利用SPG膜制备O/W型乳液实验研究

利用孔径为0.6μm的SPG(Shirasu Porous Glass)多孔微滤膜,以异辛烷为分散相、pH=7的磷酸盐缓冲水溶液为连续相、以SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)和PVA(聚乙烯醇)分别为水相乳化剂和稳定剂,制备了O/W型乳液,研究了操作条件对乳液性能包括液滴大小及分布的影响关系.当跨膜压差在0.12~0.16 MPa时,连续相流速分布在0.20~0.40 m/s时,乳化剂浓度在其临界胶束浓度(CMC)之上时,乳液的单分散性较好.由于乳液具有良好的稳定性和单分散性,可用于多相界面酶催化反应.     

金属—改性PVA复合亲水分相膜处理含油乳化废水

用一定浓度的缩醛改性聚乙烯醇作铸膜液 ,以不锈钢金属纤维烧结毡作基材 ,制备了用于处理O/W型含油废水乳化液的复合亲水分相膜 .用该金属 -改性PVA亲水分相膜处理含油乳化废水 ,具有操作压力小、处理量大和除油效果好等优点 .用该分相膜处理质量浓度为10 0 0mg/L的模拟含油乳化液 ,在 4 0 0r/min的搅拌速度下 ,当操作压力为 0 5 4kPa时 ,即可获得 2 2 38m3/(m2 ·h)的透液速率 ,除油率可达 99 5 % .研究结果还表明 ,控制一定的操作条件 ,使透液速率不超过临界透液速率是获得高效除油率的关键 ,但此分相膜用于处理含乳化剂的乳化废水时效果不佳     

双乳液体系在微胶囊制备中的应用研究进展

双乳液是一类多重乳状液体系,它具有保护物质并且可以控制这些物质从一个相释放到另一个相的能力。近年来这类乳液体系与传统微胶囊制备方法的结合在药物输送(如抗癌药物、激素等)、食品等领域得到了一定的应用,解决了传统微胶囊制备方法无法有效封装高度水溶性物质等问题。基于此,综述了双乳液体系与微胶囊制备方法结合延伸出的一些新方法,包括双乳液-复凝聚法、复乳溶剂挥发法以及膜乳化复乳法等;同时,评述了影响双乳液体系制备微胶囊的各种因素,展望了双乳液体系在农药微胶囊制备中的应用前景。     

微乳液-中空纤维膜萃取钕的工艺研究

提出了一种新的膜分离过程即非离子W/O型微乳液-中空纤维膜萃取,所用非离子型微乳液体系为(OP-7 OP-4)/苯甲醇/D2EHPA/煤油/盐酸.在不同微乳液流速、料液流速、微乳液内相盐酸浓度、料液浓度、以及不同中空纤维膜数等条件下进行了微乳液-中空纤维膜逆流萃取Nd3 的研究.结果表明,微乳液和料液流速越小,萃取率越高,内相富集倍数越大.微乳液内相盐酸浓度越大,萃取率越高,但富集倍数反而减小.料液初始浓度越小,萃取率和富集倍数越大.当微乳液流速为6 mL/min、料液与微乳液流速比为3∶1、微乳液内相盐酸浓度为4 mol/L、料液浓度为200 mg/L时,经过微乳液在三个中空纤维膜萃取器中的串联萃取,Nd3 的萃取率达96.3%,内相Nd3 浓度为4238 mg/L,是萃余料液浓度的572.7倍,内相富集倍数为21.2.膜萃取过程与膜溶剂萃取相比对Nd3 有更高的萃取效率.     

钛阳极氧化制备TiO2-PTFE复合氧化膜及其微观特征

探讨了在不同电流、电解液浓度下,对钛表面进行阳极氧化所制得的氧化膜的结构与工艺参数之间的关系.然后,在硫酸电解液中添加聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)乳液,从而在钛表面制备TiO2-PTFE复合薄膜.用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对薄膜的微观特征进行表征.扫描电镜结果显示,所获得的氧化物为多孔结构薄膜,孔径为200～300nm,有利于电解液中超细颗粒的填充.添加PTFE乳液后,钛阳极氧化膜的孔隙部分或全部被PTFE微粒填充. XPS分析结果表明氧化膜内含有F元素.     

