吸附EDTA活性炭的电化学再生(英文)

采用吸附饱和EDTA的活性炭作为三维电极反应器中的粒子电极,多次使用后采用电化学方法对其再生。通过对吸附饱和EDTA的活性炭和多次电解使用后的活性炭的红外光谱谱图的分析得出,EDTA被活性炭吸附后产生甘氨酸H2NCH2COOH,通过N—H键生成一种永久性占据活性炭活性点的非催化活性缔合物,导致其催化活性消失,降解效率下降。采用电解方法使活性炭再生,得出活性炭的最佳活化条件为:电流100～300mA,溶液电导率1.39mS/cm,pH值6.0～8.0,电解1h可以使活性炭恢复活性,电解后有机物的残余TOC浓度低于10mg/L(初始浓度为200mg/L)。     

Electrochemical characteristics of hydrothermally deposited nickel hydroxide on multi-walled carbon nanotube for supercapacitor electrode

Supercapacitor performance of nickel hydroxide powder electrode with different carbon conductor and nickel hydroxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite electrode had been studied by cyclic voltammetic method in 6 M KOH solution. Active carbon, Superp, Ketjen Black and multi-walled carbon nanotube were used as carbon conductor in nickel hydroxide powder electrode. It showed that multi-walled carbon nanotube conductor can bring good performance for nickel hydroxide powder supercapacitor electrode. Moreover, nickel hydroxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite was fabricated by hydrothermal method, using as supercapacitor electrode. Our findings show that 10 wt% nickel hydroxide loading on multi-walled carbon nanotube has good power performance. The capacitances for 10 wt% nickel hydroxide loading amount at high scan rate 100 and 500 mV/s were 221 and 118 F/g, respectively. Nickel hydroxide evenly loaded onto multi-walled carbon nanotube composite electrode has good conductivity and can contribute more capacitance.     

Uniform and Homogeneous Growth of Copper Nanoparticles on Electrophoretically Deposited Carbon Nanotubes Electrode for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor

The multiwalled carbon nanotubes thin-film-based electrode was fabricated by electrophoretic deposition and modified with copper(Cu) nanoparticles to fabricate Cu/CNTs nanocomposite sensor for nonenzymatic glucose detection.The expensive glassy carbon electrode was replaced by fluorine-doped tin oxide glass containing CNTs film to confine the Cu nanoparticles growth by electrodeposition through cyclic voltammetry(CV). The ultraviolet visible and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the successful deposition of Cu nanoparticles on the CNTs-modified electrode. The atomic force microscopy images confirmed the morphology of electrodeposited Cu on CNTs film as uniformly dispersed particles.The electrocatalytic activity of electrode to the glucose oxidation was investigated in alkaline medium by CV and amperometric measurements. The fabricated sensor exhibited a fast response time of less than 5 s and the sensitivity of 314μA mM~(-1)cm~(-2)with linear concentration range(0.02–3.0 mM) having detection limit 10.0μM. Due to simple preparation of sensor, Cu/CNTs nanocomposite electrodes are a suitable candidate for reliable determination of glucose with good stability.     

Platinum-polyaniline-modified carbon fiber electrode for the electrooxidation of methanol

Platinum was electrodeposited onto a polyaniline-modified carbon fiber electrode by the cyclic voltammetric method in sulfuric acid, which may enable an increase in the level of platinum utilization currently achieved in electrocatalytic systems. This electrode preparation consists of a two-step procedure: fLrst electropolymerization of aniline onto carbon fiber and then electrodeposition of platinum. The catalytic activity of the platinum-polyaniline-modified carbon fiber electrode (Pt/PAni/C) was compared with that of a bare carbon fiber electrode (Pt/C) by the oxidation of methanol. The maximum oxidation current of methanol on Pt/PAni/C is 50.7 mA.cm^-2, which is 6.7 times higher than 7.6 mA.cm^-2 on the Pt/C.Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the dispersion of the platinum particles of about 0.4μm.     

