基于平面模板的摄像机标定方法

给出了一种基于平面模板的摄像机标定的新算法.所用的标定模板由一个内嵌矩形的圆组成,通过模板图像在像平面上的投影计算圆环点,建立绝对二次曲线对摄像机内参数的约束方程,只需要摄像机在3个(或3个以上)不同方位摄取平面模板中的图像,即可线性求解摄像机的内参数.该方法原理简单,对摄像机运动没有约束,不涉及图像匹配,平面模板容易制作,无须知道物理度量,实验证明本方法可行,并有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于多摄像位的空间定位系统的研究与设计

基于多摄像位的空间定位即从来自多个摄像位的视频截图中获取物体的空间三维几何信息。本系统主要由三个部分构成,分别是:摄像机标定部分、立体匹配部分、基于点的三维重建部分。本文主要围绕这几个部分展开研究:首先,在摄像机参数标定中,采用正友的基于平面标定模板的摄像机标定方法,通过实验和计算获取摄像机的参数;其次,立体匹配部分采用了Burchfield算法,试验结果得到了视差图;最后,最后根据立体视觉基本原理,完成了三维坐标计算,得到了一个特定区域的点集信息(如球类)。本文最终设计并实现了一个应用于体育节目包装的基于多摄像位的空间定位系统。     

基于多视定位算法的多摄像机标定

针对多摄像机系统标定,提出一种基于多视定位算法的标定方法,标定过程只需一块可自由移动的平面模板即可,利用约束优化思想,将各摄像机坐标系转换到参考摄像机坐标系下,从而得到摄像机之间相对位置关系。标定操作过程简单,易于实现。实验结果表明,该方法是一种有效的多摄像机标定方法。     

一种基于菱形的摄像机标定方法

给出了一种基于菱形作为平面模板的摄像机标定方法。通过计算圆环点,建立绝对二次曲线对摄像机内参数的约束方程,只需摄像机在三个不同方位摄取菱形模板的图像,即可线性求解摄像机内参数。通过仿真实验表明,该算法可行。     

一种基于菱形的摄像机标定方法

给出了一种基于菱形作为平面模板的摄像机标定方法。通过计算圆环点,建立绝对二次曲线对摄像机内参数的约束方程．只需摄像机在三个不同方位摄取菱形模板的图像,即可线性求解摄像机内参数。通过仿真实验表明,该算法可行。     

标定靶面平行成像平面时Tsai算法的改进

针对机器视觉应用中出现的标定靶面平行于摄像机成像平面的情况,提出对基于RAC(radialalignmentconstraint)摄像机标定算法的改进。建立了该种情形下摄像机标定模型,根据RAC约束的方向不变性、RAC约束的等比例性等特性,使用Levenber-Marquardt算法计算出部分参数,以及利用针孔成像原理求出余下的参数。通过实验对算法进行了验证和分析,结果表明,该算法计算量小,并且具有较高的标定精度。     

线结构光传感器参数现场标定方法

为了精确、快速、高效地标定线结构光传感器参数,提出了一种线结构光传感器参数现场标定方法。根据摄像机标定方法,并结合L-M非线性优化算法对摄像机内外参数及镜头畸变系数进行标定。拍摄不同姿态下的平面靶标图像,利用靶标图像计算摄像机外参计算靶标上的圆点在摄像机坐标系下的三维坐标,并构建靶标平面方程。将激光线投射到不同姿态的靶标平面上,通过靶标平面方程计算出激光线上点在摄像机坐标系下的3D坐标,由不同位置重构出激光点在摄像机坐标系下的3D坐标来完成光平面参数标定。通过对摄像机参数、畸变系数和光平面参数的标定,重构目标物体进行测试。测量结果表明:该算法能够快速、准确地获取小车车体的三维坐标,并构造出车体的三维模型。该方法适用于大视场的工业现场标定。     

改进基本矩阵计算和优化的多摄像机并行标定算法

多摄像机系统具有摄像机数目多、空间位置分布复杂特点,导致多摄像机标定效率低。基本矩阵计算和非线性优化是摄像机标定算法的关键步骤。针对标定物空间位置相互独立性,改进随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)的基本矩阵计算和简化非线性优化的增量方程,提出多摄像机系统的并行标定算法。该算法挖掘多摄像机标定过程的内在并行化,从而提高了标定的时间效率。相比于传统的多摄像机标定算法,并行算法的时间复杂度从O(n3)降为O(n)。实验结果表明：使用多摄像机系统并行标定算法在不损失精度的同时能够减少标定时间,实现多摄像机系统的快速标定。     

基于单个正方形的摄像机自标定算法

提出一种基于带对角线正方形作为平面标定模板的自标定算法机理,只需摄像机作三次运动参数未知的自由运动并摄取正方形模板在不同方位的三幅图像,即可线性求解摄像机的内外参数.实验表明,该算法能够较准确的标定出摄像机内参数,具有较高的鲁棒性.     

