全自动灯检机研究和开发

提出了一种基于机器视觉的全自动灯检测机.这种灯检机采用多工位设计,能对药液及其包装瓶进行多项检测.设计了专门装置采集瓶内旋转液体的序列图像,运用图像融合和运动分析的方法对包装瓶和液体图像进行识别,能保证全面准确地检测产品质量.     

基于机器视觉的全自动灯检机关键技术研究

设计了一种基于机器视觉技术的全自动智能灯检机,以实现药液中可见异物的在线检测.首先对采集到的各帧图像通过形态学滤波、帧差等预处理抑制大部分背景噪声.然后提取图像中目标的不变特征,通过各目标不变特征间的匹配,实现相邻帧点迹的关联,得到若干假设的目标运动轨迹.最后根据异物运动轨迹的连续性和平滑特点来确定是否存在可见异物.研制的全自动灯检机样机已经在某药厂的注射液生产线上试验运行.实验表明,该机器的识别准确率和速度均高于熟练的灯检工.     

硅棒特征点三维坐标视觉检测技术研究

针对人工接触式硅棒参数检测中存在的耗时、低效、误检等问题,提出一种采用四CCD机器视觉系统作为硅棒参数实时检测的非接触式测量方案。系统基于多目视觉检测原理,以四CCD多目视觉检系统作为机器视觉检测前端数据采集模块,拍摄待测硅棒表面轮廓图像信息。相邻两CCD构成正交双目交汇数据采集子模块,子模块基于正交双目交汇测量原理实时采集两路含有目标空间信息的数字图像数据并保存到上位机。上位机图像处理系统读取采集图像,完成多目相机标定,特征点提取、同名点匹配以及视差计算后提取出目标特征点三维坐标。该检测技术有效避免了人工主观因素造成的漏检、错检,满足实时在线检测要求,实现了硅棒特征点空间三维坐标高精度检测的目的。     

嵌入式线结构光角度视觉检测及误差补偿

建立了基于DM642的嵌入式线结构光角度视觉检测系统,用于精确实时地在线检测线结构光角度.首先,将以CCD为图像传感器的装置与基准平面固定,以线结构激光发生器为光源的装置与被测平面固定;用CCD采集投影屏上的线结构光图像,再由DM642进行实时处理得到线结构光的角位置,并对角位置进行标定来获得被测平面与基准平面的夹角.然后,分析系统误差源,得出系统主要误差是由CCD感光面阵平面与投影屏平面之间的夹角α所致.最后,针对此误差项建立数学模型,并根据模型采用圆光栅控制激光发牛器精确转动3个角位移,由圆光栅所得的精确角位移值和对应的图像检测值计算出标定夹角a的大小和方向,并对由此夹角误差导致的检测误差进行精确补偿.实验结果表明:在a为0.331 97°时,经误差补偿后的圆光栅角位移值和对应的图像检测值之间的转角误差由22.522％减小到0.595％,系统测量的不确定度为0.051 44°.     

空间点的立体视觉传感器标定方法

给出了一种基于随机空间点的立体视觉传感器高精度标定方法.该方法无需求解单个摄像机的内外参数,而是将立体视觉传感器透视变换矩阵中的元素作为未知量,当已知一组由高精度三坐标测量机提供的三维空间点坐标及其对应的图像点坐标时,即可利用奇异值分解法求解出各未知量的最小二乘解,从而避免了使用各类标定模板时由于加工和测量误差引入的标定误差.最后用标定过的立体视觉传感器对一组随机空间点进行三维坐标测量,与坐标测量机给出值进行比较表明,在误差最大的X轴方向,测量误差＜0.05 mm,在Y轴和Z轴方向,测量误差＜0.01 mm,证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于机器视觉检测的摄像机快速标定与误差分析

为了提高引线键合机中机器视觉检测子系统中的测量精度和效率,必须对摄像机镜头进行畸变矫正,提出一种基于畸变矫正的摄像机快速标定算法并对该算法的误差进行分析。该算法采用一阶径向畸变模型进行摄像机标定,算法中将复杂的非线性问题转化为线性问题进行参数求解,并且逆向求解了标定块上的空间特征点坐标,进而计算误差。试验验证,标定误差精度为4.26‰,减少了算法的时间复杂度,并且更准确的计算误差,同时本套算法还可用于其它有图像畸变的场合进行误差评定,因此具有较高的实用价值。     

基于双目视觉的工件空间定位方法研究

本文基于双目视觉原理,设计实现了一种对特定工件空间定位方法。首先对双目视觉系统进行标定,根据标定结果进行图像矫正,使用基于区域的立体匹配算法求取视差图,结合特征点对应视差值和标定结果对图像进行三维重构,获得工件表面的高度位置信息;根据工件特征,通过拟合获得的工件一组同轴圆的圆心三维坐标,确定工件在摄像机坐标系下的位置和姿态,实现工件的空间定位。     

一种基于单目定焦相机免标定的尺寸测量方法

机器视觉以其非接触式测量、精度高、实时性好、成本低等优点,越来越广泛的被应用于工件和产品的尺寸测量中,其中利用单目相机测量零件的几何尺寸是机器视觉的重要部分。在利用单目相机测量时,当被测物在相机光轴方向移动后需要重新对焦,获得被测物的清晰图像,并重新标定相机参数,再根据像素坐标计算被测物体尺寸。针对单目定焦相机测量时需要频繁对焦标定的问题,提出了一种直接根据相机对焦环刻度值计算被测物体尺寸的方法。在不同物距下,调整相机对焦环获得清晰图像,并记录对焦环刻度值t,计算不同物距下物体像素尺寸与实际尺寸的比值k,拟合t值与比值k的函数关系,不需要重新标定相机,即根据像素尺寸直接进行物体尺寸测量。实验表明,该测量方法操作简单,避免了复杂的相机标定,相对误差小于2%。具有一定的实用价值。     

基于改进型PCNN的智能灯检机研究

设计了一种基于改进型脉冲耦合神经网络(pulse coupled neural networks,PCNN)的全自动智能灯检机,以实现药液中可见异物在线高速、高精度检测.为了从采集的复杂序列图像中提取出微小的运动目标,本文设计的机械装置能保证智能灯检机按照"旋转-急停-跟踪拍摄"这一检测流程,利用序列图像在时空上的连续性,克服大量背景干扰.由于存在连续图像中物体位置变化不大而导致漏检的可能性,相机采用外部等间隔时间触发拍摄模式.最后应用所述改进型脉冲耦合神经网络分割图像,并根据目标运动轨迹的连续性和平滑特点判断异物的存在性.实验表明,该智能灯检机能够有效检测出药液中的可见异物,检测速度、精度、误漏检率均能很好的满足医药生产线的需求.     

野外大视场双目视觉物体定位监测系统的单参数快速标定

提出了一种只对相机水平偏角进行现场校准的标定方法用于野外远距离、大视场、双目视觉物体定位监测系统的快速标定.该方法通过合理考虑视觉传感器的调平装置,结合现场使用过程中相机焦距值固定的特点,简化了测量模型,减少了待标定参数;只需要测得监测中心和相机在大地坐标系中的经纬度坐标及监测中心的图像坐标即可完成系统标定.由于不需要高精度靶标,从而克服了靶标移动及摆放对标定过程的影响.在实际使用中,对2 km以外400 m×800 m的区域进行监测时,相对定位误差小于0.25％,其中由焦距值误差引起的相对定位误差不超过0.07％.该摄像机标定方法在保证测量精度的同时,具有易实现、用时少等优点,适用于野外大视场环境下物体的快速定位监测.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.