无机膜陶瓷支撑体研究进展

综述了无机膜支撑体的研究和发展状况,着重介绍了陶瓷支撑体的主要制备方法:干压(半干压)成型法、注浆成型法和挤压成型法,综合评述了这些方法的优缺点和目前国内外主要研究进展.对制备过程中的主要影响因素作了初步探讨,并指出目前无机膜陶瓷支撑体的研究过程中存在的主要问题.     

陶瓷分离膜支撑体材料制备技术研究

对陶瓷分离膜支撑体材料的国内外研究和发展状况作了综合评述,介绍了几种陶瓷支撑体的制备方法,并评述了这些方法的优缺点.初步探讨了制备过程中的主要影响因素.     

浸渍-裂解法增强碳化硅-堇青石支撑体强度

陶瓷过滤膜在高温烟气分离领域有着重要的应用,其关键问题在于提高陶瓷支撑体在热冲击和酸性条件下的热稳定性.本研究采用SiC-堇青石作为陶瓷支撑体材料,利用浸渍-裂解法制备得到SiC-堇青石陶瓷支撑体.研究结果表明,通过浸渍-裂解法有效地消除了支撑体的弱结合区域,同时前驱体原位形成修补相,共同提高了体系的强度.最终制备的S...     

粉煤灰基陶瓷膜支撑体的制备及性能研究

本文以粉煤灰为主要原料,制备了水处理用陶瓷膜支撑体。结合物相组成、显微形貌研究了氧化铝掺量及烧成温度对粉煤灰陶瓷支撑体物理性能的影响。结果表明:当粉煤灰含量为80%,烧成温度为1300℃时,制备的粉煤灰陶瓷支撑体气孔率可达49%、抗弯强度可达23MPa、样品收缩率4.8%、孔径分布均匀、水通量性能表现优异,可作为水处理陶瓷支撑体使用。     

支撑体生坯浸涂溶胶（一步法）制备不对称结构陶瓷超滤膜的研究

无机陶瓷膜的低成本化日益受到重视。在此以降低陶瓷膜制备成本为出发点,采用在支撑体生坯上浸涂勃姆石溶胶,经干燥烧结后制备具有不对称结构的无机陶瓷超滤膜。考察了更具成本优势的常温水解氯化铝制勃姆石溶胶和传统异丙醇铝制勃姆石溶胶两种溶胶在涂膜时缺陷控制的方法。溶胶中添加PVA可以有效降低溶胶涂层缺陷。在支撑体生坯上浸涂勃姆石溶胶,支撑体与涂层一次烧结制备的不对称结构的陶瓷膜孔隙率与未涂膜支撑体相同,对PVA1750的截留率为90.7%。相对于传统烧成支撑体涂膜的多次烧结工艺,表现出了更低成本优势。     

多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的制备研究进展

多孔陶瓷膜支撑体是陶瓷膜制备与应用的基础.本文概述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体主要的制备工艺及其特点;探讨了制备过程中影响多孔陶瓷膜支撑体结构及性能的因素;综述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体研究现状,并对多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的发展趋势进行了展望.     

快速升温法制备陶瓷超滤膜的研究

无机陶瓷膜的低成本化日益受到重视。以降低陶瓷膜制备成本为出发点，采用在支撑体生坯上浸涂勃姆石溶胶，经干燥快速烧结后制备了具有不对称结构的无机陶瓷超滤膜。考察了更具成本优势的常温水解氯化铝制勃姆石溶胶和传统异丙醇铝制勃姆石溶胶两种溶胶在涂膜时缺陷控制的方法。溶胶中添加PVA可以有效降低溶胶涂层缺陷。在支撑体生坯上浸涂勃姆石溶胶，支撵体与涂层一次烧结制备的不对称结构的陶瓷膜孔隙率与未涂膜支撑体相同，对PVA1750的截留率为90．7％。相对于传统烧成支撑体涂膜的多次烧结工艺，烧结成本下降75％，表现出了更低成本优势。     

