利用SPG膜制备O/W型乳液实验研究

利用孔径为0.6μm的SPG(Shirasu Porous Glass)多孔微滤膜,以异辛烷为分散相、pH=7的磷酸盐缓冲水溶液为连续相、以SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)和PVA(聚乙烯醇)分别为水相乳化剂和稳定剂,制备了O/W型乳液,研究了操作条件对乳液性能包括液滴大小及分布的影响关系.当跨膜压差在0.12~0.16 MPa时,连续相流速分布在0.20~0.40 m/s时,乳化剂浓度在其临界胶束浓度(CMC)之上时,乳液的单分散性较好.由于乳液具有良好的稳定性和单分散性,可用于多相界面酶催化反应.     

乳状液制备新工艺——膜乳化过程实验研究

用膜乳化系统制备了Ｏ／Ｗ型乳状液,考察了乳化时间、平均膜孔径、壁面剪应力、膜两侧压差和乳化剂等因素对乳化效果的影响．实验显示,分散相液滴平均直径不随乳化时间而变化;在此条件下,该直径约是膜平均孔径的５～１２倍．随着连续相一侧壁面剪应力的增大液滴平均直径减小,但当壁面剪应力大到一定值后,减小的幅度变得很小．增大膜平均孔径和膜两侧压差都将增加分散相透过膜的通量．此外,乳化剂分子的吸附速度越快,分散相液滴平均直径越小．     

核孔膜乳化法制备单分散壳聚糖微球

选择壳聚糖溶液为分散相,液体石蜡为连续相,首次采用核孔膜乳化方法制备壳聚糖微球.乳滴经戊二醛交联固化后所得微球球形度和单分散性良好(分散系数＜20%).主要研究了核孔膜孔径大小、油水相体积比、表面活性剂种类及用量、温度和固化时间对微球制备的影响.结果表明,膜乳化法是制备单分散微球的良好方法.     

膜乳化法制备单分散高分子微球和微囊的研究进展

膜乳化法不仅是获得高质量单分散稳定乳液的一种简单有效方法,也是制备单分散功能性微球和微囊的有效手段．着重介绍了用膜乳化法制备单分散药物载体微球和微囊、色谱柱填料微球和电子摄影调色剂微球,以及其它单分散高分子微球和微囊方面的研究成果．     

中空纤维膜膜蒸馏过程研究进展

膜蒸馏技术以其极高的截留率和温和的操作条件等优势成为膜分离技术中一个重要的分支,并成功应用于海水苦咸水淡化、工业废水处理及食品加工等领域。中空纤维膜以其高的装填密度和自支撑结构极大地降低了传质阻力,从而实现膜蒸馏过程中的高通量和高选择性。近年来,随着膜蒸馏用中空纤维膜制备技术的日益扩充和成熟,限制其工业化发展的膜蒸馏过程因素如中空纤维膜组件的设计和优化、使用过程中出现的膜表面结垢及膜污染等也逐渐得到重视。文中从中空纤维膜组件优化、膜污染、组合工艺及应用等方面综述了中空纤维膜膜蒸馏过程的研究进展,并对其膜蒸馏过程中亟待深入研究的内容和其应用前景进行了展望。     

茶树精油对乳化膜材料性能的影响

采用铸膜法制备茶树精油壳聚糖乳化膜,研究精油浓度对膜性能的影响。结果表明:茶树精油乳滴破坏了膜内部致密的结构,大大增强了乳化膜的韧性和弹性。膜的吸水性分为两阶段下降,说明精油乳滴逐渐渗入了膜的结晶区和非结晶区。而膜的透气性和红外特征峰均随精油浓度的变化呈现下降上升再下降的趋势,这反映了精油浓度对膜中氢键的形成与断裂的影响。另外,茶树精油壳聚糖膜具有一定的缓释效果和良好的抑菌效果。     

用SPG膜乳化法合成单分散性高分子微粒子

以丙烯酸酯类为聚合性单体(分散相),以含有表面活性剂的去离子水为连续相(分散介质),通过SPG膜乳化装置,先制成膜乳化波,经悬浮聚合削成了大粒径的单分散性聚合物微粒子．实验选择了孔径为1．35μm、5．25μm、9．5μm三种规格的SPG膜,制得的球型微粒子的平均粒径分别为11．43μm、28．59μm和45．92μ,单分散性均≤11．93％．对合成过程中影响微粒子性能的主要因素也进行了分析和探讨．     

丙烯酸含量、乳化工艺参数对水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯及其紫外光固化膜性能的影响

聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)兼具聚氨酯(PU)树脂和聚丙烯酸酯(PA)柔韧性优良、耐磨性、耐冲击性和粘结性好等优点,以往将其用于水性涂料的研究不多。以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)、丙烯酸(AA)为原料制备了侧链带有不同比例羧基和羟基的聚丙烯酸酯(PA),然后与聚氨酯(PU)中间体反应,在水中分散得到聚氨酯丙烯酸酯乳液(WPUA),并采用紫外光(UV)固化成膜。采用傅立叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振光谱(1HNMR)对产物结构进行了表征,考察了乳化工艺参数对乳液粒径的影响,研究了丙烯酸含量、固含量、温度对分散乳液性能的影响,确定了合适的乳化工艺,并对WPUA UV固化成膜后的物理性能进行了表征。结果表明:随着AA含量的增加,WPUA乳液黏度升高,粒径先变小后变大,漆膜亲水性增强,AA含量控制在10%～15%较宜;WPUA乳液适宜的乳化工艺为剪切速率200 r/min,时间20 min;经UV固化所得涂层的物理性能较优。     

