深海微流发电系统设计及试验

深海微流发电系统采用辅助启动及非接触传动等技术,将深海超低流速海流动能转化为电能最终为深海仪器设备提供电能补充。发电机系统原理样机经实验室及拖曳水池试验测试,结果显示系统能在0.1 m/s流速下可靠地发出电能,其原理的正确性及可行性得到全面验证,为工程样机的研制及应用奠定基础。     

海流能利用技术研究进展与展望

首先介绍了海流能的定义、成因和我国海流能资源的分布情况,在此基础上,指出海流能的主要利用方式是发电,然后介绍了国内外利用海流能发电的发展进程.从海流能发电站、发电装置和所涉及的一些关键问题等方面阐述了海流能发电技术的研究现状,最后对海流能开发技术的发展趋势和前沿技术进行了展望,指出未来的海流能发电将向大型化发展.     

海洋能源发电

海洋能源发电依其能量转换方式的不同,可分为海流发电（Marine Currents）、波浪能（Wave Energy）、潮汐能（Tidal Energy）、海洋温差能（Ocean Thermal EnergyConversion）等。海流是海洋中稳定存在的恒流,从能源转换的观点来看,     

适合与风力发电结合的波浪能及海流能共同发电型式探讨

  [目的]  为了研究波浪能发电、海流能发电与海上风力发电结合的可能性和可行性,  [方法]  通过分析波浪能及海流能发电的设备型式和技术水平,提出三者共同发电的结合方式;通过分析福建省海上风能、波浪能和海洋能的自然条件,结合海上风电项目所处的独特地理位置,  [结果]  梳理出适合与波浪能、海流能发电结合的海上风电项目,并提出下一阶段工作需要关注的问题。  [结论]  提出综合开发海洋能源、提高用海效率的一种新思路,成为今后综合开发海上能源的新的研究方向。     

海流能开发利用技术发展及关键技术思考

主要介绍了海流能的可利用价值,并在此基础上阐述了国内外海流能发电装置的研究进展。从叶片、功率控制方式、自对流方式、传动方式以及安装维修等方面简述了世界各国对海流能发电装置关键技术的改进措施,并提出了目前开发利用海流能仍需解决的一些关键技术问题。     

低流速海流能样机设计与海试研究

对低流速海流能发电技术经行预研究,在研究的基础上试制一台直径2.2 m的海流能样机,并在舟山海域完成海试。海试结果表明,样机达到在流速1 m/s时输出500 W额定功率的设计目标。通过此次样机试验,发现低流速条件下海流能发电技术遇到的新问题,也可为未来进一步深入的研究积累经验。     

基于AMESim的海流能发电装置液压传动系统的建模与仿真

通过对海流能发电装置液压传动系统的研究,建立了系统主要模块的数学模型,并基于AMESim软件平台构建了海流能发电装置液压传动系统的仿真模型,在Matlab/Simulink中设计了控制器模型,进行了联合仿真。联合仿真结果表明:采用容积调速控制可以实现海流能发电装置的变速恒频控制,从而实现能量的最大捕获和输出功率稳定。     

集成多种能源的混合式海洋温差能发电系统研究

目前海洋温差能发电方式存在效率低、工程建设难度大等问题,针对这些问题提出一种海洋能综合发电系统。方案以海洋温差能发电为基础,将太阳能、风能和海流能等多种新能源发电方式融入到系统中,并对该方案的基本原理和工作过程进行分析,举例对系统能耗和产物进行了计算,从结果可看出该系统具有明显优势,可提高系统整体能源利用率。     

适度发展能源补充型光伏发电

简要介绍了国际国内及上海有关光伏发电的发展及政策,结合案例,对发展能源补充型光伏发电提出了若干建议。     

第八讲广阔无尽的海洋能

海洋能是指蕴藏在海洋中的可再生能源,它包括潮汐能、波浪能、潮流能、海流能.海洋能以海水温度差能和海水盐度差能等不同的能源形态存在.海洋能按储存能量的形式可分为机械能、热能和化学能,其中潮汐能、波浪能、海流能、潮流能为机械能,海水温度差能为热能,海水盐度差能为化学能.海洋能技术是指将海洋能转换成为电能或机械能的技术.     