氧化镍柔性自支撑电极材料的电化学性能研究

制备具有优异界面结构和电子/离子传质能力的柔性电极材料是解决高性能电化学活性物质由体积膨胀引起材料粉化和从集流体剥落难题的关键。一种独特的工艺实现了高性能过渡金属氧化物（氧化镍）内嵌碳纤维柔性织物电极的一步制备,所制备的活性物质免于使用导电剂、粘结剂和集流体直接用于锂离子电池负极材料的组装。得益于氧化镍超高的理论比容量,活性碳纤维基体材料低维特性和良好的内应力分散率,制备的复合织物电极展现出良好的电化学性能,一维氧化镍/碳纳米纤维（NiO-CNF）复合柔性电极较纯氧化镍（NiO NF）纤维电极材料具有更卓越的循环耐久性和倍率性能,NiO-CNF和NiO NF在0.5C倍率循环200次分别具有418 mAh·g-1和242 mAh·g-1的可逆容量,良好的电化学性质归因于复合柔性电极的交联结构提供的优异扩散动力学和应力缓冲。     

Gold nanoparticle/double-walled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode and its application

A sensor based on gold nanoparticle/double-walled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode is prepared. Electrochemical behavior of dopamine hydrochloride at gold nanoparticle/double-walled carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode is investigated. A simple, sensitive, and inexpensive method for determination of dopamine hydrochloride is proposed.     

Effect of sulfur electrode composition on the electrochemical property of lithium/PEO/sulfur battery

The lithium/sulfur cell is very attractive because of its high theoretical specific capacity and low production cost. The sulfur electrode is prepared from sulfur, with carbon as an electronic conductor and PEO as an ionic conductor. We changed the carbon content of a 50 wt.% sulfur electrode from 10 wt.% to 40 wt.%. The lithium/PEO/sulfur cell showed two plateau potential regions (2.4 V, 2.1 V) and high discharge capacity, i.e., 1484 mAh/g (88% utilization) for optimum composition. The discharge capacity decreased drastically by charge-discharge cycling. The degradation rate as well as the first discharge capacity depended on the composition of the sulfur electrode. The optimum composition of the 50 wt.% sulfur electrode was 30 wt.% carbon and 20% PEO.     

ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON CARBON NANOTUBE FILM WITH DIFFERENT PRETREATMENTS

Wide potential windows were found at carbon nanotube film electrodes in neutral solutions after being treated with nitric acid and mixed acid. Electrochemical reversibility was investigated at carbon nanotube films with different pretreatments for ferri/ferrocyanide and quinone /hydroquinone. Carbon nanotube film electrodes presented quasi-reversible electrochemical behavior for both electrolytes. In the range of scan rate, carbon nanotube film electrodes treated with acids showed heterogeneous electron-transfer properties, which was mainly controlled by its electron state density on the surface of the film. On the whole, the carbon nanotube electrode with nitric acid treatment presented the best electrochemical behaviors, so we chose it as an analytical electrode to determine the trace compound in dilute solution. The results demonstrated that this new electrode material exhibits superior performance characteristics for the detection of azide anion.     

An electrochemical study of the synthesis and properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly ortho aminophenol composites

Composites of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly ortho aminophenol (POAP) with good uniformity for use as electrodes in electrochemical capacitors were prepared by electropolymerization by using the ionic surfactant as electrolyte, for dispersing CNTs within conducting polymer/carbon nanotube composite films. The capacitance properties were investigated with cyclic voltammetry (CV), discharge tests and ac impedance spectroscopy. The composite electrode shows much higher specific capacitance, better power characteristics and is more promising for application in the capacitor than a pure POAP electrode. The effect and role of MWCNT in the composite electrode are discussed in detail. In comparison with a Ni–POAP/glassy carbon (GC), a Ni–MWCNT–POAP/GC electrode shows a better catalytic performance for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol.     