乳状液制备新工艺

用膜乳化系统制备了Ｏ／Ｗ型乳状液,考察了乳化时间、平均膜孔径、壁面剪应力、膜两则压差和乳化剂等因素对乳化效果的影响,实验显示,分散相液滴平均直径不随乳化时间而变化;在此条件下,该直径的膜平均孔径的５－１２倍,随着连续相一侧壁面剪应力的增大液滴平均直径减小,但当同剪应力大到一定值后,减小的幅度变得秀小,蛎膜平均孔径和膜两坟差都将增加分散相透过膜的通量,此外,乳化剂分子的吸附速度越快,分散相液滴平均直     

膜材料在污水回用中的成本分析

为促进膜技术的应用推广,针对膜分离工艺的特点,引进工程寿命周期成本分析方法,提出了吨水膜折旧成本参数,并给出其计算方法.讨论了吨水膜折旧成本在膜工程设计、操作、维护中的实践意义,也为膜丝、组件、系统的研制开发提供了一个明确的指导原则.     

动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)研究进展

动态膜生物反应器是一种将动态膜过滤技术和生物法污水处理工艺相结合的新型污水处理工艺.介绍了DMBR机理及工艺处理效果,并从膜基材选择、操作参数控制等方面评述了国内外学者在该领域的研究成果,指出DMBR存在的问题及发展方向.     

MBR膜污染的形成及其影响因素研究进展

拥有众多优势的膜生物反应器(MBR)技术在污废水处理方面有着广阔的应用前景,膜污染一直是MBR技术应用研究的热点和难点.膜污染的形成和主要污染因素的探讨为MBR膜污染研究奠定了基础,而确定操作工艺条件和膜特性对膜污染的影响规律,可为MBR系统设计或运行中减缓和控制膜污染提供指导.本文概述MBR膜污染的形成过程、主要污染因素及操作参数和膜性能对膜污染的影响.     

改性PVA超滤膜的制备与性能研究

选用聚乙烯醇、水、乙酸、硫酸铁等为原料 ,用相转化法制备了亲水性超滤膜 .在一定范围内研究了各种不同浓度的膜液组成对超滤膜性能的影响 ,确定了较佳的铸膜液组成 (质量分数 )为 :8%PVA ,6 %乙酸 ,1 5 %～ 2 %硫酸铁 .用此铸膜液制备的超滤膜 ,在操作压力为0 30～ 0 4 5MPa下 ,处理浓度为 10 0 0mg·L- 1的O/W型乳化液 ,透液速率可达 4 3L/(m2 ·h)以上 ,其除油率可达 92 %以上 .研究还表明 ,PVA超滤膜中添加适量硫酸铁 ,可改善膜的结构和耐水性能 .     

Precision emulsification for droplet and capsule production

Emulsions and microcapsules are typical structures in various dispersion formulations for pharmaceutical, food, personal and house care applications. Precise control over size and size distribution of emulsion droplets and microcapsules are important for effective use and delivery of active components and better product quality. Many emulsification technologies have been developed to meet different formulation and processing requirements. Among them, membrane and microfluidic emulsification as emerging technologies have the feature of being able to precisely manufacture droplets in a drop-by-drop manner to give subscribed sizes and size distributions with lower energy consumption. This paper reviews fundamental sciences and engineering aspects of emulsification, membrane and microfluidic emulsification technologies and their use for precision manufacture of emulsions for intensified processing. Generic application examples are given for single and double emulsions and microcapsules with different structure features.     

Analysis of rotating membrane emulsification performance for oil droplet production based on the Taylor vortices approach

Membrane emulsification processes generally employ a cross flow of the continuous phase in order to produce shear stress. Modification of membrane emulsification for the o/w emulsion using the rotating system has been introduced such as the use of stirred cells or a rotating tubular membrane in a stationary liquid. This paper presents an examination of membrane rotation speed on droplet characteristics. The performance of rotating membrane emulsification on o/w droplet size, the coefficient of variation, and size distribution was investigated. In addition, the operated flow regime in the rotating membrane emulsification is addressed. It has been found that overall the droplet size decreased with the increase of membrane rotation speed. The droplet size below the pore size could be produced when operating at a high rotation speed (1500?rpm). The decrease of droplet size was believed due to the action of Taylor vortices on droplet detachment. Analysis of membrane rotation speed proposed that action of Taylor vortices facilitates droplet detachment. Calculation of Taylor numbers (having a value of 0–629) confirmed that the rotating membrane emulsification produced laminar flow with vortices.     

