酒糟流态化干燥压降的实验研究

通过酒糟在流化床干燥器上的冷态实验，得出全床压降随气流速度、料层厚度、物料初始湿含量及气体分布板开孔率的变化规律，经整理数据得出相关参数之间的准则关联式。     

1060t/h循环流化床锅炉物料质量浓度分布试验研究

通过对1 060t/h裤衩腿型循环流化床锅炉的大量变工况试验,获得了不同负荷率下的炉内压力分布,给出了该锅炉稀相区物料质量浓度的分布规律,并分析了流化风速和床压降对物料质量浓度分布的影响,得到物料质量浓度随流化风速和炉膛高度变化的关系式以及物料质量浓度随床压降和炉膛高度变化的关系式.结果表明:在床压降不变的条件下,流化风速与炉内平均物料质量浓度成正比;在流化风速不变的条件下,在一定的范围内,床压降与炉内平均物料质量浓度成正比,当床压降升高到某一临界值后,床压降与炉内平均物料质量浓度成反比.     

流化床启动过程中底料磨损行为研究

以国内首台自主研发的65t/h低倍率油页岩循环流化床锅炉底料灰为研究对象,在小型流化床试验台上考察了流化风速、流化时间和床层温度等因素对底料磨损程度的影响,据此建立了二阶磨损模型.结果表明：流化状态下页岩灰的磨损先后经历快速衰减和稳定磨损2个阶段,页岩灰在流化床内的质量保持率呈指数衰减趋势;随着流化风速增大,床层温度升高,磨损相对加剧;二阶磨损模型能够很好地描述流化床内页岩灰质量的变化规律.     

非均匀布风条件下布风板上大块物料运动规律的实验研究

大块物料的积累是燃用劣质燃料的流化床燃烧装置运行中极易出现的故障现象;采用非均匀布风,可能促进大块物料向排渣口的走向运动。本文报导了在一个二维流化床冷态实验台上进行的实验研究工作。研究发现大块物料运行速度对平均流化风速和流化风速梯度的依赖关系不是单调的,存在着一个最有利于大块物料走向运行的平均流化风速和流化风速梯度范围,并试图对此进行解释。     

循环流化床锅炉物料浓度分布的影响因素分析

循环流化床(CFB)锅炉炉膛物料浓度分布直接影响炉膛内的传热特性和锅炉负荷。基于CFB锅炉炉膛内气固两相流动特性,建立了密相区以上区域的物料浓度数学计算模型。以1台1 060 t/h CFB锅炉为研究对象,数值计算分析不同煤种、给煤粒度分布、流化风速、分离器效率及床压降对炉膛物料浓度分布的影响,计算分析结果表明,CFB锅炉运行中,针对不同煤质,可以通过优化给煤粒度分布和床压降来调节炉膛上部的物料浓度分布,低挥发分煤种的给煤粒度分布中细颗粒的比例要大一些。分离器性能越好,床质量越好,在相同的流化风速和床压降下,炉膛出口处物料浓度随d50、d99的减小而增大。     

三维旋流喷动流化床气固两相流动特性模拟

为了从理论基础上研究带风帽的旋流喷动流化床干燥器内气固两相流流动特性,采用欧拉多相流模型对一台旋流喷动流化床试验台进行三维数值模拟,分析了各种不同底部进风速度V底与切向进风速度V切比例对旋流喷动流化床干燥器内的气体速度分布和颗粒速度分布特性的影响,以及当V底/V切为30 m·s-1/30 m·s-1时,探讨了气固流动状态随时间的变化规律。研究结果表明:增大V切,有利于增加近壁面区域的气体流动速度和促进气固相的充分混合,增加气体和颗粒相的接触面积,有利于减少气相流动死区,降低黏性物料对筒体壁面的粘附程度。但由于切向风的卷吸作用所形成的负压会导致轴向气流减弱,不利于筒体中心区域气流的轴向发展,降低了轴向风对颗粒层的穿透效果。     

旁路型循环流化床脱硫塔的数值研究

循环流化床脱硫塔装置的文丘里管直流流化速度会随锅炉负荷的变化而变化,这会影响脱硫效率。在保证文丘里管直流流化速度不变的情况下,提出了通过增设旁路的方式来适应锅炉负荷变化的新方法,并通过数值模拟得到了脱硫塔流场与旁路管径和数量关系的一些参数。研究结果表明,合适的旁路管径和数量不仅能优化脱硫塔流场而且还可以适应锅炉负荷的变化,设置6根管径为φ500mm的旁路时,在相同阻力损失下脱硫塔负荷可以增加25%左右。     

高炉熔渣颗粒流态化气固换热实验研究

针对液态高炉熔渣干法粒化后熔渣属于大颗粒物料,在流化床中的流动与传热规律有其独特的特点,本文搭建了气固流化床的实验台,对粒化后的高炉熔渣在流化床内的流动特性和换热特性进行实现研究。实验表明,在流化床埋管附近区域,随着风速增大,颗粒浓度减小。流化风速在1.06～1.33m/s时,床层压降维持在10kPa左右。当换热温差恒定时,床层与埋管间的换热系数基本保持恒定,受风速的影响很小,并且风速越小越有利于维持床温。实验结果可供开展高炉渣干法粒化及其余热利用参考。     

