使用空气过滤器创造卫生舒适的室内空气环境

一、室内空气品质在污染控制、空调通风和公共卫生等领域,室内空气品质(简称IAQ)是近十几年来谈论的热门课题,并越来越引起公众和政府的重视。最初,IAQ被看作是一系列污染物浓度的指标。后来,人们发现这个纯粹客观的定义并不能完全反映IAQ的优劣。例如,     

建筑热环境和室内空气质量综合模拟软件介绍

本文首先阐述了研究室内空气品质(IAQ)问题的重要性和必要性,介绍了目前已有的与室内空气品质相关的模拟软件。而后,基于"室内健康、环保和节能"的理念,提出了新的室内污染物浓度动态网络模拟分析与评估软件(DeST-IAQ)的理论框架,主要是将自然通风通路和机械通风网络集成,构成建筑通风和污染物传播的多区域网络模型,实现建筑通风和污染物浓度的联合动态预测,解决建筑通风模型、热模型和IAQ模型统一模拟的难题,满足建筑物能耗和室内空气品质预测的双重需求。该软件已在一些实际案例中得到了初步应用,其实用性具有较好的实验验证。     

新风改善室内空气品质的量化与评价研究

向室内人员提供呼吸代谢必需的新鲜空气且有效控制室内人员的污染暴露水平,达到改善室内空气品质(IAQ)的目的,即为新风第一效应。完整的新风第一效应描述包括入室新风气流的流动特性、新风到达室内任意点的有效量、新风气流稀释运移污染物的能力和污染源强度与分布的影响特性。本文从新风效应发生过程中的质量迁移方面首次提出了新风效应第一因子FFOAE,完成对新风第一效应的量化与评价。应用结果表明,利用FFOAE能够有效揭示在新风改善IAQ的过程中新风气流与污染源各自的影响规律和二者之间的制约关系,识别影响新风改善IAQ效果的主导性因素和提高改善效果的关键策略,并且为新风量指标的合理确定、通风系统设计和优化提供理论指导。     

建材VOC吸附特性的研究进展

阐述了研究室内空气质量(IAQ)的重要性及建材吸附挥发性有机化合物(VOC)对IAQ的影响,介绍了建材VOC吸附特性的研究现状,指出了目前存在的研究局限,提出了努力的方向及研究目标.     

用于提高室内空气品质的新风预处理系统

随着对各种病态建筑综合症认识的逐步深入 ,国内的公众越来越注重室内空气品质( IAQ) ,迫切要求提高 IAQ.本文给出了几种新风预处理系统形式 ,可以经济有效的提高室内空气品质     

绿色环保建筑新宠:能量回收通风系统

鉴于目前推广绿色建筑、提高室内空气质量(IAQ)以及节约能源的趋势,在北美,能量回收通风系统(ERV)变得越来越重要.     

数值模拟用于室内空气质量控制的研究进展

介绍了室内空气模型和污染物模型的建立方法,以及IAQ的影响因素。指出了需要进一步研究的问题。     

低层住宅通风指南即将出台

美国供热制冷及空调工程师学会(ASHRAE)最近正在制定关于低层住宅通风和室内空气品质(IAQ)指     

室内空气品质及相关研究

介绍室内空气品质的国内外有关研究成果,包括IAQ问题引起关注的缘由,IAQ的影响因素、评价方法及改善IAQ的相关措施。     

确定建筑材料有害物散发量的三种传质模型

室内空气污染源散发量的确定是建立室内空气质量(IAQ)模型的重要步骤之一。目前研究建筑装饰材料和建筑涂料散发污染物的模型主要有经验模型和理论模型两类。经验模型简洁，但应用受到测试条件的限制，不具有普适性。基于传质理论而提出的理论模型目前研究较多，本文对研究建筑材料散发有害物的三个传质模型进行了评述。VB模型是一个简单的溶剂基室内涂料散发的总挥发性有机物(TVOC)的传质模型，低估了污染物的长期散发量。对流传质模型是基于界面平衡所导出的稳态模型，适用于固体和液体等材料的散发过程。Yang等提出的四层传质模型通常需与数值求解结合，计算较麻烦，但能较好地确定建筑材料散发挥发性有机物的散发量。     

生态建筑节能系统研究

AEP（空气-能量-植物）生态建筑节能系统的特点在于获得节能目标的同时得到高品质的室内空气质量IAQ和室内环境质量IEQ,减少PM2.5,为建筑节能和提高室内空气质量提供一个低成本的生态节能工程解决方案,在建筑电气与其他学科应用层面的结合上迈出了跨越性的一步。介绍AEP生态建筑节能系统的概念;AEP系统与室内空气质量、室内环境质量、植物绿量的关系;生态建筑节能系统的应用实例。     

空调系统新风和回风对室内空气品质的影响

分析了目前空调系统新风和回风对室内空气品质的影响，认为室内污染的不断增加是室内品质变坏的主要原因；新风的质量直接影响室内空气品质；回风是室内空气的二次污染源，导出了回风对室内空气污染的理论计算公式，文中认为新风率是20%能明显提高室内空气品质。     

Comparison of Data from an IAQ Test House with Predictions of an IAQ Computer Model

One of the objectives of EPA's indoor air quality (IAQ) program is to provide guidance on the impact of indoor sources on IAQ. A computer model, EXPOSURE, was developed to assist in this effort. EXPOSURE calculates pollutant concentration as a function of time for each room of the building. EXPOSURE includes effects of sources, sinks, room-to-room air movement, and air exchange with the outdoors. Several experiments designed to evaluate the impact of indoor sources on IAQ are described. Measured concentrations are compared with concentrations predicted by an IAQ model. The measured concentrations are in excellent agreement with the predictions. The model predictions and the experimental data demonstrate the importance of sinks in determining long-term IAQ.     