基于单平面模板的摄像机定标研究

提出了一种摄像机定标方法，只需要摄像机从不同方向拍摄平面模板的多幅图像，摄像机与平面模板间可以自由地移动，运动的参数无需已知。对于每个视点获得图像，提取图像上的网格角点；平面模板与图像间的网格角点对应关系，确定了单应性矩阵；对每幅图像，就可确定一个单应性矩阵，这样就能够进行摄像机定标。该算法先有一个线性解法，然后基于极大似然准则对线性结果进行非线性优化求精。该方法同时也考虑了镜头畸变的影响。实验结果表明该算法简单易用。     

自由双目立体视觉摄像机动态外参数的获取

针对自由双目立体视觉中由于摄像机旋转导致的摄像机外参数变化的问题,提出一种基于旋转轴标定的动态外参数获取方法。在多个不同位置,立体标定得到多组旋转平移矩阵,利用最小二乘法求解旋转轴参数;结合初始位置左右摄像机的内、外参数及旋转角度,实时获取左右摄像机的外参数。利用所提方法获取动态外参数,并对棋盘角点进行三维重建,平均误差为0.241mm,标准差为0.156mm;与基于多平面标靶的标定方法相比,精度高且操作简单。所提方法无需实时标定,可完成摄像机旋转情况下动态外参数的获取。     

双目视觉测量系统摄像机外部参数标定研究

针对双目立体视觉测量系统中摄像机标定问题,讨论了基于标准长度的外部参数标定方法,选定了摄像机透视投影模型,采用双摄像机同时对放置于视场内的十字靶标拍摄多幅图像,得出了基于LabVIEW开发的摄像机标定方法.该方法利用了LabVIEW的开发环境,使用了数学工具包,将遗传算法与LM算法相结合,优化迭代获得摄像机外部参数,运算速度和精度大大提高.开发的模块可用于基于LabVIEW开发的工程软件进行高精度尺寸现场测量.在双目立体视觉测量系统标定结果基础上对标准靶进行测量,测量结果标准差达到0.1.     

一种基于校正误差的立体相机标定算法

立体相机的标定是一个精确求解各个相机内参数以及相机之间关系参数的过程.它是三维重建的基础,其标定精度的好坏直接影响立体重建的结果.为此提出了一种使用校正误差作为代价函数的立体相机标定算法.该算法首先使用传统的基于重投影误差的方法对单个相机的内参数进行标定,然后利用校正误差完成对相机之间关系参数的标定求解.由于校正误差的计算只与相机内参数以及关系参数有关,可以避免在标定过程中使用难以精确标定的相机外参数.实验结果表明本算法能够有效的提高立体相机标定的精度.     

Extrinsic calibration of heterogeneous cameras by line images

The extrinsic calibration refers to determining the relative pose of cameras. Most of the approaches for cameras with non-overlapping fields of view (FOV) are based on mirror reflection, object tracking or rigidity constraint of stereo systems whereas cameras with overlapping FOV can be calibrated using structure from motion solutions. We propose an extrinsic calibration method within structure from motion framework for cameras with overlapping FOV and its extension to cameras with partially non-overlapping FOV. Recently, omnidirectional vision has become a popular topic in computer vision as an omnidirectional camera can cover large FOV in one image. Combining the good resolution of perspective cameras and the wide observation angle of omnidirectional cameras has been an attractive trend in multi-camera system. For this reason, we present an approach which is applicable to heterogeneous types of vision sensors. Moreover, this method utilizes images of lines as these features possess several advantageous characteristics over point features, especially in urban environment. The calibration consists of a linear estimation of orientation and position of cameras and optionally bundle adjustment to refine the extrinsic parameters.     

