合成射流控制参数对大攻角下翼型气动性能的影响

通过数值模拟的方法,对合成射流控制NACA 0012大攻角下翼型流动分离的参数进行了研究.结果表明:对于射流出口宽度为翼型弦长的0.5％,翼型在18°～24°攻角下的流场,当合成射流作用在翼型头部1％弦长位置,吹气速度比为1,无量纲激励频率在1 附近时,可以达到较好的改善翼型整体气动性能的效果.通过对翼型表面压强系数分...     

翼型厚度对风力机翼型气动特性的影响

在Re=3×106下,基于k-w SST两方程湍流模型对两种不同厚度的NREL风力机专用翼型进行了数值模拟,重点研究了-5°～15°攻角下不同厚度对翼型气动特性的影响规律。非定常计算结果表明:不同厚度对翼型气动性能影响显著,在某一小攻角范围,较小厚度值可获得较大升阻比,在大攻角翼型发生失速时,较大厚度值可提高翼型的升阻比,拓宽高升阻比的攻角范围,有效改善翼型的分离流动特性。     

影响风力发电机翼型气动性能的因素研究

翼型气动性能的优劣影响着风力发电机的发电效率,研究影响叶片翼型气动性能的因素具有重要意义。本文采用数值方法计算了文献中NACA0012翼型在Re=10^6时的气动性能参数并与试验值比较,验证了数值方法的正确性。通过对相对厚度、相对弯度、雷诺数等影响翼型气动特性的参数进行研究,结果表明:相对厚度小的翼型在小攻角范围可以获得更好的气动性能;当攻角大于失速角12°后,相对厚度大的翼型的气动性能更佳。在0°~20°攻角范围内,相对弯度和雷诺数越大,翼型的气动性能越好。     

Gurney襟翼对风力机专用翼型气动性能的影响

为了研究Gurney襟翼对风力机专用翼型的增升效果,采用数值求解N-S方程的方法,对装有Gurney襟翼的DU95-W-180翼型进行了数值计算,在翼型尾缘压力面添加高度为弦长的1%、2%、3%、4%的Gurney襟翼,攻角范围为-8°~18°,计算各种工况下的翼型气动性能并与原翼型气动性能相比较。结果表明:Gurney襟翼对风力机专用翼型有很好的增升效果,而且增升效果与高度密切相关,襟翼高度越大,升力系数越大,相应的阻力系数也会增大。Gurney襟翼的最佳应用场合为中高升力系数情况,在中小升力系数情况下不宜使用。     

基于MIGA算法的完全对称翼型优化设计方法研究

提出了一种利用6控制点5阶Bezier多项式对完全对称翼型进行表达的参数化设计方法，并通过6个无量纲的横纵坐标控制系数和翼型最大相对厚度控制翼型型线。采用Fortran语言编写翼型参数化设计程序代码，并与ICEM网格划分和Fluent流场仿真一起集成到Isight自动优化平台，利用多岛遗传算法对相应的目标函数进行求解，实现了完全对称翼型的优化设计。以相对厚度为16%的椭圆翼型为参考，取4°、8°和12°为设计攻角，在Re=2.5×106的条件下，设计得到一款翼型A。与参考翼型对比结果显示，优化翼型A的型线接近菱形，其载荷在x/c∈(0.04,0.3)的区域减小，而在x/c∈(0.3,0.96)的区域增加，沿弦线方向载荷分布更加均衡。此外，在设计攻角下，优化翼型A的升阻比分别增加了28.56%和17.64%，在非设计攻角下，其气动性能也得到显著提升，印证了构建的优化设计方法的可靠性，为其他复杂可逆翼型的优化设计奠定了良好的理论基础。     

一种理想风机叶片翼型的设计方法

对理想风机的气动参数进行了设计。通过绘制升阻比曲线和升力系数曲线,对该翼型的弦长、攻角和风轮半径等进行了计算。同时应用Matlab与Profili软件分析翼型在不同攻角下的叶背和叶盆曲线上的升力和阻力的变化情况,并通过Profili软件的翼型受力分析功能,对设计出的翼型进行对比分析,验证了设计的准确性。     

雷诺数对低速对称翼型气动性能的影响

基于CFD软件,采用k-ωSST湍流模型,研究了不同雷诺数对低速对称翼型NACA0012、NACA0015和NACA0018气动性能的影响,以及同一雷诺数下翼型相对厚度对翼型气动性能的影响。比较了翼型NACA0012、NACA0015和NACA0018的升力系数和阻力系数的计算值与试验值,得出了和试验值最接近的翼型,总结了对称翼型升力系数、阻力系数和升阻比的变化规律,确定了对称翼型最佳攻角。结果显示,低速对称翼型相对厚度越大,气动性能越好;雷诺数越小,黏性越大,越先发生边界层分离;翼型NAcA0018的计算值和试验值最接近;翼型NAcA0018的最佳攻角为10°。     

