电化学沉积多晶GaAs薄膜研究

研究了电化学沉积GaAs薄膜的条件以及电化学沉积参数对GaAs薄膜成分的影响,并通过正交实验调节这些化学沉积参数,得到了化学计量接近1：1的GaAs薄膜以及电化学沉积GaAs薄膜的最佳参数范围,为获得实用的GaAs薄膜材料打下了基础。     

直流放电辅助脉冲激光沉积Si基GaN薄膜的结构特征

采用直流放电辅助脉冲激光沉积技术,在Si(111)衬底上生长了Ga N薄膜.XRD、AFM、PL 和Hall测量的结果表明在2～2 0 Pa沉积气压范围内,提高沉积气压有利提高Ga N薄膜的结晶质量;在15 0～2 2 0 m J/ Pluse入射激光脉冲强度范围内,随着入射激光脉冲强度的提高,Ga N薄膜表面结构得到改善.研究发现,在70 0℃衬底温度、2 0 Pa的沉积气压和2 2 0 m J/ Pluse的入射激光脉冲强度的优化工艺条件下,所沉积生长的Ga N薄膜具有良好的结构质量和光电性能.     

GaAs同质外延生长过程的RHEED分析

采用激光分子束外延方法(L-MBE),在GaAs(001)衬底上同质外延GaAs薄膜。利用反射式高能电子衍射(RHEED)研究了材料沉积过程中的各级条纹及其强度的变化,进而得出GaAs薄膜外延生长的适宜激光能量和沉积温度分别为500 mJ和570℃。RHEED强度随时间的变化曲线表明,GaAs为良好的层状外延生长模式,并随着沉积时间延长,层状生长模式逐渐向岛状模式转变。实验研究还表明层状生长的GaAs薄膜经表面弛豫后,可以得到更好的平整表面,并出现GaAs(001)-(2×4)的表面重构。原位X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)研究表明沿(001)面外延的GaAs薄膜表面Ga∶As化学计量比约为52∶48,出现Ga的聚集。     

溅射ZnO薄膜钝化GaAs表面性能的研究

为了改善GaAs(110)与自身 氧化物界面由于高表面态密度而引起的费米能级钉扎(pinning)问题 ,提出采用射频磁控溅射技 术在GaAs(110)衬底上沉积一定厚度 ZnO薄膜作为钝化层,并利用光 致发光(PL)光谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS) 等方法对ZnO薄膜的光学特性及钝化性能进行表征。实验结果表明,经ZnO薄膜钝化后的 GaAs样品,其本征PL峰强度提高112.5%,杂质峰强度下降82.4%。XPS光谱分析表明,Ga和As原子的比值从1.47降低 到0.94,ZnO钝化层能 够抑制Ga和As的氧化物形成。因此,在GaAs表面沉积ZnO薄膜是一种可行的GaAs表面钝化 方法。     

粗糙GaAs(001)表面对In015Ga085As薄膜生长的影响

通过改变衬底降温速率的方法利用分子束外延(MBE)和扫描隧道显微镜(STM)联合系统制备了不同形貌的GaAs(001)表面。采用SPIP软件测量统计和Bauer定则理论分析,研究了粗糙GaAs(001)表面对In015Ga085As薄膜生长的影响。结果表明粗糙GaAs(001)表面存在大量的岛和坑,表面能增加,易于In015Ga085As薄膜层状生长形成平整表面。经计算,面积为100×100 nm2的粗糙GaAs(001)表面相对平坦GaAs(001)表面,其表面能增加了4.6×103 eV,大于生长厚度为15 ML的In015Ga085As薄膜应变能(2.3×103 eV),说明In015Ga085As薄膜在粗糙GaAs(001)表面的外延生长模式为层状生长。     

键合方法研制InAsP/InGaAsP量子阱1.3μm垂直腔面发射激光器

设计并研制了由InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱有源层、SiO2/TiO2介质薄膜和GaAs/Al(Ga)As半导体分布布拉格反射镜(DBR)构成的垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL).采用直接键合技术实现InP基有源层与GaAs基DBR的晶片融合,并经过侧向湿法腐蚀定义电流限制孔径和沉积介质薄膜DBR等关键器件工艺,研制出InAsP/InGaAsP量子阱垂直腔面发射激光器,其阈值电流为13.5mA,单模激射波长为1288.6nm.     

