：结构性创新正向影响组织绩效,知识解构和知识重构在其中起中介作用;知识共享调节结构性创新与知识解构/知识重构间的关系,也通过知识解构/知识重构调节结构性创新与组织绩效的间接关系;资源获取调节结构性创新与知识重构间的关系,也通过知识重构调节结构性创新与组织绩效的间接关系。     

Open innovation and innovation "Radicalness"—the moderating effect of network embeddedness

This study aims at developing a better understanding of the relationship between open innovation and innovation radicalness and further examines the moderating effect of network embeddedness. The paper collects patent data from four emerging industries, 3D printing, augmented reality and virtual reality, hybrid electric vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicles, to validate the theoretical model. The results show that open innovation exerts positive effects on innovation radicalness depending on the breadth and depth of openness. Furthermore, network centrality plays a negative moderating role in the relationship between open innovation and innovation radicalness whereas network reach positively moderates the relationship. This study provides a valuable theoretical framework of innovation radicalness determinants by connecting open innovation theory with a network embeddedness perspective. The findings presented in the paper provide practical implications for firms in emerging industries to implement effective open innovation strategies and develop a better understanding of the effect of network embeddedness on innovation radicalness.     

人际协同视角下CEO包容型领导与创业绩效的关系研究

采用194份合伙人-CEO配对数据,探讨了新创企业CEO包容型领导风格对创业绩效的影响,尤其是考察了地位冲突的中介作用以及目标一致性的调节作用。结果发现:(1)CEO包容型领导对创业绩效具有显著正向影响;(2)创业团队内部地位冲突在CEO包容型领导与创业绩效之间起部分中介作用;(3)合伙人-CEO目标一致性调节了地位冲突对创业绩效的负面影响;(4)合伙人-CEO目标一致性对地位冲突在CEO包容型领导与企业绩效之间的中介作用具有显著调节作用。合伙人-CEO目标一致性越弱,以地位冲突为中介的CEO包容型领导对创业绩效的影响越强,反之亦然。     

Role of traditional Chinese philosophies and new product development under circular economy in private manufacturing enterprise performance

The new product development (NPD) process–performance link has been sufficiently studied in academic research. However, recent NPD process is significantly different from the conventional NPD specifically with the inclusion of sustainability considerations under circular economy (CE) context. In theory, NPD with CE considerations (CE-NPD), compared with the conventional NPD, is associated with higher costs and longer development times. This study empirically examines the effect of the CE-NPD process on both time-to-market (TTM) and profit performance in the context of Chinese private enterprises. In addition, the role of traditional Chinese philosophies of Confucianism and Taoism in influencing the CE-NPD process–performance link is also investigated. We find that Confucianism positively moderates the relationship between the CE-NPD process and TTM performance. However, it negatively moderates the CE-NPD-profit link. On the other hand, the moderating effect of Taoism is negative on both the CE-NPD-TTM and CE-NPD-profit links. An interesting finding of this study is that the coexistence of Confucian and Taoist values in NPD workers has the strongest positive impact on the relationship between the CE-NPD process and performance. Our study provides insights on the way in which companies should plan to apply Chinese philosophies during the CE-NPD process to maximise the benefits.     

Motivating business towards innovation: A panel data study using dynamic capability framework

National strategic dynamic capabilities refer to the nations' ability to acquire, develop, and transfer national resources into innovation. This would help provoke firms and individuals’ capabilities to sense and seize to expedite innovative performance transformation. This study suggests that through the dynamic capabilities (DC) framework, the government can increase Innovation by channelizing the economic innovation system indicators. Macroeconomic indicators from 62 countries were taken to assess the significance of indicator-based dynamic capabilities model. The results confirm that sensing and seizing indices motivate Innovation, while the cost of business negatively moderates sensing. This model suggests that governments can motivate Innovation by exploring the indicators which are determining the sensing and seizing environment of decision-makers in businesses.     

ICT in Industrial Districts: An Empirical Analysis on Adoption, Use and Impact

The aim of this study is to analyse the main determinants of the adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the relationship between ICT and the patterns of innovation in an Italian industrial district. The analysis is carried out on a database of 118 textile enterprises located in Biella, a well-known industrial district specialized in medium to high quality woollen yarns and textiles, that have been interviewed following a structured questionnaire. On the whole, the rate of adoption and use of ICT in Biella is rather low and this confirms the results of other studies on industrial districts that are specialized in traditional sectors. Nevertheless, our analysis also shows that considering ICT as a general technology may be misleading. Instead, it is useful to disentangle the different ICT; in particular, there are significant differences between IT involving production, administration and logistic processes and the communication technologies (CT). Moreover, on a smaller sample of 50 firms we have tested the hypothesis that adoption and use of ICT may positively influence innovation. In this case, we find that different types of innovations, for instance, product, process and organizational innovations, are influenced by very different variables.     