Porous carbon nanotube electrodes supported by natural polymeric membranes for PEMFC

A new type of porous multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) electrode with a macroporous networking inner-structure was prepared. First, the MWCNTs were homogeneously introduced inside and outside of a bacterial cellulose membrane with a 3D inter-connected network structure using ultrasound treatment and vacuum filtration in order to form the GDL. Second, the CL was formed on the surface of the GDL through vacuum filtration of the Pt incorporated MWCNTs (Pt/MWCNTs). Finally, the electrode was created through freeze-drying. The final electrode had a sheet resistance of 80 Ω/□ and an electro-chemical active surface area (ECSA) of 10.1 m²/g. Although the ECSA of the electrode did not have the efficiency (14.3 m²/g) of a typical electrode (carbon cloth/Pt/carbon black), these results suggested that the new type of electrode has potential as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.     

三聚氰胺甲醛-乙二胺四草酰乙酸/纳米碳管复合物修饰电极测定重金属离子Pb（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）

采用超声法一步合成了三聚氰胺-甲醛-乙二胺四草酰乙酸螯合树脂/纳米碳管复合物。采用红外光谱、场发射扫描电镜及电化学技术表征了材料的特性。该复合物修饰充蜡石墨电极被成功应用于水溶液中重金属离子Pb（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）的同时测定,检测限分别为1×10-10、1×10-8和5×10-8 mol.L-1（3σ）。     

氧化钌／活性炭超级电容器电极材料的研制

文描述了一种氧化钌／活性炭复合电极材料的制备方法，并对不同条件下制备的材料的循环伏安特性、交流阻抗特性进行了比较。使用该复合材料组装的模拟电化学超级电容器单电极比容量达到359F／g，远高于普通活性炭材料。与氧化钌电极材料相比，氧化钌／活性炭复合材料的高功率放电特性则有了明显的提高。     

Corrosion Behaviour of Carbon Steel Fasteners in Neutral Chloride Solution

An experimental model for simulating the corrosion of carbon steel fasteners (bolt and nut) composed of a contact carbon steel electrode (CCSE) and an exposed bare carbon steel plate electrode (BCSE) was designed. The effect of coupling on the corrosion process of the galvanically coupled carbon steel electrode was evaluated and compared with the self-corrosion process observed independently at the exposed and contact regions. Results obtained indicated that at an equal area ratio and uncoupled conditions, the corrosion rate is accelerated in the surface directly exposed to bulk solution compared to the bolt surface in contact with the nut. A coupling current was recorded when the exposed surface (BCSE) was electrically connected with the contact surface (CCSE); with the CCSE acting as the anode thereby suppressing the corrosion process in the exposed surface. By implication, the galvanic coupling between CCSE and BCSE increased the corrosion rate of CCSE. The difference in oxygen supply was responsible for the coupling effect observed in the system as there was no decrease in the solution pH. Moreover, varying the cathode-to-anode area (S_c/S_a) ratio significantly influenced the corrosion current density as increased S_c/S_a ratio resulted in an accelerated galvanic corrosion process. The corroded surfaces and interfaces were analysed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffractometry was adopted for corrosion product characterization. The results obtained showed supportive evidence of the corrosion behaviour in carbon steel fasteners.     

金属在流动氯化物体系中流动腐蚀的EIS研究

流动氯化物体系中碳钢、双相钢电极的电化学阻抗谱（EIS）明显不同,随着流速增大,电极表面受到的切应力增大,反应阻抗减小,电化学腐蚀加速,协同效应增强,结果使电极流动腐蚀速度增加,与碳钢相比,双相钢电极在较高流速下其电化学阻抗谱才在低频区发生特征变化,证明了曹楚南提出的不可逆电极阻抗谱理论同样适用于流动腐蚀过程中电极过程的研究,揭示了在流动体系中,当电极表面受到足够大的切应力作用时,在低频区电极电化学阻抗谱会发生特征改变,其中,电化学阻抗谱的低频感抗弧特征预示着在流动腐蚀过程中,受到强力流体力学作用的电极表面会改变其常规的溶解速度和溶解机制,同时表面伴随有坑、点局部腐蚀的发生,在此情况下,钝态金属电极的电化学阻抗谱进一步反映了电极表面受到固体颗粒摩擦或撞击的阻抗谱特征。     

苯并三唑对碳钢/铜合金电偶腐蚀行为的影响

目的 研究NaCl溶液中苯并三唑(BTA)对碳钢/铜合金电偶腐蚀行为的影响.方法 使用丝束电极(WBE)技术和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究在未添加和添加BTA的NaCl溶液中,丝束电极表面的电位分布、电流密度分布和电化学阻抗谱演化,同时对比分析碳钢区域与铜合金区域的阻抗谱特征.结果 在未添加BTA的条件下浸泡72 h...     

