拟负刚度磁流变智能隔震系统振动台试验研究

为研究拟负刚度控制算法及磁流变智能隔震系统的有效性和适应性,将自主研发的最大出力为10kN的磁流变液阻尼器(MRFD)安装在隔震层中心,并选取4条有代表性的远近场地震波,峰值加速度由0.1g~0.9g逐步增大,分别对普通隔震结构、输入电流为0A和1A的被动控制结构以及采用基于位移的拟负刚度(DPNS)控制算法的智能控制结构进行振动台试验。通过对结构响应和阻尼器响应的对比分析,研究拟负刚度控制算法的减震效果和磁流变智能控制系统的耗能特性。结果表明：恒定电流为0A的被动控制可同时降低上部结构反应和隔震层位移,但是减震效果有限;恒定电流为1A的被动控制对隔震层位移降低效果明显,但是在多遇地震及远场地震作用下放大了上部结构反应;DPNS控制可同时降低隔震层位移和多遇、设防地震甚至罕遇地震作用下上部结构的反应,且适应于不同的地震动特性;试验中控制系统存在的时滞效应使得DPNS控制力在多遇、设防地震作用下具有较小值,同时罕遇地震作用下具有较强的耗能能力。     

Smart outrigger damper system for response reduction of tall buildings subjected to wind and seismic excitations

The outrigger damper system has recently been proposed to reduce the dynamic response of tall buildings subjected to lateral loads. Previous studies have shown that the outrigger damper system could effectively increase the response reduction capacity of tall buildings. The outrigger damper system was used not only for a response reduction of tall buildings, but also for adjusting the differential column shortening. When an outrigger damper system is designed optimally for wind or earthquake loads, it shows good control performance against each target excitation. On the other hand, the outrigger damper system designed for the wind load cannot effectively control the seismic responses and vice versa. This study examined the control performance of a smart outrigger damper system for reducing both the wind and seismic responses. The smart outrigger damper system was comprised of magnetorheological dampers. A fuzzy logic control algorithm, which was optimized by a multi-objective genetic algorithm, was used to control the smart outrigger damper system. Numerical analysis showed that the smart outrigger damper system could provide superior control performance for the reduction of both wind and earthquake responses compared to the general outrigger system and passive outrigger damper system.     

极罕遇地震作用下铅芯橡胶隔震支座基础隔震结构抗震性能研究

基础隔震结构在设计地震和罕遇地震作用下具有良好的抗震性能。随着GB 18036—2015《中国地震动参数区划图》引入了极罕遇地震作用，有必要探讨基础隔震结构在极罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能。以两自由度体系(简化模型)和多自由度体系(纤维模型)的铅芯橡胶隔震支座(LRB)基础隔震结构为研究对象，基于弹塑性时程分析的统计结果，分析并比较了设计、罕遇和极罕遇地震作用下上部结构屈服承载力(即降低上部结构抗震设防烈度)和LRB隔震支座力学性能参数对整个LRB基础隔震结构抗震性能的影响。分析结果表明：极罕遇地震作用下，采用降低抗震设防烈度的方式对隔震后的上部结构进行结构设计并不可取；为了保证在极罕遇地震作用下LRB基础隔震结构的上部结构和LRB隔震支座不发生破坏，应尽可能使用大直径和低橡胶剪切模量的LRB隔震支座；如何保证LRB基础隔震结构在设计地震和罕遇地震作用下的性能要求以及在极罕遇地震作用下的安全性能是一个具有挑战性的问题。     

建筑结构地震反应的MR智能基础隔震控制

针对基础隔震局限于减小地震波高频成分对结构影响的缺点,将磁流变(MR)阻尼器与滚动隔震支座相结合形成MR智能基础隔震系统并应用到结构控制中.基于MR阻尼器的Sigmoid模型,进行模糊半主动控制策略设计.在不同种类不同强度的地震波作用下,对智能基础隔震控制下2层钢框架结构的反应进行了仿真分析.结果表明,MR智能基础隔震...     

Smart platform for microvibration control of high-tech industry facilities

Recently, the microvibrations of high technology facilities resulting from nearby traffic loads have attracted significant attention. Considerable research aimed at protecting high-tech equipment due to nearby road and rail traffic has focused on vibration isolation systems. These isolation systems include passive-base isolation systems, smart base isolation systems, passive mounts, and active tables that are used mainly to isolate a small quantity of high-tech equipment. In this study, a smart platform was developed to control the microvibrations of high-technology facilities. Train-induced ground acceleration was generated as a nearby traffic load and a magnetorheological damper was used to compose a smart isolation platform. A fuzzy logic controller was used as a control algorithm that was optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The microvibration control performance of a smart isolation platform was compared with that of a conventional passive isolation platform. A series of parametric studies were performed to optimize the design of a passive isolation platform. Numerical analysis showed that a smart isolation platform can effectively control the microvibrations of a high-technology facility subject to train-induced excitation.     