泥料含水量对粉煤灰陶瓷膜支撑体性能的影响

泥料含水量是陶瓷生产中的重要参数,会影响陶瓷的收缩率、抗弯强度等性能。以电厂粉煤灰为主要原材料、糊精为造孔剂、羧甲基纤维素为黏结剂,采用挤出成型法制备了管状多孔陶瓷膜支撑体。通过控制陶瓷泥料用水量和烧结保温时间制备了不同支撑体,并对支撑体进行性能表征,考察了泥料含水量和烧结保温时间对支撑体微观结构、收缩率、孔隙率、孔径以及机械强度等性能的影响。结果表明：在水/固质量比质量为0.19时,1 150℃保温烧结2 h获得孔隙率40.5%、抗弯强度23.6 MPa、平均孔径0.41μm的支撑体。制备的支撑体应用于脱硫废水微滤处理,固体悬浮物截留率99.98%。为制备低成本粉煤灰陶瓷膜支撑体提供研究基础,有利于膜法水处理的扩大化应用。     

天然矿物低成本制备多孔陶瓷支撑体

陶瓷支撑体是多孔陶瓷膜应用的基础。对于传统陶瓷支撑体(如氧化铝),昂贵的原料价格及较高的烧结成本限制了其进一步应用。因此,选用合适的天然矿物原料来实现陶瓷支撑体的低成本制备成为当前研究重点。本工作以高岭土、滑石、碳酸钙为原料,制备出系列多孔陶瓷支撑体。采用热膨胀仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、压汞仪、万能试验机对坯体的烧结特性以及多孔陶瓷支撑体的物相组成、显微结构、孔径尺寸分布、抗弯强度和耐酸碱腐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明：坯体具有优良的低温烧结特性,通过化学反应烧结机制实现了多孔陶瓷支撑体的制备。烧结温度在1 000～1 200℃间较为适宜,所得支撑体的显微结构均匀,孔径呈单峰分布,开口气孔率、平均孔径尺寸、抗弯强度、0.1 MPa气体压力差下氮气通量分别为49.8%～49.4%、1.09～1.83μm、40.57～28.85 MPa、119～340 m3·m–2·h–1,同时具有良好的耐碱腐蚀性能。     

多孔陶瓷分离膜支撑体的制备研究

采用氧化铝为主要原料制备出多孔陶瓷分离膜支撑体,对原料粉体做了TG/DSC曲线分析,研究了支撑体的烧结温度对收缩率的影响及烧结温度、保温时间和原料粉体粒径对孔结构、孔径的影响,造孔剂用量对孔隙率的影响。结果表明：在烧结温度为1200℃,保温时间4h,控制造孔剂用量大于20%时,制备出孔径分布均匀,孔隙率大于50%,符合透水要求的多孔陶瓷分离膜支撑体。     

Microstructural characterization and gas permeation performance of freeze-cast alumina supports

One of the major challenges for obtaining asymmetric membranes has been the preparation of ceramic supports with tailored pore structures. The methods commonly used for processing these materials do not allow a fine control of the support structure, which may decrease their mass transport capacity. As a consequence, freeze-casting is a promising technique for obtaining supports with tailored pore structures and permeation behaviors. This work deals with the preparation of freeze-cast alumina macroporous supports. Different freezing routes and alumina powders were used in this study. It was correlated the effect of these parameters on the pore structure and permeation capacity of the obtained supports. It was shown that the isotropic layer observed at the samples bottom side plays a key role in their non-Darcian permeability. As far as we know, this is the first time that this approach is reported in the literature for freeze-cast samples.     

Design and fabrication of whisker hybrid ceramic membranes with narrow pore size distribution and high permeability via co-sintering process

Ceramic microfiltration membranes (MF) with narrow pore size distribution and high permeability are widely used for the preparation of ceramic ultrafiltration membranes (UF) and in wastewater treatment. In this work, a whisker hybrid ceramic membrane (WHCM) consisting of a whisker layer and an alumina layer was designed to achieve high permeability and narrow pore size distribution based on the relative resistance obtained using the Hagen-Poiseuille and Darcy equations. The whisker layer was designed to prevent the penetration of alumina particles into the support and ensure a high porosity of the membrane, while the alumina layer provided a smooth surface and narrow pore size distribution. Mass transfer resistance is critical to reduce the effect of the membrane layers. It was found that the resistance of the WHCM depended largely on the alumina layer. The effect of the support and whisker layer on the resistance of the WHCM was negligible. This was consistent with theoretical calculations. The WHCM was co-sintered at 1000?°C, which resulted in a high permeability of ~?645?L?m^?1 h^?1 ;bar^?1 and a narrow pore size distribution of ~?100?nm. Co-sintering was carried out on a macroporous ceramic support (just needed one sintering process), which greatly reduced the preparation cost and time. The WHCM (as the sub-layer) also showed a great potential to be used for the fabrication of ceramic UF membranes with high repeatability. Hence, this study provides an efficient approach for the fabrication of advanced ceramic MF membranes on macroporous supports, allowing for rapid prototyping with scale-up capability.     