WBE联合LP技术研究海水/海泥界面碳钢的腐蚀行为

利用阵列电极技术捕获了在不同浸泡时间下每个微电极与其它99个微电极整体的电偶电流,分析获得了海水/海泥界面附近阴、阳极分布区域的变化规律;利用线性极化和电化学阻抗技术对垂直海水/海泥界面的一行微电极进行测试,获得了距海水/海泥界面不同距离的微电极的腐蚀电流、腐蚀电位,并观察了腐蚀形貌,探讨了其腐蚀机理。结果表明：平行于海水/海泥界面的海泥区域为电偶腐蚀阳极区、对应的海水区域为电偶腐蚀阴极区域;海水/海泥界面区金属的腐蚀是由电位差、溶解氧浓度、海泥阻抗等多因素控制;腐蚀主要区域是近海水/海泥界面的海泥区域及远海水/海泥界面的海水区域。海水中较高浓度的氧促进了腐蚀产物的致密化,而海泥中缺氧环境及微生物抑制了腐蚀产物的致密化。     

Nano-SnO_2 Decorated Carbon Cloth as Flexible,Self-supporting and Additive-Free Anode for Sodium/Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this study,nano-sized SnO_2 decorated on carbon cloth(SnO_2/CC) is prepared through a simple and facile solid method.The nano-sized SnO_2 is uniformly distributed on the surface of carbon fibers in carbon cloth,providing sufficient free space to relieve volume expansion and reduce electrode pulverization during cycling.The as-prepared SnO_2/CC as a flexible,self-supporting and additive-free anode electrode for sodium-ion/lithium-ion batteries(SIBs/LIBs) can demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performance.SnO_2/CC after annealing at 350℃(SC-350) as an anode for SIBs can deliver a reversible capacity of 0.587 mA h cm~(-2) at the current density of 0.3 mA cm~(-2) after 100 cycles.In addition,when cycling at 1.5 mA cm~(-2),SC-350 can maintain 1.69 mA h cm~(-2) after 500 cycles when used as LIB anode.These results illustrate that the as-prepared SnO_2/CC can be a promising flexible anode material for flexible SIBs/LIBs and provide a simple and practical method for designing new flexible electrode materials.     

Carbon nanofiber assisted micro electro discharge machining of reaction-bonded silicon carbide

Carbon nanofiber assisted micro electro discharge machining was proposed and experiments were performed on reaction-bonded silicon carbide. The changes in electro discharging behavior, material removal rate, electrode wear ratio, electrode geometry, spark gap, surface finish, surface topography and surface damage with carbon nanofiber concentration were examined. It has been found that the addition of carbon nanofiber not only improves the electro discharge frequency, material removal rate, discharge gap, but also reduces the electrode wear and electrode tip concavity. Bidirectional material migrations between the electrode and the workpiece surface were detected, and the migration behavior was strongly suppressed by carbon nanofiber addition. Adhesion of carbon nanofibers to the workpiece surface occurs, which contributes to the improvement of electro discharge machinability. These findings provide possibility for high-efficiency precision manufacturing of microstructures on ultra-hard ceramic materials.     

恒电量法快速评价气相缓蚀剂的研究

采用自制的固体三电极体系，将恒电量仪与微计算机联机进行在线测量，测得了４５钢、１８－８不锈钢和Ｈ６２黄铜在几种气相缓蚀剂中的Ｒｐ、Ｃｄ、Ｒ４和Ｃｆ值，进而评价了它们的缓蚀效率，并把测定结果与失重法进行了比较。     

高锰钢与高碳钢焊接专用焊条的研制

采用Ｈ０８Ａ焊芯,通过药皮过渡有益合金的方式,研制高锰钢辙叉与高碳钢钢轨焊接的专用焊条,通过相关标准检验,达到了使用要求。