O_2对C_2H_4/C_2H_6体系中C_2H_4的吸附性能影响

环氧乙烷生产过程中排放的尾气含有C2H4、C2H6和O2等组分,若采用变压吸附法回收其中的C2H4时,需要考虑O2对吸附分离C2H4的影响。在固定床吸附柱上,测定了有O2存在时,C2H4/C2H6体系在3种吸附剂(活性炭、NJ络合吸附剂和NK络合吸附剂)上的动态吸附行为,考察了O2对不同吸附剂吸附C2H4的选择性和稳定吸附容量的影响。结果表明:在有O2的实验条件下,NK络合吸附剂对C2H4/C2H6体系能优先吸附C2H4,且C2H4的吸附性能不受O2的影响,C2H4/C2H6的分离系数为10;NK络合吸附剂具有稳定的有效C2H4吸附量9.2 mL/g。实验结果为工业回收C2H4提供了基础。     

用高效液相色谱法分析克仑特罗和沙丁胺醇

提出了一种用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定饲料中克仑特罗和沙丁胺醇的方法。样品用乙酸乙酯 +正己烷 +异丙醇混合溶剂萃取后用 C18- ODS柱 ,以乙腈 +水 ( 1 0 mmol/L H3 PO4-KH2 PO4,p H为 3.0 )作流动相 ,在波长 2 0 2 nm处测定 ,克仑特罗和沙丁胺醇标准曲线的线性范围是 0 .2～ 1 .2μg/m L,相关系数分别为 0 .9995和 0 .9990。克仑特罗和沙丁胺醇的回收率分别是66.0 0 %～ 69.30 %和 65 .0 0 %～ 68.70 % ,标准偏差分别是 0 .1 7%～ 0 .39%和 0 .1 0 %～ 0 .5 4 %。     

钴基催化剂F-T合成的产物分布及稳定性研究

采用浸渍法制备了氧化锆改性γ-Al2O3负载Co-Ru双金属催化剂.在固定床反应器中考察了反应温度、压力、空速和合成气H2/CO比对烃产物分布的影响,进行了552 h的稳定性实验.结果表明,较低的反应温度、较高的压力和较低的空速有利于碳链增长,产物中柴油馏分C12～C18和蜡C19 的选择性高;原料气H2 / CO比提高,甲烷、C2～C4、C5～C11的选择性增加,C12～C18和C19 的选择性下降;在原料气H2/CO比1.58～2.0、反应温度453～513 K、压力1.0～2.5 MPa和空速500～1000 h(1催化剂具有较好的合成重质烃反应性能.在原料气H2 / CO比2.0、反应温度493K、压力1.5 MPa和空速800 h(1下,反应552 h,催化剂的稳定性较好,CO的转化率、C5 选择性分别大于80%和83%.运行时间对产物烃的分布影响不大,产物烃主要有烷烃组成,主要集中在C5～C18,选择性的平均值C1为6.94%,C2～C4 6.20%,C5～C11 33.04%,C12～C18 31.55%,C19 22.27%.     

烟碱提取新方法研究

调节低、次烟叶的含水率,使w(H2O)=12%～13%。在密闭容器中,控制温度540～550℃,使低、次烟叶碳化脱羧。产生的气体和液体用w(H2SO4)=70%的硫酸吸收,可得到w(C10H14N2)=4%左右的硫酸烟碱稀溶液。负压下,将该溶液浓缩至w(C10H14N2)≥20%、用80～100℃的饱和Na2CO3水溶液碱化至无气泡冒出为止,再加入稍过量的Na2SO4·10H2O,使水相形成饱和溶液,密闭、静置24h,即可把烟碱从水相中盐析出来。分出烟碱,在氮气保护下,负压进行两次蒸馏,收集140～148℃/4 0×103Pa馏分,可得w(C10H14N2)=98%以上的烟碱产品,产率在83%以上。提取过程中基本没有三废排放。     