深海漂浮能源中心的风浪流联合试验装置

深海漂浮式能源中心的安装海域环境恶劣,其所受各种载荷多且复杂,为降低开发风险与成本,海洋工程水池实验被广泛应用于其各项研究中.提出了一种新型的风浪流联合试验系统用以对深海漂浮式能源中心进行试验研究,并介绍了该系统的各子系统及该装置可以进行的各种试验项目.该试验系统可以模拟深海条件下的风、浪、流,从而进行风力机浮台响应特性的测量与系泊拉力特性的研究.这对于深海漂浮式能源中心的研究具有非常重要的作用.     

潮流发电技术的发展现状及趋势

介绍了潮流发电的基本原理和关键技术,对国内外潮流发电的关键设备水轮机的发展和成果进行了评述,分析了今后潮流发电技术的发展趋势。潮流发电作为一种最新的可再生新能源利用技术,具有很好的发展前景。     

A review of marine renewable energy storage

Marine renewable energies are promising enablers of a cleaner energy future. Some technologies, like wind, are maturing and have already achieved commercial success. Similar to their terrestrial counterparts, marine renewable energy systems require energy storage capabilities to achieve the flexibility of the 21st century grid demand. The unique difficulties imposed by a harsh marine environment challenge the unencumbered rise of marine renewable energy generation and storage systems. In this study, the fundamentals of marine renewable energy generation technologies are briefed. A comprehensive review and comparison of state‐of‐the‐art novel marine renewable energy storage technologies, including pumped hydro storage (PHS), compressed air energy storage (CAES), battery energy storage (BES), hydrogen energy storage (HES), gravity energy storage (GES), and buoyancy energy storage (ByES), are conducted. The pros and cons, and potential applications, of various marine renewable energy storage technologies are also compiled. Finally, several future trends of marine renewable energy storage technologies are connoted.     

海上储能技术发展动态与前景

海洋拥有巨大的能源资源潜力,而储能技术是新能源革命的关键,推动海上储能技术发展势在必行。本文首先阐述了海上储能技术的出现与发展,以风电、锂电、多能互补技术在海上储能的实际应用为例,介绍了储能技术从陆地到海洋的技术转移模式。其次列举了能够利用海水特点、适应海洋环境的储能技术与形式。海水运动虽复杂多变却蕴含丰富的能量,纳米发电机能够对海水运动能量进行有效收集。最后从长期、短期、应用场景三方面展望了海上储能技术的发展前景,总结指出海上储能技术在清洁开发利用海洋能源中的重要性以及推进海上储能技术发展在新能源革命时代的必要性。     

Levelised costs of Wave and Tidal energy in the UK: Cost competitiveness and the importance of “banded” Renewables Obligation Certificates

In this paper, publicly available cost data are used to calculate the private levelised costs of two marine energy technologies for UK electricity generation: Wave and Tidal Stream power. These estimates are compared to those for ten other electricity generation technologies whose costs were identified by the UK Government (DTI, 2006). Under plausible assumptions for costs and performance, point estimates of the levelised costs of Wave and Tidal Stream generation are £190 and £81/MWh, respectively. Sensitivity analysis shows how these relative private levelised costs calculations are affected by variation in key parameters, specifically the assumed capital costs, fuel costs and the discount rate. We also consider the impact of the introduction of technology-differentiated financial support for renewable energy on the cost competitiveness of Wave and Tidal Stream power. Further, we compare the impact of the current UK government support level to the more generous degree of assistance for marine technologies that is proposed by the Scottish government.     

