HSK刀柄-主轴结合面接触特性及其影响分析

以HSK刀柄-主轴为研究对象,采用有限元方法对HSK-A63型刀柄-主轴结合面接触特性及主轴系统动态特性进行了仿真分析。分析结果表明：高转速条件下,转速对接触面积影响较大,接触面积随转速增大而减小。夹紧力对接触应力影响较大,在转速和过盈量一定时,接触应力随夹紧力增大而增大,且接触应力的分布情况会发生变化。刀柄-主轴结合面对主轴系统固有频率、振动幅值影响显著,考虑结合面影响后,主轴系统的固有频率降低,振动幅值增大。     

无级变速器夹紧力控制方法的可靠性

从确定目标夹紧力、设计控制算法和验证传动可靠性三个方面,对无级变速器夹紧力控制中的可靠性问题进行了研究。澄清了绝对安全系数与相对安全系数在概念上的混淆,指出错误地采用相对安全系数法不能保证夹紧力的可靠性。分析了惯性力矩和计算流程对主动轮扭矩计算误差的影响,给出了主动轮扭矩的正确计算方法。提出了夹紧力控制算法的模块化和通用化,设计了夹紧力通用复合控制算法。实验分析了速比控制对夹紧力的耦合作用,指出低速重载工况下为防止金属带打滑必须限制速比变化率。分析了最容易引起金属带打滑的工况,对车辆从冰面打滑状态突然进入水泥路面的行驶过程进行了仿真,验证了夹紧力控制方法的可靠性。     

基于弹流润滑的无级变速器滑移控制安全区域分析

针对无级变速器滑移模式下传动失效概率增大的问题，基于弹流润滑理论分析了不同传递转矩和相对滑动速度情况下，从动轮摩擦副油膜压力、厚度及其剪切应力变化情况，建立了安全裕度模型，基于油膜极限剪切应力与最大剪切应力计算了摩擦副的安全裕度，并确定了滑移控制的安全工作区域，为滑移控制策略的制定与优化提供了依据。研究结果表明：随着从动带轮传递转矩、相对滑动速度的增大，摩擦副的安全裕度逐渐减小；当传递转矩小于130 N·m时，在所有相对滑移速度范围内均可保证摩擦副油膜处于安全状态;当传递转矩大于130 N·m时，随着相对速度的增大，摩擦副油膜失效概率增大。     

离心力补偿卡盘高速回转夹紧特性研究

通过对高速切削过程中卡盘和工件的受力与变形分析，建立了离心力补偿卡盘夹紧力变化的理论分析计算模型，并进行了实验验证。研究了卡盘的实际夹紧力变化、离心力补偿效率、夹紧力迟滞等高速回转夹紧特性，指出了卡盘设计和使用中应注意的问题，为更加合理有效地发挥离心力补偿卡盘的高速潜能、提高高速车削过程的安全性提供了科学的技术依据。     

基于ANSYS的高速动力卡盘有限元分析

利用ANSYS建立了高速动力卡盘有限元分析模型,针对传动系统中楔心套和滑座这2个关键零件,计算分析了其在极限工作载荷作用下的强度和刚度,同时系统分析了主要配合面的摩擦系数和工作参数对卡爪静态夹紧力和关键零件强度的影响。该有限元模型具有较高的精度,对动力卡盘的优化设计和应用以及夹紧力计算具有指导意义。     

基于ANSYS的高速动力卡盘有限元分析

利用ANSYS建立了高速动力卡盘有限元分析模型,针对传动系统中楔心套和滑座这2个关键零件,计算分析了其在极限工作载荷作用下的强度和刚度,同时系统分析了主要配合面的摩擦系数和工作参数对卡爪静态夹紧力和关键零件强度的影响。该有限元模型具有较高的精度,对动力卡盘的优化设计和应用以及夹紧力计算具有指导意义。     