On the upside or flipside: Where is venture capital positioned in the era of digital disruptions?

Recent studies have found that disruptive technologies, such as FinTech, have the potential to overturn existing business models and overthrow incumbents. These studies have demonstrated that newly emerging digital platforms financing early-stage ventures threaten traditional venture capital (VC). We argue that, conversely, VC benefits from advances in information and communication technology (ICT), as ICT fosters entrepreneurship and mitigates agency issues in VC deals. This paper examines the impact of digitization on VC investments from 23 European countries spanning 2007–2019 using a dynamic panel two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique. The results show that the factors “ICT penetration” (a general measure of societal internet and computer access and use) and “digital economy” (a measure of ICT-powered economic activity) exert significant and positive effects on early-stage, later-stage, and total VC investments. Moreover, availability of bank credit moderates the effect of digital economy on VC investment. Finally, this study reveals that it is digital entrepreneurship (as reflected in our “digital economy” measure), and not total entrepreneurial activity, that attracts VC investment. We conclude that the VC industry is aligned with rather than threatened by the newly emerging digital environment. The empirical results are robust to different control variables and data sources. This paper offers useful implications for policy and contributes to the literature on digital entrepreneurship and venture capital.     

Impact of ICT development on economic growth. A study of OECD European union countries

Most of the scientific literature recognizes a positive impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on economic growth. In contrast, different investigations suggest that this impact is limited or even null, that is, there are mixed results.In view of this problem, we conducted a study whose objective is to analyse the impact of ICT on economic growth.To address the study, we apply Partial Least Squares (PLS), using the databases of Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which allowed us to analyse those European Economic Community countries, members of the OECD, in order to reduce the differences in economic development between the countries analysed. As far as we know, this is the only work that studies the relationship between ICT and economic growth by measuring ICT with the Digital Economy and Society Index database (DESI), in European Union countries that belong to the OECD and that apply the PLS-SEM technique.Based on the empirical results, the paper suggests that progress in the deployment and use of ICT drives the economic growth of countries that are within the framework of developed European economies.     

The influence of industrial policy and national systems of innovation on emerging economy suppliers’ learning capability

This paper links the industrial policy and national systems of innovation literature to the investigation of learning capabilities of suppliers in the context of the automotive parts industry of Pakistan. Drawing data from 50 Pakistani autoparts suppliers, the findings suggest that industrial policy has been helpful in creating a local parts supply base and facilitating the entry of Japanese assemblers in the market. However, the implementation of the policy has been weak, and it is an arduous journey for the local suppliers to develop ambidextrous (exploratory and exploitative) learning capabilities. The findings also indicate that where local training and support from R&D institutions are weak, networking alone with foreign multinationals is not sufficient on its own to develop exploratory learning capabilities of local suppliers. This paper shows the importance of creating national–provincial institutions offering learning and skills development aimed towards innovation.     

The innovation- growth link in OECD countries: Could other macroeconomic variables matter?

This study investigates the Granger causal relationships between innovation, economic growth, information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, government consumption expenditure, gross capital formation, foreign direct investment, and trade openness. Using panel data from 32 high-income OECD countries from 1970 to 2016 and panel cointegration techniques, results show that these variables are cointegrated. The Granger causality tests further confirm that, taking other variables into account, there is bi-directional causality between innovation and economic growth in the long run. Moreover, both economic growth and innovation are generally impacted in the long run by the other variables that we consider. The short-run causality results reveal a diverse pattern of short-run adjustment dynamics among the variables including the possibility of feedback among some of them. Important policy implications for sustainable economic growth and higher innovation suggest elevating government consumption expenditure, increasing capital formation, further opening of countries' economies to trade, as well as improving ICT infrastructure.     

Heterogeneous Partners,R&D cooperation and corporate innovation capability: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms

In this paper, we examine the differential impact of cooperation with heterogeneous partners on firms' innovation capabilities. We use the number of joint patent applications of Chinese manufacturing firms from 2008 to 2018 to measure cooperation with different types of partners and the number of corporate patents to measure the innovation capability of firms. The results indicate that R&D cooperation with other enterprises, universities, and research institutions all have a significantly positive impact on the innovation capability of enterprises. However, R&D cooperation with universities or research institutions has a higher positive impact on innovation capability than that with other firms. Different internal and external factors moderate the relationship between heterogeneous partners and the innovation capability of firms. Specifically, firms with higher absorptive capacity will benefit more from R&D cooperation with corporate partners. In contrast, in industries with higher market concentration or where firms are at the technological frontier, cooperation with universities will positively impact their innovation capabilities. Further research demonstrates that absorptive capacity has a more positive moderating effect when the cooperation is between firms in the same industry, compared to R&D cooperation between firms in different industries.     