Self-calibration of hybrid central catadioptric and perspective cameras

Hybrid central catadioptric and perspective cameras are desired in practice, because the hybrid camera system can capture large field of view as well as high-resolution images. However, the calibration of the system is challenging due to heavy distortions in catadioptric cameras. In addition, previous calibration methods are only suitable for the camera system consisting of perspective cameras and catadioptric cameras with only parabolic mirrors, in which priors about the intrinsic parameters of perspective cameras are required. In this work, we provide a new approach to handle the problems. We show that if the hybrid camera system consists of at least two central catadioptric and one perspective cameras, both the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the system can be calibrated linearly without priors about intrinsic parameters of the perspective cameras, and the supported central catadioptric cameras of our method can be more generic. In this work, an approximated polynomial model is derived and used for rectification of catadioptric image. Firstly, with the epipolar geometry between the perspective and rectified catadioptric images, the distortion parameters of the polynomial model can be estimated linearly. Then a new method is proposed to estimate the intrinsic parameters of a central catadioptric camera with the parameters in the polynomial model, and hence the catadioptric cameras can be calibrated. Finally, a linear self-calibration method for the hybrid system is given with the calibrated catadioptric cameras. The main advantage of our method is that it cannot only calibrate both the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the hybrid camera system, but also simplify a traditional nonlinear self-calibration of perspective cameras to a linear process. Experiments show that our proposed method is robust and reliable.     

一种反射折射摄像机的简易标定方法

Central catadioptric cameras are widely used in virtual reality and robot navigation,and the camera calibration is a prerequisite for these applications.In this paper,we propose an easy calibration method for central catadioptric cameras with a 2D calibration pattern.Firstly,the bounding ellipse of the catadioptric image and field of view (FOV) are used to obtain the initial estimation of the intrinsic parameters.Then,the explicit relationship between the central catadioptric and the pinhole model is used to initialize the extrinsic parameters.Finally,the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are refined by nonlinear optimization.The proposed method does not need any fitting of partial visible conic,and the projected images of 2D calibration pattern can easily cover the whole image,so our method is easy and robust.Experiments with simulated data as well as real images show the satisfactory performance of our proposed calibration method.     

一种反射折射摄像机的简易标定方法

Central catadioptric cameras are widely used in virtual reality and robot navigation, and the camera calibration is a prerequisite for these applications. In this paper, we propose an easy calibration method for central catadioptric cameras with a 2D calibration pattern. Firstly, the bounding ellipse of the catadioptric image and field of view (FOV) are used to obtain the initial estimation of the intrinsic parameters. Then, the explicit relationship between the central catadioptric and the pinhole model is used to initialize the extrinsic parameters. Finally, the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are refined by nonlinear optimization. The proposed method does not need any fitting of partial visible conic, and the projected images of 2D calibration pattern can easily cover the whole image, so our method is easy and robust. Experiments with simulated data as well as real images show the satisfactory performance of our proposed calibration method.     

Plane-Based Calibration for Linear Cameras

Linear or 1D cameras are used in several areas such as industrial inspection and satellite imagery. Since 1D cameras consist of a linear sensor, a motion (usually perpendicular to the sensor orientation) is performed in order to acquire a full image. In this paper, we present a novel linear method to estimate the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a 1D camera using a planar object. As opposed to traditional calibration scheme based on 3D-2D correspondences of landmarks, our method uses homographies induced by the images of a planar object. The proposed algorithm is linear, simple and produces good results as shown by our experiments.     

简化UKF算法在摄像机标定中的应用

提出一种基于简化无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）算法的摄像机标定方法。将平面靶标图像上的不同特征点坐标视为同一个特征点在不同时刻的运动坐标。为避免欧拉角描述法带来的奇异问题,用单位四元数描述世界坐标系和摄像机坐标系之间的变换关系,选取摄像机内外参数作为系统状态变量。结合实际应用背景,简化标准UKF算法,将其用于摄像机参数估计,在保证标定精度的前提下降低运算复杂度。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

A variational approach to problems in calibration of multiple cameras

This paper addresses the problem of calibrating camera parameters using variational methods. One problem addressed is the severe lens distortion in low-cost cameras. For many computer vision algorithms aiming at reconstructing reliable representations of 3D scenes, the camera distortion effects will lead to inaccurate 3D reconstructions and geometrical measurements if not accounted for. A second problem is the color calibration problem caused by variations in camera responses that result in different color measurements and affects the algorithms that depend on these measurements. We also address the extrinsic camera calibration that estimates relative poses and orientations of multiple cameras in the system and the intrinsic camera calibration that estimates focal lengths and the skew parameters of the cameras. To address these calibration problems, we present multiview stereo techniques based on variational methods that utilize partial and ordinary differential equations. Our approach can also be considered as a coordinated refinement of camera calibration parameters. To reduce computational complexity of such algorithms, we utilize prior knowledge on the calibration object, making a piecewise smooth surface assumption, and evolve the pose, orientation, and scale parameters of such a 3D model object without requiring a 2D feature extraction from camera views. We derive the evolution equations for the distortion coefficients, the color calibration parameters, the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of the cameras, and present experimental results.