Maximum efficiency point tracking for an ocean thermal energy harvesting system

Limited energy is the most critical factor that restricts the persistent presence of underwater vehicles in the oceans; thus, harvesting the ocean's thermal energy that is stored in the water column between the sea surface and deep water is a particularly promising solution for the current power shortage. This paper has designed a new ocean thermal energy conversion system which using phase change material as energy storage medium, and proposed a novel maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT) method for energy conversion. This new method, which is integrated with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the proportion integration differentiation (PID) control method, could effectively improve the efficiency of energy conversion. Compared with the power generation system that does not use the MEPT method, experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the efficiency of the power generation from less than 19.05% to more than 34.3% and has higher stability (using this method: the efficiency changes from 34.3%-34.7%; without using this method: the efficiency changes from 13.56% -19.05%) when the load changes. This novel method can be used in many conditions, especially when the mathematical model of the generation system is unknown or researchers want to use fewer sensors for maximum efficiency point tracking.     

美国波浪能发电场建设对中国波浪能的启示

美国海域波浪资源丰富,在波浪能开发及利用方面开展了许多卓有成效的工作,值得借鉴和参考。通过分析美国地理环境特点、气候环境特点、波浪能资源分布特点,获得了美国波浪能资源概况;通过分析美国能源使用情况、波浪能资源开发现状及规划,掌握了美国波浪能的开发政策及方向;通过归纳波浪能发电场建设的关键因素、现状,阐述了建设波浪能发电场的意义。最后,总结了美国波浪能发电场的建设经验,得出了对中国建设波浪能发电场的几点启示。     

Research priorities for assessing potential impacts of emerging marine renewable energy technologies: Insights from developments in Wales (UK)

The marine renewable energy industry is expanding globally in response to increased energy demands and the desire to curtail greenhouse gas emissions. Within the UK, Wales has the potential for the development of diverse marine renewable technologies, with a strong tidal range resource, areas of high tidal current energy, and a spatially limited wave energy resource. Targets have been set by the Welsh Government to increase the contribution of marine renewable energy to Wales' electricity generation, and the recent introduction of demonstration zones for tidal and wave energy aims to facilitate developers in device deployment. However, uncertainties remain about the potential impacts of devices, particularly for array scale deployments, planned at several sites, and for the extensive structures required to capture the tidal range resource. Here we review present knowledge of potential impacts, including physical, ecological and societal dimensions, and outline research priorities to provide a scientific basis on which to base decisions influencing the trajectory of Welsh marine renewable energy development.     

A review on development of offshore wind energy conversion system

Wind energy conversion system, aiming to convert mechanical energy of air flow into electrical energy has been widely concerned in recent decades. According to the installation sites, the wind energy conversion system can be divided into land-based wind conversion system and offshore wind energy conversion (OWEC) system. Compared to land-based wind energy technology, although OWEC started later, it has attracted more attentions due to its significant advantages in sufficient wind energy, low wind shear, high power output and low land occupancy rate. In this paper, the principle of wind energy conversion and the development status of offshore wind power in the world are briefly introduced at first. And then, the advantages and disadvantages of several offshore wind energy device (OWED), such as horizontal axis OWED, vertical axis OWED and cross axis OWED are compared. Subsequently, several major constraints, such as complex marine environment, deep-sea power transmission and expensive cost of equipment installation faced by offshore wind conversion technology are presented and comprehensively analysed. Finally, based on the summary and analysis of some emerging technologies and the current situation of offshore wind energy utilization, the development trend of offshore wind power is envisioned. In the future, it is expected to witness multi-energy complementary, key component optimization and intelligent control strategy for smooth energy generation of offshore wind power systems.     

计及恶劣天气约束的海上风能波浪能资源分布研究

基于ERA5和全球海洋波浪再分析资料,统计分析2005—2019年间110°E~130°E、15°N~35°N海域的恶劣天气事件时空分布特征,在剔除恶劣天气时段下,对风能密度、波浪能密度、风能变异系数和波浪能变异系数进行分析。结果表明：2005—2019年间恶劣天气事件整体呈递增趋势,季节性差异大;总体上深远海海域恶劣天气出现时段比近海多,南海北部恶劣天气事件出现时段最多;在剔除恶劣天气时段后,东海深远海存在风能丰富且波浪能较密集的海域,台湾海峡以南近海风能丰富且稳定,但波浪能不密集且不稳定,南海北部近海海域波浪能比深远海更密集且更稳定,这与不剔除恶劣天气时段情况下波浪能分布特征存在较大差异。