水库群供水调度预警系统研究及应用

针对水库供水调度的实时性和不确定性,通过分析入库径流超越机率,以缺水率最小为目标函数,建立水库群供水调度模型,并应用基于免疫进化的蚁群算法对模型进行求解,绘制水库群供水调度操作规线;应用模糊数学、信息熵等原理,确定现状水库供水指标D、未来供水水情指标S以及水库供水预警指标和应变措施,建立了水库群供水调度预警系统。实例计算表明,本文建立的水库供水预警系统能够合理、有效地为调度操作人员提供正确、及时的决策。     

基于多重迭代算法的梯级水库群调度图优化方法

基于梯级水库群中各水库的常规调度图,建立了以梯级水库群多年平均发电量最大为目标的梯级水库群调度图优化数学模型,提出了基于多重迭代实现高维模型降维的求解算法,即以轮库迭代法实现空间多水库降维,以轮线迭代法实现单一水库多调度线降维,以逐次优化算法实现调度线状态降维。万安溪-白沙梯级水库群的算例计算结果表明,该优化方法能获得形态合理的优化调度图,并能有效提高水库群发电量。     

塔里木灌区水库群水资源优化调度模型研究

塔里木灌区位于塔里木河上游,其引水量直接影响到塔河的综合治理。为缓和这一矛盾,本文采用大系统分解协调技术与动态规划相结合的方法对该灌区水库群系统水资源优化配置问题进行了分析和研究,构建了该灌区两层二级结构的水库优化调度系统的数学模型。应用该模型对该灌区水库群进行了实例计算分析,为灌区生产计划和水库调度提供了理论依据。     

流域梯级水库群联合调度研究进展

在阐述国内外梯级水库群联合调度研究的基础上,系统分析了现阶段水库调度的新理念,讨论了梯级水库群联合优化调度在防洪和兴利方面的优点,论述了优化调度过程中确定性方法和不确定性方法的优缺点,并指出当前调度管理中存在调度管理信息化建设不够完善、对流域生态环境造成负面影响等问题。建议:1在运行模式方面将水库调度原则和电力市场原则相结合,在调度模型方面构建既符合实际又便于求解的模型,在模型求解方面引进新理论、新技术;2建立包含梯级水库计算机监测控制系统、水情自动测报系统等为一体的水库优化调度管理模式;3将生态调度纳入联合调度统一考虑,积极探索梯级水库群防洪、兴利与生态环境相互协调、统一的水库综合调度方式,将水库群对河流生态和库区水环境造成的负面影响控制在可承受范围内。     

基于DPSA 的梯级水库群优化调度

动态规划法是一种求解多阶段决策优化问题的常用方法,在水库优化调度计算中应用广泛。该方法最大的缺陷就是用于水库群优化调度时易出现"维数灾"问题。逐次逼近动态规划法(DPSA)可以有效克服这一问题,它采用逐次迭代逼近的思想,将一个多维问题分解为多个一维问题求解。本文以水库运行模拟模型为基础,建立了基于DPSA的梯级水库群中长期优化调度模型,以汉江上游梯级水库群为研究对象,选取发电量最大为目标,对各水库库容进行离散,从而求解水库优化运行过程,其结果对于水库优化调度运行具有指导意义。     

黄河干流水库联合调度模拟优化模型及人机对话算法

本文针对黄河干流水库联合调度建立了模拟优化模型，考虑到模型特点及求解困难，文中提出了基于等出力试算，考虑库群补偿调节的人机对话算法，以实现对复杂水库群系统的模拟仿真，寻求水库联合调度的“满意策略”     

新疆山区水库参与调度对灌区种植业与水库群联合调度影响研究——以玛纳斯河灌区为例

以新疆玛纳斯河灌区为例,通过对比山区肯斯瓦特水库参与调度前后灌区种植业产值与水库群联合调度方案,分析了山区水库参与调度对灌区种植业与水库群联合调度的影响。结果表明,肯斯瓦特水库参与调度可在较大程度上提高灌区水库群蓄水能力以及联合调度灵活性,削减水库群蒸发损失与弃水量,但水库群渗漏损失总量可能会增大,最终减少水库群总水量损失。在增加灌区种植业产值与总种植面积的同时提高水库群年平均蓄水量,有利于灌区种植业经济发展与生态环境的改善。在灌溉季节,应尽可能将水量蓄存在山区水库以减少水量损失并增加水库群联合调度灵活性,但在蓄水期可适当增加平原水库蓄水量以缓解山区水库蓄水能力不够的困难。     

毕节市白甫河流域水库群联合调度供水研究

为了保证白甫河流域内生活用水、下游生态用水、毕节煤电化一体化项目的供水及工农业用水,对流域内的6个水库进行联合优化调节计算,以水库群的年供水量最大为目标,建立水库群联合调度模型并进行优化求解.     