A structural model of supply chain performance in an emerging economy

Drawing on a knowledge-based view and strategic choice theory, this study develops and empirically tests a conceptual framework to assess the effect of knowledge sharing on the development of supply chain capabilities and the effects of such capabilities on supply chain performance. Employing path analysis, it is shown that strong associations exist between the sharing of both explicit and tacit knowledge and the development of supply chain capabilities, including cost efficiency and innovation capabilities. The results also indicate significant moderating effects of cost and innovation orientations on supply chain capabilities, which in turn exert effects on the improvement of supply chain performance. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed, and future research directions are also suggested.     

The structure and evolution of ICT global innovation network

Abstract

We look at the structure and evolution of an information and communication technology (ICT) global innovation network (GIN) by mapping the locations of R&D centres belonging to a group of multinational ICT enterprises. We found that the number of countries and connections have increased in a very short time, and that most of the newcomers have come from Africa, Asia and South America. We show that a country’s network position affects the creation and intensity of R&D linkages with other countries in the network. This suggests that the evolution of the ICT GIN is driven by, among other things, the preferential attachment mechanism, i.e. countries tend to connect to those countries which have more links. A country’s position in the network also moderates the effect of standard determinants of innovation i, such as geographic distance. Hence, network position explains the creation of R&D linkages between such distant countries as the US, China or India.     

Mobility Intentions of Foreign Researchers: The Role of Non-economic Motivations

Recent contributions suggest that non-economic factors could be important motivational drivers of scientific mobility. We investigate this hypothesis in a sample of foreign researchers in Italy and Portugal, examining their willingness to leave the host country. We distinguish between economic factors, non-economic relational factors and non-economic aspirational factors. Controlling for the relevant contextual variables, we find that foreign researchers, unsatisfied with aspirational factors (e.g. level of independence, autonomy, intellectual challenge and social status), are more likely to leave their host country and move to a third country than they are to return to their countries of origin. Relational and economic factors, such as salary and benefits, do not demonstrate any additional impact.     

New paradigm of ICT productivity – Increasing role of un-captured GDP and growing anger of consumers

The dramatic advancement of the Internet has led all nations to an information communication technology (ICT) driven development trajectory. This trajectory has resulted in bi-polarization between ICT growing economies and ICT advanced economies. While the former enjoys a virtuous cycle between ICT advancement and productivity increase, the later has fallen into a trap of a vicious cycle between ICT advancement and productivity decrease.This paper identifies that this trap can be attributed to the two-faced nature of ICT in which advancement of ICT contributes to price increases due to functionality development while dramatic advancement of the Internet has resulted in price decreases due to freebies, easy copying and standardization.Based on an empirical analysis of a customer preference shift from economic functionality to supra-functionality beyond economic value, this paper unveils the increasing conflict between captured GDP and un-captured GDP derived from the Internet advancement which promotes a freer culture, the consumption of which provides utility and happiness but cannot be captured through GDP data that measures revenue.It was demonstrated that this conflict has led to an emerging growing anger of consumers which can be transformed into a springboard for new innovation leading to a trigger of innovation-consumption co-emergence.     

The role of crowdsourcing in product design: The moderating effect of user expertise and network connectivity

To meet the challenges of customization and personalized design in the context of the digital economy, increasing numbers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are using crowdsourcing platforms to seek product design innovation. While crowdsourcing has significant potential for eliciting product ideas, it remains unclear whether it can generate high-quality designs for relatively more complex product design tasks. Based on a leading social new product development website Quirky.com, we explore the antecedents of a firm's adoption decision of crowdsourcing, the impact of crowdsourcing on product design quality, and the moderating effect of user expertise and network connectivity by utilizing treatment effect model. The results indicate that: (1) crowdsourcing has a significant positive impact on product design quality; (2) user expertise positively moderates the role of crowdsourcing in product design quality; (3) network connectivity has an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on crowdsourcing and product design quality relationship; (4) the probability of firm's crowdsourcing adoption is negatively correlated with the complexity and reliability of initial product idea but positively correlated with popularity, novelty, and numbers of images. This study not only enriches the crowdsourcing and social network theory; but also provides guidance for crowdsourcing platform firms to better manage the crowdsourcing process and user crowdsourcing communities.     