Uncertainty in indoor air quality and grey system method

Based on analysis of uncertainty, this paper presents grey system theory to handle the “grey” characteristic of IAQ. Grey comprehensive analysis of indoor air quality reveals that we should pay more attention to the air purification and humidity control in the design and maintenance of HVAC. In order to represent grey characteristic of IAQ system, the educed grey IAQ models can identify the variation intervals of key IAQ model parameters that are lack of directly measurable messages in practical situations. Furthermore, grey assessment is an effective multifactor comprehensive assessment method that can express the integrative influence of contamination indexes on indoor air quality. We can determine the IAQ grade and make comparison according to the grey incidence matrix R.     

Persistent allergic rhinitis and indoor air quality perception--an experimental approach

In order to compare patterns of indoor air perception, including perceptions of temperature, air movement, indoor air quality (IAQ), mental concentration, and comfort, 33 subjects either with persistent allergic rhinitis or controls were exposed to different temperatures and constant relative humidity in an experimental office environment. Results were obtained by means of a self-administered visual analogue scale, analyzed using mean score comparisons and principal component analysis. At 14 degrees C, the rhinitis group reported higher scores for sensations of air dryness than controls. At 18 degrees C, in the rhinitis group, there was a correlation between dry, stagnant air, and difficult mental concentration. This group also correlated heat, dry air, and poor IAQ, in contrast to the control group, which correlated comfort, easy mental concentration, and freshness. At 22 degrees C, the rhinitis group correlated heat, dryness, stagnant air, and overall discomfort. This group also correlated non-dry air, freshness, and comfort, whereas the control group correlated heat, humidity, good indoor air, freshness, and comfort. This study suggests that the rhinitis group perceives indoor temperatures of 14 degrees C as dryer than controls do, and that at 18 and 22 degrees C this group positively correlates different adverse perceptions of IAQ. By means of a self-administered questionnaire in an experimental condition, the present study compares subjective patterns of indoor air perception from individuals with respiratory allergy (allergic rhinitis) to control individuals. It reports different patterns of perception of indoor air quality (IAQ) between the two groups, suggesting that allergic individuals could have different IAQ perception.     

Effects of Modified Residential Construction on Indoor Air Quality

Indoor air quality (IAQ) was assessed in homes in an experimental community of single-family dwellings that had been built with materials chosen for low pollutant emission and other modified design features to provide enhanced residential indoor air quality. The IAQ was measured in six of these experimental homes and also in three conventionally built homes of similar size and price range. The IAQ was assessed shortly after construction before the houses were occupied and again after each of the houses had been occupied for five months. Before occupancy, there were higher levels of airborne panicles and of some volatile organic compounds in the conventional homes than in the experimental homes. During occupancy, benzene, ethylbenzene, m-and p-xylene, and o-xylene were all higher in the conventional homes, but dichloromethane, Freon 11, and trichlorethylene were higher in the experimental homes. In the conventional homes, mean levels of benzene and chloroform increased, whereas methylchlomform and toluene levels decreased from preoccupancy to occupancy. In the experimental homes, dichloromethane increased, and m-and p-xylene and o-xylene decreased from preoccupancy to occupancy. The results suggest that attached garages, geographical siting, and occupants' activities substantially influenced the IAQ in these homes. The enhanced indoor air quality homes tested in this study were judged to be at least partially effective, with the most obvious sustained IAQ benefits being related to the lack of an attached garage.     

The 3-year follow-up study in a block of flats - experiences in the use of the Finnish indoor climate classification

Indoor climate of two new blocks of flats was investigated. The case building was built for people with respiratory diseases by following the instructions of the Finnish Classification of Indoor Climate, Construction and Finishing Materials, while the control building was built using conventional building technology. The main indoor air parameters (temperature, relative humidity and levels of CO, CO2, ammonia, total volatile organic compounds, total suspended particles, fungal spores, bacteria and cat, dog and house dust mite allergens) were measured in six apartments of both the buildings on five occasions during the 3-year occupancy. In addition, a questionnaire to evaluate symptoms of the occupants and their satisfaction with their home environment was conducted in connection with indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements. The levels of indoor air pollutants in the case building were, in general, lower than those in the control building. In addition, the asthmatic occupants informed that their symptoms had decreased during the occupancy in the case building. This case study showed that high IAQ is possible to reach by careful design, proper materials and equipment and on high-quality construction with reasonable additional costs. In addition, the study indicated that good IAQ can also be maintained during the occupancy, if sufficient information on factors affecting IAQ and guidance on proper use and care of equipment are available for occupants.     

住宅负压新风系统的研究现状及其发展前景

住宅室内空气品质(LAQ)的好坏将直接影响着人们的身体健康.主要针对目前住宅室内空气品质方面所存在的问题,重点介绍了住宅负压新风系统的工作原理、特点、研究现状及其发展前景.