线性摩擦焊机夹具系统弹性变形对焊接过程的影响

线性摩擦焊机是研制高推比航空发动机整体叶盘的关键设备,其核心是产生往复运动的振动系统。在振动系统往复运动中,固定夹具系统在往复摩擦力的作用下,不可避免的产生弹性振动和机械位移。通过建立线性摩擦焊接过程的动力学理论模型,研究了固定夹具的弹性振动对线性摩擦焊机振动系统驱动力、机械功率及产热功率的影响。指出线性摩擦焊接过程中,夹具系统的刚性对于焊接过程有很大的影响。固定夹具系统的弹性变形降低了摩擦界面的产热功率。摩擦阻力对驱动系统输出功率及摩擦产热功率的影响存在转折点,摩擦阻力过大,驱动系统输出功率及摩擦产热功率反而会下降,因此必须保证线性摩擦焊机夹具系统的刚性。该研究为进行线性摩擦焊机的设计提供了理论依据。     

大吨位校直机顶尖驱动计算方法

根据顶尖夹持工件时工件受力分析的力学参数,利用数学积分准确计算出夹持力的值,应用该方法计算的夹持力可以保证工件启动平稳,且启动和停止无打滑.试验表明,该方法适用性好,计算精度高.     

Friction and wear behavior of pure carbon strip sliding against copper contact wire under AC passage at high speeds

A series of tests on the friction and wear behaviour of pure carbon strip/copper contact wire with alternating current were conducted on a ring-on-block sliding tester at a high speed. The electric current, normal force and sliding velocity have distinct effects on the test results. The worn scar has the smallest size without electric current. The worn scar becomes larger with increasing electric current. Arc ablation pits, dark stream-lines of arc ablation, slipping marks, spalling blocks and the copper-like layer are found on the worn surfaces. Arc erosion, abrasive wear and adhesive wear are main wear mechanisms.     

铰链夹紧机构的设计及增力特性分析

铰链夹紧机构具有结构简单、增力倍数大、摩擦损失小等优点,在生产实际中得到广泛的应用。笔者从机床夹具中广泛应用的铰链夹紧机构着手,介绍了铰链夹紧机构的基本形式、主要设计参数等,着重介绍了铰链夹紧机构设计计算和机构增力特性的分析。     

大型起竖设备四级液压缸的动力学建模

大型起竖设备四级液压缸因内部结构复杂,且负载很大,摩擦力特性较为复杂,以往对其动力学建模时常常忽略摩擦力。而快速起竖系统要求对速度进行精确规划控制,以减缓换级冲击,且液压缸结构稳定性分析时也需要准确找到危险工况,其中摩擦力是很关键的一个因素。LuGre摩擦模型能较好描述大部分情况下的摩擦稳态、瞬态特性,据此,考虑滑动油膜动态等性方程,基于LuGre模型对四级缸摩擦力建模,而后对风载荷、起竖力等进行分析,进而对起竖过程动力学建模。该研究所建的全新动力学模型可为起竖速度的精确控制和油缸应力应变及模态分析提供参考。     

Fundamental Understanding of Environmental Effects on Adhesion and Friction: Alcohol and Water Adsorption Cases

Layers of adsorbed vapor molecules have profound impacts on adhesion and friction. This article reviews fundamental aspects of alcohol and water adsorption effects on adhesion and friction. Capillary force, a component of adhesion force which arises from the liquid meniscus that forms between contacting surfaces, shows a strong vapor partial pressure dependence that is not explained by theory which neglects the adsorbed layer. Theoretical calculations accounting for the adsorbed layer give good agreement with experimentally measured adhesion forces at the nanoscale. Nanoscale friction measurements are also strongly affected by the meniscus and adsorbed layer. Conventional contact mechanics theory could not fully explain the load dependence of nanoscale friction, especially at vapor partial pressures below saturation. However, when the effect of the meniscus is included in theoretical analysis of experimental data, it is found that the friction depends on the shear strength change in the contract area and the dragging of the meniscus formed around the contact. The meniscus dragging term is dominant at low loads but becomes inconsequential at higher loads. When the adsorbed layer assumes structural ordering or causes tribochemical reactions, their adhesion and friction behaviors are further complicated and deviated from simple contact mechanics.     