Operationalization of un-captured GDP - Innovation stream under new global mega-trends

With the understanding that current ICT-driven global development depends on a trend shifting from traditional co-evolution of computer-initiated ICT, captured GDP, and economic functionality to new co-evolution of the Internet, un-captured GDP, and supra-functionality beyond economic value, the following hypothetical view was postulated:The disparity between the world's ICT leader countries with respect to happiness/welfare amidst great stagnation (Finland) or conspicuous economic growth (Singapore) can be attributed to the difference of the state in the above shifting trends.The foregoing hypothetical view was demonstrated on the basis of an empirical analysis measuring dependency on un-captured GDP, which is a key factor identifying the state of the shifting trends. This dependency is based on a comprehensive review of the consequences of three mega-trends that lead to the respective co-evolution and on the review of the development of trajectories relevant to these mega-trends.Noteworthy findings were obtained on the consequences of the development trajectory option, particularly on the shift from traditional co-evolution to new co-evolution resulting in differences in interactive return gain structure. Also significant policy suggestions essential for identifying government/business roles in the context of new innovation stream were received. The importance of transferring government ability in innovation, collaboration and absorption to business was stressed, as this creates a virtuous cycle between “muscular” economic environment development and increase in the “muscularity” of indigenous firms.     

Social Ties and Indigenous Innovation in China's Transition Economy: The Moderating Effects of Learning Intent

This study advances research on innovation by unfolding a particular innovation type, indigenous innovation, into three patterns (i.e., original innovation, integrative innovation and re-innovation). We examine how social network ties (business and institutional) influence indigenous innovation and the moderating effects of learning intent. Results from 270 Chinese firms indicate an inverted U-shaped relationship between business network ties and each pattern of indigenous innovation. In contrast, institutional network ties affect original innovation in the shape of an inverted U, while they facilitate integrative innovation and re-innovation in a linear manner. Learning intent shows significant moderating effects on these main relationships.     

ICT-driven disruptive innovation nurtures un-captured GDP – Harnessing women's potential as untapped resources

The harnessing of untapped resources has become essential for inclusive growth in digital economies particularly as developed economies continue to age demographically. The harnessing of women's potential is an urgent subject in this context, and successive initiatives have been flourishing in many countries.However, given the institutional complexity of the issue, as well as considerable variety across nations, uniformed non-systematic approaches are hardly satisfactory in achieving a timely solution.Against this back drop, this paper analyzed a new information communication technology (ICT)-driven disruptive innovation that may nurture un-captured GDP by harnessing untapped resources such as women's economic potential.Using a unique dataset representing the state of gender balance improvement, an empirical numerical analysis of 44 countries was attempted. These countries were classified as emerging, industrialized, and with a specific culture based particularly on the traditions of a male-dominated society.It was found that while industrialized countries, typically Finland, have achieved high performance in co-evolution between “econo-cultural development,” ICT advancement, and gender balance improvement, emerging countries have been constrained by low ICT advancement. In addition, notwithstanding their high economic level, countries with a specific culture have been constrained by a traditional male-dominated culture, Japan being a typical case.Based on these findings, lessons from industrialized countries for both emerging countries and countries with a specific culture were analyzed.It was suggested that ICT should be strategically advanced depending on the state of what we are calling “econo-cultural development” for constructing co-evolution of gender balance improvement along with techno-economic development.A new practical approach for harnessing untapped resources for sustainable growth was thus explored.     

Post-Catch-Up Strategy for Medium-Sized South Korean Firms: Improving Technological Capabilities by Balancing R&D Intensity and Open Innovation

Abstract

This study examines how R&D intensity and open innovation affect the technological capabilities of firms in newly-developed countries, such as South Korea. East Asian latecomers are transitioning from a catch-up phase toward becoming leaders, and they are engaging in open innovation activities to drive this transition. This research quantitatively analyzes three kinds of open innovation activities—outside-in, inside-out, and coupled—to investigate their influence upon technological capabilities, while also considering the effect of R&D intensity. Data from 75 South Korean medium-sized firms were analyzed, and two major findings are reported. First, technological capabilities are enhanced by some open innovation activities and by R&D intensity. Second, R&D intensity negatively moderates the impact of open innovation activities on technological capabilities. Therefore, it may be concluded that firms with relatively low R&D intensity will gain the most benefit from increasing their open innovation activities.