多通道陶瓷超滤膜孔径分布及截留率测定

本文对工业化多通道陶瓷超滤膜进行了研究,以异丁醇－蒸馏水体系用液－液排除法测定了超滤膜的孔径及孔径分布,对同一膜管及体系,进行了重复性实验,测定了膜的截留率,比较了截留率与孔径及孔径分布的关系,讨论了操作条件对截留率的影响,为工业化膜的制备及选取提供指导。     

Model Simulation of the Sol-Gel Process for Preparation of the Selective Layer of Ceramic Membranes

Model simulation of a sol-gel technology for preparation of the selective layer of ceramic membranes is carried out and relationships are derived for predicting qualitative and quantitative changes in the pore structure, in particular, the pore size of membranes. Ways to the search of optimum conditions for preparation of ceramic membranes are outlined.     

低成本多孔非对称陶瓷过滤膜的制备与性能研究进展

陶瓷膜因具有机械强度高、耐高温、化学稳定性好、孔径分布可控、再生性能好和环境友好等诸多优势而被应用于众多行业。然而,其生产成本较高导致市场占有率低。此外,陶瓷膜还面临高渗透性和高选择性不能兼备的难题,这限制了其大规模应用。本文综述了采用廉价原料、添加烧结助剂和优化制备工艺来降低非对称陶瓷膜生产成本以及提高其性能方面的研究,分析了相关措施对陶瓷膜的利弊,并展望了陶瓷膜未来的发展方向和应用前景。     

金属支撑平板陶瓷膜制备与性能

研究金属支撑平板陶瓷膜的制备工艺技术,陶瓷膜的组成、烧成温度、碳含量对材料性能(孔隙率、孔径、强度等)的影响,比较几种材料的陶瓷隔膜碱蚀量与电解实验结果.     

Preparation of carbon-coated monolithic supports

This paper describes the development of preparation methods for carbon-coated monolithic supports starting from furfuryl alcohol-based polymers. Furfuryl alcohol with or without pyrrole and/or poly(ethylene glycol) mono methyl ether was polymerized using nitric acid under ambient conditions. Cordierite monolithic supports were dipcoated using the partially polymerized furfuryl alcohol mixtures. After solidification of the polymer, the coating was carbonized to obtain a carbon-coated monolithic support. The carbonized polymer is a microporous material. When coated onto a cordierite monolithic support, macropores are formed due to coating of the cordierite pores and carbonization. The polymer tends to shrink during carbonization, which is prohibited by the monolithic support, and then cracks. An oxidizing treatment prior to carbonization in combination with the use of a pore former yields mesopores. Due to shrinkage of the polymer, the carbon coating does not cover the ceramic monolithic support completely. Carbonization at temperatures up to 1000 °C increased the carbon content of the coating, which finally adopts an aromatic character and becomes electrically conducting.     

陶瓷纳滤膜制备与应用研究进展

陶瓷纳滤膜以其优良的热稳定性、化学稳定性和机械强度等特性,在涉及高温、酸碱、有机溶剂等苛刻环境的过程工业领域具有广阔的应用前景。因此,陶瓷纳滤膜材料的制备研究已引起众多科研工作者的关注。本文综述了陶瓷纳滤膜在制备及应用方面的研究进展,着重介绍了溶胶-凝胶法、化学气相沉积法、原子层沉积法及表面接枝等陶瓷纳滤膜制备方法。溶胶-凝胶法反应温度低、操作过程相对简单且精确可控,是目前国内外陶瓷纳滤膜制备的常用方法;化学气相沉积法及原子层沉积法则需借助气相化学反应在多孔基底表面进行材料沉积,从而修复缺陷,减小平均孔经;表面接枝技术可改变陶瓷膜表面亲疏水性,同时将陶瓷基膜孔径减小至纳滤范围。此外简单介绍了陶瓷纳滤膜的应用,并对未来陶瓷纳滤膜研究方向提出了建议,指出陶瓷纳滤膜微结构参数与分离性能之间的关系建立,以及探讨陶瓷纳滤膜在溶剂体系中的分离机理将成为今后一段时间内的研究热点。