装有3DB的三维隔震建筑的平扭-竖向地震反应分析

首先提出了一种铅芯橡胶碟簧三维隔震支座(3DB)。它由铅芯叠层橡胶支座LRB和加有阻尼材料的碟形弹簧支座DSB串联组成,能有效地解决三维隔震支座竖向阻尼的难题,并可以有效地抑制摇摆。然后,建立了3DB三维隔震框架结构多维地震反应的分析模型和运动方程,并以一栋五层3DB三维基础隔震框架结构为例,对其多维地震反应进行了仿真分析。研究结果表明,本文提出的3DB能简单有效地解决建筑结构的三维基础隔震问题,装有3DB的隔震建筑的多维地震反应降低了50％以上。     

Large‐scale shaking table test on pile‐soil‐structure interaction on soft soils

The two large‐scale shaking table tests of tall buildings on soft soils in pile group foundations are performed to capture the effect of the seismic pile‐soil‐structure interaction (PSSI) on the dynamic responses of the pile, soil, and structure. The two different model conditions are observed, including a fixed‐base structure and a structure supported by 3‐by‐3 pile group foundation in soft soil, representing the situations excluding the soil‐structure interaction (SSI) and considering the SSI, respectively. In the tests, the superstructure is a tall building with 12‐story reinforced concrete frame. The pile‐soil‐structure system rests in a shear laminar soil container, which is designed to minimize the boundary effects during shaking table tests. The two models are subjected to various intensity seismic excitations of Shanghai bedrock waves, 1995 Kobe earthquake, and 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake events. According to the experimental and analytical results, SSI systems have longer natural periods than the fixed‐base structure. In addition, soft soil has amplification effect under smaller seismic excitations and isolation effects under larger earthquake intensities. The strain amplitude at the top of pile is large, and the strain at the middle and tip is relatively small. Whereas the contact pressure is small at the top of pile and large at the middle and tip. From the dynamic responses of the superstructure, it is found that the PSSI amplifies the peak displacements and interstory drifts of the structures supported by pile group foundations by comparing with the fixed‐base structure. Whereas the peak acceleration and interstory shear force of the structure are reduced considering seismic PSSI. The results show that the seismic SSI is not always favorable, however, it may increase certain dynamic responses of the structure. Consequently, the seismic SSI should be considered reasonably, providing insight towards the rational seismic design of buildings rested on soft soils.     

结构半主动变刚度控制的研究

尽管已有的研究证明传统的变刚度控制系统可以有效地抑制结构在地震激励下动力响应,但是现有的变刚度装置仅能在很小的范围内改变结构的周期,而且也不利于抑制结构的加速度反应。为了克服这一局限性,本文提出了一种新型的半主动变刚度(ISAVS)控制系统,兼具基础隔震和传统变刚度控制的优点。基于作者提出的离复位控制策略,本文针对ISAVS系统进行了地震作用下的数值模拟,验证了它的可行性和有效性。     

Effects of characteristic parameters of isolation system on seismic response of isolated nuclear power plants

Seismic isolation is increasingly being used in both traditional and industrial structures for its ability to reduce structural responses while effectively protecting systems and components, such as machinery. After applying isolation, the standardize design can be achieved during seismic design of nuclear power plant. However, the seismic response of nuclear structure with different isolation characteristic parameters under different ground motions has not been fully studied. In this paper, a new generation passive nuclear power plant model was simulated with finite element method. The acceleration response, deformation, seismic mitigation efficiency, and response discreteness of nuclear structures with different isolation characteristic parameters were analyzed. The effect degree of isolation characteristic parameters on seismic response of nuclear structures was investigated. Performance spaces are introduced as an alternate method for evaluating responses of nuclear structures. The results show that isolation systems largely reduce both the mean value and discreteness of seismic response of nuclear structures.     