Evaluation of surface topography parameters for friction prediction in stamping

The continued globalisation of the automotive industry, leading to increasing demands for competitiveness and escalating legislative requirements, is the main driving force of research activities of steel sheet surfaces. Recent studies on the stamping process have been carried out among others within AUTOsurf, a project funded by the European Community, and by Wihlborg and Crafoord. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of the proposed parameters for friction prediction. Seventeen different surface topographies were investigated. The sheet materials were either, hot-dip galvanised, electrogalvanised or galvannealed, and electron beam or electric discharged textures. The frictional response was measured in a bending under tension (BUT) test under mixed lubricated conditions. This BUT test simulates the conditions of the die radius in a stamping tool. The laboratory test differs from the experimental work performed in AUTOsurf which simulated the conditions of the holding-down plate. In spite of the differences in test equipments in AUTOsurf, e.g. the rotational friction tester (RTF), on a comparison the correlation of frictional response was significant. But neither of the proposed parameters could predict the frictional response with sufficient accuracy in this study. In addition, the friction model in AUTOsurf describes peak lubrication as a dragging phenomenon on sliding surfaces. The movement eased friction in inverse proportion to the average peak area. However, the trend in this study showed the opposite, movement eased friction proportionally to the average peak area. The result indicates a switch of dominant friction mechanism when the sliding velocity is increased, i.e. from a dragging phenomenon at low velocities to micro-hydrodynamic wedge effects at high velocities.     

Stick-Slip Motion in Boundary Lubrication

Using dynamical analysis for a pin-on-disk sliding system and the consideration of meniscus formation at the sliding interface, a wide range of experimental observations on stick-slip motion can be explained. It is shown that when the initial growth rate of the static friction force is larger than about half the product of the substrate speed and the spring constant, slick-slip motion occurs in that sliding system. The critical substrate speed or the critical spring constant, above which stick-slip motion ceases, can thus be determined. It is also shown that the saturation substrate speed, below which stick-slip motion retains its maximum stick-slip amplitude, is inversely proportional to the total growth time of the static friction force. The maximum stick-slip amplitude is proportional to the final difference between the static and kinetic friction force. For a thicker surface liquid-film, the initial growth rate and the final static friction force are larger but the total growth time is shorter, resulting in a larger critical speed, a larger stick-slip amplitude, and a larger saturation speed. For rougher contact surfaces, the initial growth rate is larger but the final static friction force and the total growth lime are smaller, resulting in a larger critical speed, a smaller stick-slip amplitude, and a larger saturation speed.     

Friction and Wear at High Sliding Speeds

Sliding tests have been carried out using a variety of soft metal and nonmetal pins on a rotating steel disk at speeds up to 150 m/s. A new high-speed friction apparatus in which the normal force, the friction force and the friction coefficient are recorded, was used. In general, the wear rate increased drastically, and the friction coefficient decreased moderately as the sliding speed was raised, these changes being especially pronounced when pin materials of low melting temperature were used. The friction data are in good agreement with those obtained by others using the pin-on-disk geometry. However, although in many cases the interface reached the melting temperature of the lower melting sliding material, the very low friction coefficient values of under 0.05 reported by some investigators were not reached.     

基于转矩的低附路面机械式自动变速器控制策略

从机械式自动变速器控制系统所能获取的有限数据,判断行驶路面的附着系数以及车辆轮胎打滑情况,并进行驱动防滑控制;通过发动机转矩、变速器数据、整车状态等对车辆正常的加速度范围进行计算,并和轮速加速度进行比较,以确定车轮打滑情况。根据轮加速度的大小进一步判断路面附着系数。轮胎打滑时,通过对发动机的降扭和离合器的控制,实现驱动防滑的控制;在试验车辆上进行低附路面识别和控制的试验,能够正确识别出路面附着系数。在低附路面起步时,通过打滑时发动机转矩和离合器的控制,避免了车轮连续的滑转,大大提高了车辆的稳定性。这说明该低附路面识别和控制方法是可行的,能够在车上使用。     