乳状液制备新工艺——膜乳化过程实验研究

用膜乳化系统制备了Ｏ／Ｗ型乳状液,考察了乳化时间、平均膜孔径、壁面剪应力、膜两侧压差和乳化剂等因素对乳化效果的影响．实验显示,分散相液滴平均直径不随乳化时间而变化;在此条件下,该直径约是膜平均孔径的５～１２倍．随着连续相一侧壁面剪应力的增大液滴平均直径减小,但当壁面剪应力大到一定值后,减小的幅度变得很小．增大膜平均孔径和膜两侧压差都将增加分散相透过膜的通量．此外,乳化剂分子的吸附速度越快,分散相液滴平均直径越小．     

NIR‐Emitting Quantum Dot‐Encoded Microbeads through Membrane Emulsification for Multiplexed Immunoassays

NIR‐emitting CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QD‐encoded microbeads are combined with common flow cytometry with one laser for multiplexed detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). A facile one‐pot synthetic route is developed to prepare CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs with high photoluminescence quantum yield and excellent stability in liquid paraffin, and a Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique is applied to incorporate the QDs into polystyrene–maleic anhydride (PSMA) microbeads to obtain highly fluorescent QD‐encoded microbeads. The relatively wide NIR photoluminescence full width half maximum of the CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS QDs is used to develop a ‘single wavelength’ encoding method to obtain different optical codes by changing the wavelengh and emission intensity of the QDs incorporated into the microbeads. Moreover, a detection platform combining NIR‐emitting CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS QD‐encoded microbeads and Beckman Coulter FC 500 flow cytometry with one laser of 488 nm is successfully used to conduct a 2‐plex hybridization assay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and a 3‐plex hybridization assay for hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb), and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), which suggests the promising application of NIR QD‐encoded microbeads for multiplex immunoassays.     

Development of flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution using sucrose

Objective: A novel flurbiprofen-loaded nanoemulsion which gave uniform emulsion droplets with a narrow size distribution was previously reported to be prepared using membrane emulsification method. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticle with a narrow size distribution and improved bioavailability.

Method: The nanoparticle was prepared by solidifying nanoemulsion using sucrose as a carrier via spray drying method. Its physicochemical properties were investigated using SEM, DSC and PXRD. Furthermore, dissolution and bioavailability in rats were evaluated compared to a flurbiprofen-loaded commercial product.

Results: The flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticles with flurbiprofen/sucrose/surfactant mixture (1/20/2, weight ratio) gave good solidification and no stickiness. They associated with about 70?000-fold improved drug solubility and had a mean size of about 300 nm with a narrow size distribution. Flurbiprofen was present in a changed amorphous state in these nanoparticles. Moreover, the nanoparticles gave significantly shorter T_max, and higher AUC and C_max of the drug compared to the commercial product (p?0.05). In particular, they showed about nine-fold higher AUC of the drug than did the commercial product

Conclusion: These flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticles prepared with sucrose by the membrane emulsification and spray drying method would be a potential candidate for orally delivering poorly water-soluble flurbiprofen with enhanced bioavailability.     

重差分相液膜分离技术

报道了一种新的液膜分离方法 ,实践证明它具有液膜分离的优点 .克服了要求乳状液既稳定又容易破乳这一对难于调和的矛盾 ,去掉了制乳与破乳过程 ,使工艺简化并显著地节省能耗 .     

BKR—4型乳化炸药连续乳化工艺设计

文中介绍了BKR-4型乳化炸药连续乳化工艺以及设备作用,并通过对管路的设计计算和实际生产使用,为硬管管道化生产提供了可行性依据。     

预聚物对UV胶印油墨乳化率影响的研究

UV胶印油墨的乳化率对油墨的印刷适性具有重要的影响,在UV胶印油墨的各个组分中,预聚物对于油墨乳化率的影响较大.为了改变油墨中预聚物的组成配制UV胶印油墨,探讨了不同预聚物配制的UV胶印油墨的乳化性能.研究结果表明:环氧类丙烯酸酯的含量是影响UV胶印油墨乳化性能的重要因素.     

整体硬质合金刀具表面缺陷非破坏检测方法

针对整体硬质合金刀具磨削裂纹等表面缺陷的无损检测,重点分析和讨论了后乳化型荧光渗透探伤法及其在整体硬质合金刀具质量保障技术领域中的应用情况,并确定了刀具的荧光渗透检测工艺流程和工艺参数。最后对整体硬质合金刀具磨削裂纹等表面缺陷的形态分布规律进行了归纳和分析。