砌体结构外套预制钢筋混凝土墙板加固及隔震加层振动台试验研究

为研究砌体结构外套预制钢筋混凝土墙板加固技术的加固效果,并探讨在其顶部隔震加层的可行性,进行了3个相似比为1/4模型的振动台对比试验, 模型分别是加固砌体结构模型、加固后加层非隔震结构模型和加固后加层隔震结构模型。试验测试了模型结构的动力特性及其在不同地震作用下的动力响应,为了分析结构震损后的动力响应,在试验模型经历罕遇地震作用下的损伤后又继续进行不同水准地震输入试验。试验结果表明：加层非隔震结构的上部钢框架鞭稍效应非常明显;加层隔震结构有效延长了结构自振周期,增大了结构阻尼比。加层隔震结构既有效降低了下部砌体结构的地震响应又降低了上部钢框架的地震响应,其加固效果和抗震性能优越。同时,震损后加层隔震结构的隔震效果明显降低,下部砌体的加速度反应可能大于加固结构和加层非隔震结构,建议在设计时充分考虑这种不利影响。     

大平台多塔楼新型隔震体系的智能磁流变控制

本文将隔震技术应用到大平台多塔楼结构中,研究了这种新型隔震体系的抗震性能,并将磁流变(MR)阻尼器设置于隔震层,探讨了这种新型隔震体系智能磁流变控制的减震效果.文中以北京通惠家园某典型小区为研究对象,建立了大平台多塔楼新型隔震减震体系的运动方程,考虑了隔震支座的非线性.本研究中MR阻尼器的半主动控制算法选用限幅最优控制算法,其主控制器采用H2/LQG方法来设计.仿真分析结果表明,这种新型隔震体系可以有效地减小上部住宅结构与下部平台的地震反应,为提高大平台多塔楼结构的抗震安全性提供了一条崭新的途径.采用MR阻尼器与这种新型隔震体系相结合可以进一步减小隔震结构下部平台的地震反应与隔震层的非线性反应,提高这种新型隔震体系的抗震安全性.     

基于ANSYS的LRB性能模拟验证分析

铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)是一种有效的隔震装置,它通过延长结构的周期、增加结构的阻尼来减小结构的地震反应.在结构隔震分析中,LRB扮演了一个很重要的角色,对其模拟程度的正确与否对整个结构的分析结果将产生很大影响.本文采用大型通用有限元程序ANSYS,对一个单自由度隔震体系进行了LRB性能模拟验证分析,分析表明:在合理确定输入地震动PGA临界点的前提下,采用ANSYS中的Combin40单元来模拟LRB的滞回性能,能获得较为满意的效果;同时通过与SAP2K时程分析比较,也验证了ANSYS分析结构隔震的可靠性.     

Fuzzy‐sliding mode control of nonlinear smart base‐isolated building under earthquake excitation

In this paper, the effectiveness of the fuzzy sliding mode control strategy on three‐dimensional benchmark building with smart base isolation under seismic excitation has been examined. One of the appropriate control theories for such this nonlinear system is the sliding mode control theory; discontinuous sliding mode theory has weakness such as chattering phenomena. In this paper, we used a combination of fuzzy logic and sliding mode theory for the deletion of this defect. The proposed control theory has been scrutinized by applying on lately developed nonlinear three‐dimensional base‐isolated benchmark building. This building because of the three‐dimensional nature, coalescing of lateral and torsional responses, continuity of responses of the superstructure, and base is modeled with three degrees of freedom on every floor. In this building eight actuators assigned only at the base level and in the two directions (x, y). In other words, 16 actuators are located underneath the structure. Furthermore, the base isolation system has been modeled by considering lateral coupled equations for a better examination of the performance of the system. The results indicate that reduction of control performance is remarkable. Also, utilizing proposed control theory can decrease the responses of building in two main directions and, particularly, in the rotational degree of freedom.     

地震动速度脉冲对不同高宽比基础隔震结构抗震性能的影响

为研究近断层地震动的速度脉冲对基础隔震结构地震反应的影响,建立了不同高宽比的传统抗震及基础隔震框架结构有限元模型,选取了6条具有向前方向性效应和滑冲效应速度脉冲的实际近断层强震记录作为结构基础输入地震动,对8个模型进行了非线性动力时程分析,对比分析了传统抗震及基础隔震框架结构模型的层间位移角、支座位移和基底剪力等反应。结果表明：在近断层速度脉冲型地震动作用下,随着结构高宽比的增加,基础隔震结构的层间位移角和基底最大剪力逐渐增加,而隔震支座位移有先增大后减小的趋势,且随着地震动峰值速度与峰值加速度比值的增大,隔震支座位移也逐步增大;基础隔震对高宽比小于3的结构具有较好的减震效果,且高宽比越小其减震效果越好,但是当结构高宽比为4时,基础隔震效果较差;近断层地震动的速度脉冲对基础隔震结构底部楼层的不利影响会导致结构出现倒塌破坏。     