气动弹片对翼型气动及噪声特性的影响

在NACA0018翼型吸力面布置固定气动弹片后,比较了原始翼型和弹片翼型的气动性能及噪声特性。采用数值模拟方法,在6°～24°范围内计算攻角气动弹片对翼型气动性能及噪声特性的影响,并分析了其流动控制机理。结果表明：气动弹片在大攻角下的效果较好,升力系数可提高37.11%,且可减缓流动分离向前缘发展,提高气流下洗能力;攻角较大时,气动弹片可以减小翼型在接收点处的噪声总声压级的4.23%,且翼型噪声总声压级在指向性分布上呈现偶极子特性。     

低雷诺数下翼型静、动态性能分析

对NACA0015翼型进行了静态、动态分析。结果表明:静态条件下,风速一定,弦长增加时,失速角增加,阻力系数减小;翼型动态振荡情况下,失速攻角大于静态失速攻角,失速延迟现象明显。同时翼型在上俯运动和下沉运动经过同一攻角时,升力系数差异大,会形成滞环现象。     

FSAE赛车新型定风翼型气动性能的提升

赛车的空气动力学特性决定着赛车的设计优劣和性能,其中气动阻力系数和气动负升力系数是决定气动特性的两个关键系数。采用数值模拟方法对赛车的空气动力性能有重要影响的后定风翼进行了翼型、攻角、离地间隙等结构参数下的气动分析和对比,根据阻力系数和负升力系数的变化规律以及匹配原则,确定了最佳的定风翼方案。结果表明:曲率较大、翼身较厚的翼型会产生较大的升力,攻角45°为最佳攻角方案,离地间隙的最佳值为88 mm。     

Effect of the Gurney flap on a NACA 23012 airfoil

A numerical investigation was performed to determine the effect of the Gurney flap on a NACA 23012 airfoil. A Navier-Stokes code, RAMPANT, was used to calculate the flow field about the airfoil. Fully-turbulent results were obtained using the standardk-ε two-equation turbulence model. The numerical solutions showed that the Gurney flap increased both lift and drag. These results suggested that the Gurney flap served to increase the effective camber of the airfoil. The Gurney flap provided a significant increase in the lift-to-drag ratio relatively at low angle of attack and for high lift coefficient. It turned out that 0.6% chord size of flap was the best. The numerical results exhibited detailed flow structures at the trailing edge and provided a possible explanation for the increased aerodynamic performance.     

Numerical study of blowing and suction slot geometry optimization on NACA 0012 airfoil

The effects of jet width on blowing and suction flow control were evaluated for a NACA 0012 airfoil. RANS equations were employed in conjunction with a Menter’s shear stress turbulent model. Tangential and perpendicular blowing at the trailing edge and perpendicular suction at the leading edge were applied on the airfoil upper surface. The jet widths were varied from 1.5% to 4% of the chord length, and the jet velocity was 0.3 and 0.5 of the free-stream velocity. Results of this study demonstrated that when the blowing jet width increases, the lift-to-drag ratio rises continuously in tangential blowing and decreases quasi-linearly in perpendicular blowing. The jet widths of 3.5% and 4% of the chord length are the most effective amounts for tangential blowing, and smaller jet widths are more effective for perpendicular blowing. The lift-to-drag ratio improves when the suction jet width increases and reaches its maximum value at 2.5% of the chord length.     

叶片表面粗糙条件下钝尾缘翼型优化设计

利用粒子群算法结合XFOIL软件,进行了钝尾缘翼型型线优化设计。平移优化后,在翼型吸力面距前缘0.1c(c为弦长)处添加一高0.015c、宽0.04c的凸台,得到表面粗糙钝尾缘改型,并数值研究其升阻力系数、升阻比、压力系数和流场特性。结果表明：粗糙S812翼型钝尾缘优化后,尾缘厚度为0.039 8c,尾缘厚度在上下翼面的分配比为1∶13.16;升力系数在计算攻角范围内显著增大,升阻比在17.2°攻角之前显著增大,最大升阻比增大明显;钝尾缘处的漩涡对吸力面的气流造成下洗作用。     