西北内陆河流域水库群生态调度模型

针对石羊河流域宏观的水资源配置和调度中的生态问题,探讨了西北内陆河流域水库群生态调度模型的内涵和准则,指出生态调度不仅仅要满足库区及水库下游的河道生态需求,并考虑水库控制的各供水片区的生态环境要求;以单个水库控制的虚拟供水片区作为计算单元进行概化,以供水过程相对均匀为目标函数,以减轻库群建设及运行对生态环境的负面影响为主要约束,建立了石羊河流域水库群生态调度数学模型,并给出具体的模型求解方法和水库群调度方式。     

江苏盱眙县混联水库群防洪优化调度研究

随着我国河流防洪系统的不断完善,水库群联合防洪的作用逐渐显现,且计算机科学技术的飞速发展,使水库优化调度方案越发丰富。针对混联水库群的结构特征,考虑水库群的防洪能力、下游河道的安全泄量及河道洪水演进规律,建立了以最大削峰为目标的混联水库联合调度模型,并通过改进粒子群算法求解。以江苏淮安市盱眙县桂五水库—山洪水库—龙王山水库防洪调度系统为例,将20年一遇设计洪水和50年一遇设计洪水作为输入条件,计算结果显示,经优化调度后龙王山水库最大下泄流量较规程调度分别削减了10.4%、13.5%,且优化调度在一定程度上减小了水库最大占用库容,更有利于下游防洪对象的安全、水库自身的安全运行。     

水电站水库群防洪补偿联合调度模型研究及应用

针对具有下游防洪任务的水电站水库群,提出基于预报及库容补偿的水库群防洪补偿联合调度逐次渐进协调模型,推求水库汛期防洪库容动态控制方案。该模型运用了大系统分解协调理论及贝尔曼的逐步逼近思想,以各水库为独立的子系统建立3层递阶结构,针对库间水力、电力联系及防洪库容限制等复杂的约束条件进行不同层次的协调。模型经过多次迭代计算,得到最佳的水库群防洪库容协调方案。该模型应用于清江流域梯级水库,计算结果表明,在不降低水库及梯级原有的防洪标准前提下,能有效利用上游水布垭水库的防洪库容,分担隔河岩水库部分防洪任务,并显著提高梯级水库发电量。     

龙羊峡和刘家峡水库联合调度问题探讨

龙羊峡水库投运以来，遭遇到了罕见的连续枯水年，电网在获得“水火互浊”便得的同时，更经受了水电站“靠天吃饭”所造成的困难，通过分析天然径流及水库特性，对近年来的水库调度作了初步总结和分析，论述了水库调度方法必须要适应水库性能，对龙羊峡，刘家峡两水库进行联合调度必须以水库调度图为基本依据，电网及其他部位的用水要服从水库设计规定，以保持水库的正常运行状态。     

基于模糊物元和墒权迭代理论的水库兴利调度综合评价方法

基于墒权迭代理论和模糊物元法建立多目标水库兴利调度的综合评价方法。该评价方法不仅可直接确定评价目标的无偏好权重,还能根据可行方案综合贴近度大小决定最优方案。由于评价过程中隐含了水库兴利调度的特点及专家和水库管理人员的经验意见,因此有效地避免了评价目标权重及优选方案确定的人为偏好性。应用该方法对浙江省悬渚水库11种可行兴利调度方案进行了评价,确定的最优调度方案与模糊模式识别交叉迭代模型评价结果一致,且明显优于现行调度方案,验证了该方法切实可行且可操作性强。     

Development and application of a simulation model for reservoir management

The success of irrigation system operation and planning depends on accurate quantification of supply and demand, and an equitable distribution of available water. The ultimate aim of this study was to determine how to meet the irrigation water demands if possible or to minimize the gap between the water supply and the demand. Most of the irrigation literature focuses only on the demand and the distribution aspects of this issue Irrigation projects that receive water from reservoirs, however, can be challenging to manage because the annual fluctuations in available water release from a reservoir can have a considerable impact on the irrigation management strategy. In real‐world situations, the reservoir operating rules guide reservoir operators in making actual water release decisions. This study develops a water balance simulation model for reservoir management, as well as testing it for Kangsabati Reservoir, West Bengal, India. Two rule curves for deciding irrigation water available from the reservoir were generated by taking the average and minimum stage values on a daily basis for a 16‐year period (1988–2003). Maintaining a minimum stage of 120.4 m throughout the year served as another rule to decide the release water available for irrigation. The minimum allowable stage of reservoir corresponding to a particular date of the year can be determined from those reservoir specific rule curves generated for irrigation purposes. The maximum permissible water release/outflow for irrigation from the test reservoir was taken as the volume of water available above the minimum allowable stage corresponding to the selected rule curve. The saturated hydraulic conductivity value (K_S) was calibrated to be 4.31 mm day^?1 for Kangsabati Reservoir.     