青霉素制备青霉素亚砜的研究

以青霉素G钾盐与低质量分数过氧乙酸为原料氧化制备青霉素亚砜 ,其最佳工艺条件为 :n(C16 H18N2 O4 SK)∶n(CH3CO3H) =1 .0∶( 1 1～ 1 2 ) ,反应温度 0～ 5℃ ,反应时间 2 .0～ 2 5h ,w(CH3CO3H) =8 5% ,w(CH3CO2 H) =1 0 %。青霉素亚砜收率达 96 8%。同时建立了青霉素亚砜的半定量分析方法 ,以硅胶G为固定相 ,以V(CH3CO2 C4 H9 n)∶V(CH3CO2 H)∶V(NaH2 PO4 -H2 O)∶V(C4 H9OH n) =6.0∶2 .0∶1 .0∶0 5为流动相 ,用TLC法对产品进行半定量分析检测 ,并经IR、MS谱图验证了产品结构。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血清中的间羟舒喘灵

用HPLC方法检测人血清中的间羟舒喘灵浓度。样品用硅胶萃取小柱纯化浓集后用C8柱 (5μm ,2 50× 4.6mm )作分析色谱柱 ,用硫酸沙丁胺醇作内标 ,以 pH2 8,0 .0 3mol/LNH4H2 PO4,缓冲液 -CH3OH -CH3CN(90 :3:7)为流动相 ,在波长 2 2 4nm处检测。标准曲线在 0 5～ 32 μg/L范围内有良好线性关系 (r =0 9998) ,最低检测浓度为 0 2 μg/L ,平均回收率为 1 0 0 7%± 3 1 % ,日内RSD小于 3 7% ,日间RSD小于 7 5% ,适宜血清中间羟舒喘灵的测定。     

离子对色谱法测定细胞内α-酮戊二酸含量

采用离子对色谱法测定细胞内α-酮戊二酸含量。色谱柱为Platisil C18柱,流动相为0.5%(NH4)2HPO4-5mmol.L-1四丁基氢氧化铵,H3PO4调pH值为4.0,检测波长为214 nm。结果表明,α-酮戊二酸与其它代谢物的分离效果较好,方法的线性相关系数为0.9996,相对标准偏差为0.38%,平均回收率为99.38%。     

含镍的SiO2溶胶-凝胶的制备

以正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)为原料、草酸 (C2 H2 O4)为催化剂 ,通过水解、缩聚反应制成了含镍的二氧化硅溶胶 -凝胶。探讨了温度及草酸、水、乙醇的用量对正硅酸乙酯水解过程的影响。结果表明 ,制备含镍的SiO2 溶胶 -凝胶的最佳工艺是 :n(TEOS)∶n(C2 H5OH)∶n(H2 O)∶n(C2 H2 O4) =1∶4∶8∶0 8× 10 -4～ 16×10 -4,n(H2 O) /n(TEOS) =4～ 18,n(C2 H5OH) /n(H2 O) =1～ 2 ;水解温度 30～ 4 0℃。     

氨基硅油乳液中乳化剂的分析

将氨基硅油乳液用柱层析法分离后,采用红外光谱仪扫描了氨基硅油乳液中乳化剂的各组分,用碘代法结合气相色谱/质谱联用仪对脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚进行定性分析,采用邻苯二甲酸酐-吡啶法测定聚乙二醇的平均摩尔质量,并用质量法对各组分定量.结果表明,氨基硅油乳液中的乳化剂由非离子表面活性剂组成,主要成分为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚[结构为C12H25O(CH2CH2O)H0的质量分数为9.25%;结构为EO=5.02,C12H26:C14H30=3:1的质量分数为37.24%;结构为EO=8.92,C12H26:C14H30=2:1的质量分数为1.80%;结构为EO=11.27,C16H34∶C18H38=2∶3的质量分数为44.15%]及聚乙二醇[质量分数为2.6%,结构为HO(CH2CH2O)7.44H].     

环戊烯催化氧化合成戊二醛

以环戊烯为原料 ,采用钨酸催化剂合成戊二醛。用GH沉淀剂回收钨酸催化剂 ,同时将反应中间体进一步转化成戊二醛。确定了较佳合成工艺条件 :n(H2 O2 )∶n(C5H8) =(2 .0 0～ 2 .0 5 )∶1 0 0 ,m(H2 WO4 )∶m(C5H8) =(0 .0 4～ 0 .0 5 )∶1 0 0 ,n(GH)∶n(H2 WO4 ) =(1.0 5～ 1.10 )∶1 0 0 ,沉淀反应时间 6～ 7h。戊二醛总收率 6 5 %以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。