水平管降膜蒸发器用制冷剂分布器设计参数讨论

针对水平管降膜蒸发器用筛板式制冷剂分布器的操作流量、开孔数目、开孔大小、孔口流出系数、分布均匀度等设计参数展开讨论,由此总结了制冷剂分布器各设计参数的确定方法,以及制冷剂分布器的理论设计思路;针对筛板式制冷剂分布器设计参数的讨论也适用于其他类型的分布器。     

微胶囊的制备及其应用

概述了微胶囊的制备及其应用及最近开发动向。     

Influence of controlled particle size on pore size distribution and mechanical resistance of agarose beads for bioadsorption application

ABSTRACT

In this work the influence of fabrication conditions (ion strength, surfactant utilization) on the macro- (particle size distribution, PSD) and microscopic [pore size distribution (PoSD), specific surface area] structure of agarose beads was investigated. The main purpose was achieving uniform sized and porous beads with improved mechanical strength for bioseparation and chromatography applications. Therefore, PSD, PoSD, mechanical resistance, and flux through packed bed of the fabricated beads (4, 6, and 8% wt/wt) were analyzed. Based on porosimetry results, it was found that increasing ion concentration or presence of surfactant (the key variable for narrowing PSD) decreases the span value of PSD (p-value <0.05); thus, leading to a more uniform distribution. Moreover, as a result of controlling PSD, the PoSD changes from micro- to meso- and macropores in higher ion charged solutions. Furthermore, the obtained PoSD affects mechanical resistance of the prepared microspheres either as single beads or packed in a column. Mesoporous 6%-agarose beads showed the highest flux due to elevated mechanical resistance and elastic characteristic. Mesoporous 4%-beads showed the highest elasticity, and thus lower flux through column. These results demonstrate that manipulation of both macro- and microscopic characteristics of the beads should be commensurate with the intended application i.e., bioadsorption chromatography.     

热固性酚醛树脂基微滤炭膜的制备

实验合成了球形热固性酚醛树脂微粒,并以此为原料制备了微滤炭膜.炭膜的孔径分布结果表明,在原料粒度较小的情况下,所制得的炭膜孔径分布较窄,平均孔径和气体透量较小.对几种常见的粘结剂进行了筛选,当以甲基纤维素为粘结剂时,随着甲基纤维素用量的增加,微滤炭膜的孔径分布变窄,平均孔径及气体透量减小.炭化条件中炭化终温对炭膜性能的影响较大.     

平衡双注乳化控制技术平台的开发及应用

乳剂生产的pBr参数,是决定乳剂晶体的大小,形状结构,以及晶体分布情况的关键指标,一般仪表控制的乳剂生产,pBr不能直接闭环控制,仅仅通过流量的闭环控制来间接控制。本文所阐述的平衡双注乳化控制技术平台,不仅可以实现pBr的闭环控制,还可以根据工艺配方的需求,进行流量的开环、闭环、恒流量、变流量等各种控制,满足复杂配方的控制需求。     

Development of flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution using sucrose

Objective: A novel flurbiprofen-loaded nanoemulsion which gave uniform emulsion droplets with a narrow size distribution was previously reported to be prepared using membrane emulsification method. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticle with a narrow size distribution and improved bioavailability.

Method: The nanoparticle was prepared by solidifying nanoemulsion using sucrose as a carrier via spray drying method. Its physicochemical properties were investigated using SEM, DSC and PXRD. Furthermore, dissolution and bioavailability in rats were evaluated compared to a flurbiprofen-loaded commercial product.

Results: The flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticles with flurbiprofen/sucrose/surfactant mixture (1/20/2, weight ratio) gave good solidification and no stickiness. They associated with about 70?000-fold improved drug solubility and had a mean size of about 300 nm with a narrow size distribution. Flurbiprofen was present in a changed amorphous state in these nanoparticles. Moreover, the nanoparticles gave significantly shorter T_max, and higher AUC and C_max of the drug compared to the commercial product (p?0.05). In particular, they showed about nine-fold higher AUC of the drug than did the commercial product

Conclusion: These flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticles prepared with sucrose by the membrane emulsification and spray drying method would be a potential candidate for orally delivering poorly water-soluble flurbiprofen with enhanced bioavailability.     

外加磁场下聚砜-Fe_3O_4复合超滤膜的孔径变化

以无磁性聚砜超滤膜为对照,采用液-液界面法,以水-正丁醇体系为对象,对不同磁场强度下,聚砜-Fe3O4磁性复合超滤膜的孔径变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,在不同磁场下,2张空白聚砜膜的孔径无显著变化,3张聚砜-Fe3O4复合膜的孔径变化显著且趋势相同,即0T~0.4 T时,平均孔径随场强增大而增大,0.4T~1.2T时,平均孔径随场强增大而减小。纯水通量实验结果显示,不同磁场对膜通量影响的变化趋势与所测孔径变化相吻合。     

膜的污染及其防治

本文较全面地介绍了膜在使用过程中产生污染的各种因素及防治产生污染的各种方法。     

膜生物反应器运行中的膜污染及其控制

阐述了膜生物反应器(MBR)在水处理方面的优缺点及膜污染的主要影响因素,总结了国内外关于膜污染及其数学模型的研究进展,归纳出膜污染模型的几种形式,并从膜本身的理化性质改变、混合液理化特性改善、操作条件优化等方面论述了减缓膜污染的方法及措施,介绍了几种膜清洗的方法及设计和操作过程中应注意的问题,提出了今后研究的重点和方向．