GaAs衬底上等离子体增强原子层沉积GaN薄膜

采用等离子体增强原子层沉积(PEALD)技术在斜切的砷化镓(GaAs)衬底上低温沉积了氮化镓(GaN)薄膜,对生长过程、表面机制以及界面特性等进行分析,得到GaN在215～270℃的温度窗口内生长速度(Growth-Per-Cycle, GPC)为0.082 nm/cycle,并从表面反应动力学和热力学方面对GPC的变化进行了分析。研究发现,生长的GaN薄膜为多晶,具有六方纤锌矿结构,且出现(103)结晶取向。在GaN/GaAs界面处观察到约1 nm厚的非晶层,这可能与生长前衬底表面活性位点的限制和前驱体的空间位阻效应有关。值得注意的是,在沉积的GaN薄膜中,所有的N皆与Ga以Ga-N键结合生成GaN,但是存在少部分Ga形成了Ga-O键和Ga-Ga键。这种成键方式,可能与GaN薄膜中存在的缺陷和杂质有关。     

GaAs表面处理及其椭圆偏振仪、俄歇电子能谱与X-光电子谱的特性测定

用椭圆偏振仪、俄歇电子能谱仪(AES)和X-光电子谱仪(XPS)等对经pH=7±0.05的H_2O_2-NH_40H溶液化学腐蚀或用NH_4OH:H_20=1:10和HCl:H_2O=1:1进行清洗后的GaAs表面残余氧化层厚度、折射率、纵向组分分布和Ga(3d)与As(3d)结合能变化等进行测定.三者实验结果对应很好.化学腐蚀后的GaAs表面有一层氧化物层,然后是氧化物与GaAs混合的过渡层,直至GaAs衬底.从NH_4OH:H_2O=1:10清洗后GaAs表面残余氧化层厚度,表面C吸附量和Ga/As的波动看,它均比用HCl:H_2O=1:1清洗为优,故用它作为GaAs在化学腐蚀后的清洗是可取的.     

半导体与微电子技术

0605770 具有GaAsN/GaAs超晶格的量子级联异质结构In0． 4Ga0．6As/GaAs量子点内次级电致发光=Intersublev- el electroluminescence from In0．4Ga0．6As/GaAs quan-     

键合方法研制InAsP/InGaAsP量子阱1.3μm垂直腔面发射激光器

设计并研制了由InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱有源层、SiO2/TiO2介质薄膜和GaAs/Al(Ga)As半导体分布布拉格反射镜（DBR）构成的垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL) . 采用直接键合技术实现InP基有源层与GaAs基DBR的晶片融合,并经过侧向湿法腐蚀定义电流限制孔径和沉积介质薄膜DBR等关键器件工艺,研制出InAsP/InGaAsP量子阱垂直腔面发射激光器,其阈值电流为13.5mA,单模激射波长为1288.6nm.     

Al_xGa_(1-x)As/GaAs调制掺杂结构的MBE优化工艺生长

通过对MBE工艺中影响GaAs和AlGaAs材料质量的生长关键工艺实验研究,优化了MBE生长AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs调制掺杂结构工艺。用GEN-ⅡMBE设备生长AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs调制掺杂结构材料,得到了高质量的AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs调制掺杂结构材料。用范德堡法研究材料特性,得到材料参数的典型值:二维电子气浓度在室温时为5.6×1011cm-2,电子迁移率为6000cm2/V·s;在77K低温时浓度达3.5×1011cm-2,电子迁移率为1.43×105cm2/V·s。用C-V法测量其浓度分布表明,分布曲线较陡。典型的器件应用结果为:单管室温直流跨导达280mS/mm,在12GHz时均有8dB以上的增益。     

Carbon reduction in triethylarsenic-grown GaAs films using chemically activated arsine as a co-reagent

N-type gallium arsenide films grown from triethylarsenic (Et₃As) and trimethylgallium (Me₃Ga) are generally of poor quality (μ_77K(max) = 16,100 cm²/V-s) and are severely contaminated with carbon (>10¹⁸ cm⁻³), whereas films grown using a mixture of triethylarsenic and arsine (AsH₃) with Me₃Ga are typically of high purity (β_77K(max) = 60,000 cm²/V-s) and contain significantly reduced carbon levels (~mid-10¹⁵ cm^-3). These differences in film purity are due to the inherent growth chemistry of each reagent mixture. The respective growth chemistries of these reagent systems have been inferred from a series of decomposition experiments carried out under pseudo-growth conditions, and the differences in growth chemistry are consistent with the differences in corresponding epilayer purity. Triethylarsenic appears to decompose primarily via a bond homolysis reaction to generate alkyl-containing radical species, which can react with a growing GaAs epilayer to cause severe carbon contamination. In the Et₃As/AsH₃ coreagent system, the Et₃As reagent decomposes to produce these alkyl-containing radical intermediates, but they then apparently react further with the arsine co-reagent to generate reactive arsenic hydride radicals under relatively facile conditions. These reactive arsenic-hydride radical species can contribute to the GaAs growth process without introducing carbon into the resultant films.     