低雷诺数旋翼翼型设计及气动仿真

研究了低雷诺数下薄圆弧旋翼的翼型,考虑其对高气动性能、高结构强度和便于制造和轻量化的要求,提出一种具有上凸结构的薄圆弧翼型。通过在翼型上表面增加凸起结构,增加部分弦长的翼型厚度并安装加强筋来提高翼型延展向的结构强度;设计出了最大厚度为4.3%、圆弧均匀厚度为2.5%、最大弯度为5.5%和均匀弯度为4.5%的薄圆弧翼型。采用基于二维定常、不可压缩Navier-Stoke方程的数值仿真方法计算了该翼型在雷诺数为40,000~100,000,迎角为-4°~12°下的气动性能,并获得了该翼型上下表面的压力系数分布线和速度矢量图。采用该翼型制作了直径为40cm,质量为15g,桨距为15.7cm的碳纤维旋翼;在悬停状态下完成了它的升力和结构强度试验。实验结果显示其性能满足使用要求。目前,研制的旋翼已成功地应用于某型多旋翼飞行器。     

CFD investigation on the flatback airfoil effect of 10 MW wind turbine blade

The flatback airfoil effect on the inboard region of a large wind turbine blade was investigated by numerical analysis. Complicated flow phenomena in wind turbine blade with flatback and non-flatback airfoil were captured by Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes flow simulation with shear stress transport turbulence model. Although both airfoil blades were designed using blade element momentum theory to produce identical shaft power, results of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow analysis indicated that at a specific location of the root area, the flatback airfoil improved the inboard force by approximately 6 % compared with the non-flatback airfoil. We were also able to confirm that by using the flatback airfoil, the overall shaft power throughout the blade increased by 1 %, thereby restraining the bending moment exerted by the thrust force on the hub by 0.5 %. Moreover, numerical analysis results indicated that the flatback airfoil blade reduced the size of the secondary vortex around the blade root area and its progress in the secondary direction in comparison with the non-flatback airfoil blade. The shape of the flatback airfoil on the trailing edge weakened the adverse pressure gradient migrating from the lower to the upper surface. Regardless of the flatback airfoils, the tip vortex core of the outboard region formed on the suction surface leading edge and strongly rolled up by the pressure surface boundary layers due to the large pressure difference between the suction and pressure surfaces in the blade tip region. This remarkable strong tip vortex developed downstream and raked up the boundary layer of the blade trailing edge with low energy.     

Experimental study of effects of circular-cross-section riblets on the aerodynamic performance of Risø airfoil at transient flow regime

New drag reduction methods have received much attention due to the importance of drag reduction in airplanes and wind turbines. One of the ways for drag reduction is the use of riblets. We investigated the effects of riblets on the aerodynamic performance of the Risø airfoil quantitatively. By installing a load cell and using the one-sided force measurement method, the drag and lift coefficients of the Risø airfoil were measured in two modes: With and without riblets at three different arrangements. The shape of riblets is a circularcross- section and the ratio of riblets’ diameter to the airfoil chord is equal to 0.005. The tests were carried out in transient flow regime (Two Reynolds numbers of 2.02×10⁵ and 1.4×10⁵), and at attack angles from 0 to 20 degrees. The results indicate that the extent of the riblets effect on the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil depends on the angle of attack, Reynolds number, and arrangement of the riblets on the airfoil. The maximum drag reduction at the Reynolds numbers of 2.02×10⁵ and 1.4×10⁵ is about 29.7 % and 54 %, respectively, that occurs at an attack angle of 7 degrees for both two Reynolds numbers.     

Reduced frequency effects on the near-wake of an oscillating elliptic airfoil

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the reduced frequency effect on the near-wake of an elliptic airfoil oscillating in pitch. The airfoil was sinusoidally pitched around the center of the chord between -5° and +25° angles of attack at an airspeed of 3.4 m/s. The chord Reynolds number and reduced frequencies were 3.3 X104, and 0.1, 0.7, respectively. Phase-averaged axial velocity and turbulent intensity profiles are presented to show the reduced frequency effects on the near-wake behind the airfoil oscillating in pitch. Axial velocity defects in the near-wake region have a tendency to increase in response to a reduced frequency during pitch up motion, whereas it tends to decrease during pitch down motion at a positive angle of attack. Turbulent intensity at positive angles of attack during the pitch up motion decreased in response to a reduced frequency, whereas turbulent intensity during the pitch down motion varies considerably with downstream stations. Although the true instantaneous angle of attack compensated for a phase-lag is large, the wake thickness of an oscillating airfoil is not always large because of laminar or turbulent separation.     

风力机柔性叶片翼型的气动特性研究

基于柔性叶片大尺寸变形的特点,选取NPU翼型作为研究对象,采用Xfoil软件计算不同弦向变形时翼型的升阻力系数及俯仰力矩系数,并总结翼型变形后升力系数计算的修正公式。研究表明,柔性叶片弦向弯曲变形越大,翼型的升力系数越大,阻力系数也会有小幅度增大,但升阻比总体呈现增大趋势,有利于提升气动性能。翼型变形后的气动特性计算修正公式的计算结果与模拟仿真的结果也吻合较好。