基于汽车无级变速器最佳传动效率的夹紧力控制策略研究

影响汽车无级变速器传动效率的决定性因素是夹紧力控制。过小的夹紧力会导致金属带与带轮产生滑转,过度的滑动会使金属带与带轮接触面间磨损严重,同时有效转矩传递的可靠性也随之下降。过大的夹紧力不但会增加不必要的摩擦损失,而且会降低金属带及带轮使用寿命,所需较大的液压系统压力也会导致发动机消耗于油泵的能量增加。通过对滑转率的分析和研究可以合理确定夹紧力的数值使其大小适度并一直处于最佳夹紧状态,无级变速器的传动效率就可以得到效提高。     

湿式摩擦副滑摩过程温度场分析及实验验证

湿式摩擦副滑摩过程温度场与应力场相互耦合作用,温度场分布受到多种因素影响,其中压力、旋转速度、润滑流量作为湿式摩擦副工作参数对其温度场的影响尤为显著。在理论分析基础上,采用有限元数值模拟分析与实验研究相结合的方法,对摩擦界面温度场时空分布特性进行研究,同时研究界面温度场在摩擦副工作压力、相对转速和润滑流量作用下的变化规律。研究表明:在对偶钢片和摩擦片近外径侧更易出现高温和应力集中区,且对偶钢片相对于摩擦片更易出现温度和应力分布不均匀情况;温度场中高温集中区与应力场中应力集中区相对应,最大温度随着压力增加、相对转速增大、润滑流量减少而显著上升,该结果得到试验结果的验证。     

Velocity-Dependent Adhesion with Lubricants on Thin-Film Disks

The well-known problem of stiction in a magnetic disk drive largely depends on the forces induced by the presence of a thin liquid film. It is commonly recognized that both adhesive and viscous effects contribute to the magnitude of the stiction force, but is is not known what relative roles the two effects have in a lubricated contact. In the present work, the nature of adhesive and viscous effects is investigated for the slider/disk interface under conditions of constant-speed sliding.

Friction measurements are conducted over a range of sliding speeds, 0.25-250 mm/s, with eight perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants applied in various thicknesses, 0-6.6 nm, to carbon-coated magnetic thin-film disks. The lubricants were selected to cover a broad range of viscosities. For several sliding speeds and lubricant film thicknesses, the friction force is found to decrease significantly with increasing sliding speed for all lubricants. In several instances, large friction forces are observed at the lowest sliding speeds, indicating stiction-like behavior, whereas, at higher speeds, the friction is reduced to even below unlubricated friction levels. At the highest film thickness and sliding speed, the friction was found to increase with speed for some lubricants. The implications of these results on current models of lubricant-mediated adhesion are discussed.     

Contributions of Mobile and Bonded Molecules to Dynamic Friction of Nanometer-Thick Perfluoropolyether Films Coated on Magnetic Disk Surfaces

To protect the interface against intermittent head–disk contact in hard disk drives, nanometer-thick perfluoropolyether (PFPE) films consisting of both “bonded” and “mobile” molecules are applied on the disk surfaces. Because of their different adsorption states and mobility, the bonded and mobile molecules are supposed to contribute differently to friction properties, which directly impact the stability of ultra-low flying head–disk interfaces. By measuring the friction force at light loads and low to high speeds as a function of bonded and mobile film thicknesses, we studied the contributions of bonded and mobile molecules to the dynamic friction of nanometer-thick PFPE films. We found that the friction coefficient of lubricant films without or with less bonded molecules increased as a power function of sliding speed, whereas that of lubricant films with more bonded molecules increased logarithmically with sliding speed. We suggest that these results can be explained by the following mechanisms: the dynamic friction of lubricant films without and with less bonded molecules is dominated by shear thinning behavior of mobile molecules, while that of lubricant films with more bonded molecules is governed by bonded molecules which lead to boundary lubrication.