Influence of Ga vs As prelayers on GaAs/Ge growth morphology

The surface morphology of GaAs films grown on Ge substrates is studied by scanning force microscopy. We find a dramatic difference arising from Ga as opposed to As prelayers in the formation of anti-phase boundaries (APBs), surface features near threading dislocations, and surface roughness, for films as thick as 1 μm. Ga prelayer samples are smooth; thin films display some APBs with predominantly one growth domain while the 1 μm thick film displays the morphology of a homoepitaxial GaAs film. In contrast, As prelayer samples are rough with complicated APB structures, which can be attributed to the increase in single steps during As₂ deposition.     

Structural characterization of Ti and Pt thin films on GaAs(100) substrate

In an attempt to understand the Schottky barrier behavior of Ti/Pt/GaAs and Pt/Ti/ GaAs bimetal Schottky diodes, we have investigated the interfacial morphology of Ti and Pt thin films on GaAs(l00) substrate. The characterization was based on coverage profiling of Auger electron spectroscopy in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy. Emphasis was placed on film uniformity and atomic interdiffusion. The results showed Ga and As outdiffusion in Pt/GaAs interface and some oxygen incorporated in Ti film, but no evidence of clustering for both metal/GaAs systems.     

Implanation de sélénium dans le Ga1?xAlxAs (Implanation of selenium into Ga1?xAlxAs

Par implantation d'ions de sélénium, de fines couches de type n sont obtenues dans le Ga0.71 Al0.29As. Pour les faibles doses, I'activité électrique est proche de 100%, et I'effet de l'implantation est comparable pour le GaAs et le Ga1?x Alx As. Les mêmes resultats sont obtenus en utilisant du Si3N4 ou de l'AIN comme film de protection. By implantation of selenium ions, thin n-type layers are obtained in Ga0.71Al0.29As. For small doses, the electrical activity is close to 100%. and the effect of the implantation is comparable for GaAs and Ga1?x AlxAs. The same results are obtained when using Si3N4 or AlN as a protective film.     

Anti-phase domain-free growth of GaAs on offcut (001) Ge wafers by molecular beam epitaxy with suppressed Ge outdiffusion

The nucleation and growth of GaAs films on offcut (001) Ge wafers by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is investigated, with the objective of establishing nucleation conditions which reproducibly yield GaAs films which are free of antiphase domains (APDs) and which have suppressed Ge outdiffusion into the GaAs layer. The nucleation process is monitored by in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. Several nucleation variables are studied, including the state of the initial Ge surface (single-domain 2×1 or mixed-domain 2×1:1×2), the initial prelayer (As, Ga, or mixed), and the initial GaAs growth temperature (350 or 500°C). Conditions are identified which simultaneously produce APD-free GaAs layers several microns in thickness on Ge wafers with undetectable Ge outdiffusion and with surface roughness equivalent to that of GaAs/GaAs homoepitaxy. APD-free material is obtained using either As or Ga nucleation layers, with the GaAs domain dependent upon the initial exposure chemical species. Key growth steps for APD-free GaAs/Ge growth by solid source MBE include an epitaxial Ge buffer deposited in the MBE chamber to bury carbon contamination from the underlying Ge wafer, an anneal of the Ge buffer at 640°C to generate a predominantly double atomic-height stepped surface, and nucleation of GaAs growth by a ten monolayer migration enhanced epitaxy step initiated with either pure As or Ga. We identify this last step as being responsible for blocking Ge outdiffusion to below 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ within 0.5 microns of the GaAs/Ge interface.     

(Ga,Mn)As on patterned GaAs(0 0 1) substrates: Growth and magnetotransport

A new type of (Ga,Mn)As microstructures with laterally confined electronic and magnetic properties has been realized by growing (Ga,Mn)As films on -oriented ridge structures with (1 1 3)A sidewalls and (0 0 1) top layers prepared on GaAs(0 0 1) substrates. The temperature- and field-dependent magnetotransport data of the overgrown structures are compared with those obtained from planar reference samples revealing the coexistence of electronic and magnetic properties specific for (0 0 1) and (1 1 3)A (Ga,Mn)As on a single sample.