《水库调度设计规范》中两级调度图编制方法的改进研究

应用《水库调度设计规范》(GB/T 50587—2010)编制灌溉(供水)结合发电的综合利用两级调度图过程中,经过多次的检验和修改仍不能准确满足设计任务的要求。针对规范中编制方法的问题,提出了一种改进方法。改进方法消除了规范推荐方法的不合理计算和编制问题,准确计算编制了各条基本调度线。实际工程应用结果表明,用改进方法可以提高水库综合调度设计的合理性,改进方法可适用于年调节和多年调节水库,两级调度图可一次性编制成功,无需再反复地检验和修改,能准确地满足灌溉和发电任务的要求。     

长江上游水库群联合调度中的泥沙问题

长江上游已形成以三峡水库为核心的世界上规模最大的巨型水库群,2012年开始实施上述水库群的联合调度。分析了水库群联合调度中,与水库泥沙密切关联的汛期防洪、汛末蓄水和汛前消落调度方案及其对水库泥沙带来的影响。在较为深入、系统地研究了长江泥沙变化规律及其原因、水库淤积和长江中下游河床冲刷特性的基础上,对水库群联合调度中面临的水库淤积与长期使用问题,以三峡水库为例,提出了精细化的"蓄清排浑"和库尾减淤等泥沙调度方法。对水库群水沙联调,促进流域泥沙合理配置以及水库群联合调度条件下的泥沙问题与应对措施等提出了建议。     

Multi-objective Decision-Making for the Ecological Operation of Built Reservoirs Based on the Improved Comprehensive Fuzzy Evaluation Method

With the social progress and economic development, people have put forward requirements for the ecological operation of built reservoirs. However, there are conflicts between the ecological landscape and the existing benefits such as irrigation and flood control, so it is necessary to build a decision-making model for the comprehensive value of the ecological operation of reservoirs. Taking a reservoir project which needs to satisfy multi-objective requirements as an example, this paper proposes a set of decision-making methods for ecological operation of built reservoirs based on improved comprehensive fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and constructs a multi-objective decision-making model and optimization strategy combination. Through case analysis in this paper, the improved comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method has a good effect on multi-objective decision-making of ecological dispatching of built reservoirs. The research shows that the combination strategy of improving the reservoir’s water storage capacity and the water-saving supporting transformation measures has a good effect, which can reduce the waste of the reservoir diversion project and large-scale high-efficiency water-saving transformation project construction. It embodies the idea of water-saving priorities and space balance and has broad application prospects in the optimization of reservoir ecological dispatch.

     

基于多目标差分进化算法的水库多目标防洪调度研究

为求解水库多目标防洪优化调度问题,提出一种基于自适应柯西变异的多目标差分进化算法,克服了早熟收敛问题,提高了收敛精度;同时,根据多目标优化的特点对差分算子进行修正,并引入外部档案技术,提高了算法的收敛速度。本文以坝前最高水位最低、最大下泄流量最小和汛末水位最接近汛限水位为目标,对三峡水库展开多目标防洪调度研究,结果表明,该算法可在较短时间内生成大量在各目标分布均匀、分布范围广的非劣调度方案供决策者评价优选,为水库多目标防洪调度决策提供了一种新的调度方案生成方法。     

Ant Colony Optimization for Multi-Purpose Reservoir Operation

In this paper a metaheuristic technique called Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is proposed to derive operating policies for a multi-purpose reservoir system. Most of the real world problems often involve non-linear optimization in their solution with high dimensionality and large number of equality and inequality constraints. Often the conventional techniques fail to yield global optimal solutions. The recently proposed evolutionary algorithms are also facing problems, while solving large-scale problems. In this study, it is intended to test the usefulness of ACO in solving such type of problems. To formulate the ACO model for reservoir operation, the problem is approached by considering a finite time series of inflows, classifying the reservoir volume into several class intervals, and determining the reservoir release for each period with respect to a predefined optimality criterion. The ACO technique is applied to a case study of Hirakud reservoir, which is a multi-purpose reservoir system located in India. The multiple objectives comprise of minimizing flood risks, minimizing irrigation deficits and maximizing hydropower production in that order of priority. The developed model is applied for monthly operation, and consists of two models viz., for short-time horizon operation and for long-time horizon operation. To evaluate the performance of ACO, the developed models are also solved using real coded Genetic Algorithm (GA). The results of the two models indicate that ACO model performs better, in terms of higher annual power production, while satisfying irrigation demands and flood control restrictions, compared to those obtained by GA. Finally it is found that ACO model outperforms GA model, especially in the case of long-time horizon reservoir operation.     

山区灌区蓄水池分级方法探讨

针对山区或丘陵等提水灌区年运行费用中,提水动力费所占比例大且高的实际情况,提出了分级设置蓄水池的设计理念,以减少灌溉系统的提水费用,从而达到降低年运行费的目的。论述了灌溉系统的系统投资函数、年运行费函数等一系列函数,并且以工程经济学中的年费用最小为准则,建立了蓄水池最优分级数学模型。还对蓄水池分级方法进行了阐述,并通过模型求解最终确定蓄水池的最优分级数。