基于振动台试验的滑移隔震-限位混凝土矩形贮液结构减震研究

混凝土矩形贮液结构由于其独特的优势,在土木工程领域具有广泛的应用,但是历次地震中都不乏该类结构的破坏案例,减小其在地震作用下的破坏概率迫在眉睫。为研究滑移隔震在混凝土矩形贮液结构减震方面的有效性,运用振动台缩尺试验对比研究了非隔震、铅芯橡胶隔震、滑移隔震-限位混凝土矩形贮液结构的动力响应,探讨滑移隔震对贮液结构的减震优势,研究限位装置对结构滑移位移的控制效果,并验证基于ALE法数值模型的合理性。结果表明,滑移隔震对结构动力响应和液体晃动波高都具有很好的控制效果,其减震效果明显优于铅芯橡胶隔震,进行合理的限位装置设计能够克服滑移隔震混凝土矩形贮液结构位移超限和震后残余位移较大的缺陷。滑移隔震-限位减震系统能够在震后保持完好,且造价低廉,因此其在混凝土矩形贮液结构减震方面具有非常优越的应用前景。     

LRB基底隔震系统的隔震效果仿真

介绍了LRB基底隔震系统的工作原理,对LRB基底基础隔震系统动力微分方程进行了分析,通过对LRB基底隔震系统进行建模,实现了对该系统隔震效果模拟仿真,体现出该系统的优越性。     

基础隔震结构直接基于位移设计的一体化抗震设计方法

为更加合理地进行基础隔震结构的抗震设计,以使用铅芯橡胶隔震支座(LRB)的基础隔震结构作为研究对象,提出了基础隔震结构直接基于位移设计(DDBD)的一体化抗震设计方法.对于给定地震水准下预先设定的性能目标(即LRB隔震系统最大水平变形和上部结构最大层间位移角),通过所提出的一体化抗震设计方法可以确定LRB隔震系统的力学...     

Nonlinear dynamically automated excursions for rubber-steel bearing isolation in multi-storey construction

Conventional building design includes the concept of providing more stiff structural solution to withstand the lateral seismic loading. Introduction of flexible elements at the base of a structure and at the same time ensuring enough damping is the evocative alternate option to mitigate seismic hazard. The device that is capable to meet such criteria is known as isolator. This paper covers design of base isolators for multi-storey buildings in medium risk seismicity region and the structural response evaluation. Automated nonlinear models for dynamic response investigation have been configured. Finite element method (FEM) has been incorporated to envisage the structural response behaviors. Lead rubber bearing (LRB) and high damping rubber bearing (HDRB) have been chosen for inserting isolator link element in structural base. The nonlinearities of rubber-steel bearing have been duly considered. Linear static, linear dynamic and nonlinear dynamic analyses due to site-specific earthquake accelerogram are performed for both fixed based (FB) and base isolated (BI) buildings. Both time domain and frequency domain approaches have been carried out for dynamic solution. It was found that for multi-storey buildings, base isolation diminishes muscular amount of structural responses compared to the conventional fixed base (non-isolated) structures. Allowable higher horizontal displacement induces structural flexibility. The suggested isolation technique is competent to mitigate the structural hazard even under strong seismic vulnerability in optimum manner.     

基于MR阻尼器的空间网壳结构模糊控制

基于模糊控制原理,提出和构建运用于大型杆系空间结构的模糊控制系统和简化模糊控制器组成,包含模糊化接口、规则库、插值查询表等.运用该模糊控制器,实现对典型网壳结构的振动控制和数值仿真.对比分析采用不同结点的位移、速度作为双输入时的结构动力响应.研究表明,该简化的模糊控制器设计简便、易于操作、振动控制效果显著.     

串联隔震结构震损倒塌动态模型分析

建立了叠层橡胶隔震垫与地下室悬臂RC柱组成的串联隔震结构的有限元分析模型,编写了利用MSC.MARC软件生死单元二次开发UACTIVE程序来模拟隔震垫的失效,并分析了远场多维地震激励下不同长细比悬臂柱柱顶加连梁对结构响应的影响,同时分析了设置阻尼器控制隔震层位移后的结构地震响应。分析表明:通过生死单元二次开发程序可以有效地模拟隔震垫破坏;实际工程中常规的长细比悬臂柱柱顶加连梁对串联隔震结构的响应影响微小;隔震层增设非线性阻尼器可以控制位移且不影响多遇地震下的隔震效果。