流态化浓相输粉及计量的试验研究

本项试验研究工作实现了流态化浓相的稳定输送,试验测定了在常压及增压情况下流化床给粉流量随床层压降变化的规律,成功地解决了煤粉难以正常流化的问题。叙述了采用流化方法进行计量的基本原理,介绍了自动计量系统,并对计量精度进行了检验。     

生物质催化热解制备轻质芳烃研究

以轻质芳烃苯、甲苯、二甲苯和萘(BTXN)为目的产物,采用颗粒流化床对松木生物质进行了催化热分解实验.在冷模试验中讨论了CoMo-B催化剂加氢催化作用下,静止床高、流化气速、床层压降的相互关系,得到了合适的操作条件范围,为热分解实验提供了必要的基础实验数据.在热分解实验中,调查了操作气速、床层高度以及热解温度对产物收率和分布的影响,在操作气速0.32m·s-1、催化剂静止床高0.08m、热解温度863K的条件下,目的产物BTXN的最大收率可达到6.29%,daf(干燥无灰质量基准).     

Numerical Investigation on the Two Phase Flow Behaviors in Supercritical Water Fluidized Bed with Swirling Flow Distributor

ABSTRACT

Supercritical water fluidized bed reactor is a promising in the clean and efficient conversion of coal, and the distributor is one of the key component for the heat and mass transfer enhancement. However, the optimization study for the distributor in supercritical water fluidized bed reactor has been seldom conducted due to the special thermal properties of supercritical water. In this work, the swirling flow distributor was designed for its optimization for heat and mass transfer inside a supercritical water fluidized bed reactor. The swirling flow can be generated by the concentric circle or triangle type hole distribution in distributor with 0 or 45° intersection angle between the fluid inlet velocity direction and the distributor plane. The computational particle fluid dynamics (SCWFB) method, which has quick calculating speed and high accuracy, was used in this work to study the particle-fluid two-phase flow behaviors inside SCWFB with swirling flow distributors. Investigations were made to reveal the influence of the hole distribution type and intersection angle on the bed pressure drop and particle volume fraction characteristics. The results showed that the triangle type distributor with 45° intersection angle has the best fluidization performance. The conclusions drawn may has potential application for continuous and stable operation of supercritical water fluidized bed reactor for coal gasification.     

外加磁场对磁流化床烟气脱硫过程的影响

研究了磁流化床脱硫过程中外加磁场对流化状态、脱硫效率和脱硫产物特性的影响,并分析了磁场强化脱硫的机理.结果表明:随着磁场的增强,磁流化床经历了3个阶段.在鼓泡流化状态下,床层压降不稳定,脱硫效率低;在磁稳流化状态下,床层压降小,脱硫效率快速提高;在磁聚状态下,床层压降较大,脱硫效率提高.兼顾脱硫效率和能源消耗两方面的要求,在磁稳流化状态下进行烟气脱硫是适宜的.此外,对脱硫产物微观形貌和化合物成分的分析表明:磁场改变了铁磁颗粒表面脱硫产物的附着方式,并促进了S(IV)的氧化,提高了SO2的吸收速率,从而提高了磁流化床的脱硫效率.     

双支腿循环流化床炉膛翻床条件与防止控制试验研究

在双支腿循环流化床冷态试验台上进行了床料平衡试验,得到不同流化参数下风量和床压的动态曲线,基于并行流道阻力特性分析,提出双支腿炉膛翻床条件的预测方法,并模拟了控制逻辑对翻床的控制效果.结果表明:当流化风量大于临界翻床风量时,双支腿炉膛处于自平衡区,两侧炉膛的流化风量和床压的瞬时偏差能够相互纠正,两侧床料处于动态平衡;当流化风量小于临界翻床风量时,将发生翻床现象;临界翻床风量随着静止床料高度的增加而减小;采用调整风门开度的方法解决翻床问题存在局限性,床料平衡的首要策略是使双支腿系统处于自平衡状态运行.     

Investigations of pressure fluctuation history records of gas–solid fluidized beds

A transducer pressure probe is devised to measure the pressure‐history curves up to a maximum frequency of 200 Hz. It is installed on the wall of a 153 mm² fluidized bed and is employed to establish the solids mixing and movement pattern of an air fluidized bed comprising of glass beads of 2093 μm average diameter. The pressure variations recorded with a speed of about 11 Hz for a period of 92 s are employed to compute several statistical functions and analysed to infer the quality of fluidization. For the range of fluidization number 1.05–1.48, it is inferred that in this bubbling regime, the solids near the bed wall region descend down while the air bubbles drift to the central region and rise up in the fluidized bed. This bulk macroscopic hydrodynamic picture of solids movement is in conformity with the conclusions of other co‐workers. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

内循环流化床颗粒动力特性的研究

本文介绍了Ｖ型内循环流化床中颗粒动力特性的试验研究结果,包括颗粒内循环的运动轨迹,床层内压力分布特性及流态化速度等。     

鼓泡流化床风帽压力波动信号的小波局部奇异性检测

在冷态鼓泡流化床实验台上,针对不同流化数、静床高及床料颗粒粒径下测得的风帽压力波动信号,采用小波模极大值法获取信号的小波局部极大模线,分析了流化数、静床高及床料颗粒粒径对鼓泡流化床风帽压力波动信号奇异性的影响.结果表明:风帽压力波动信号的局部奇异性随着流化数的减小、静床高的增加和床料颗粒粒径的增大而有所增强,说明通过小波局部极大模线可以对风帽压力波动信号的局部奇异性进行描述,并且能够反映鼓泡流化床流化数、静床高和床料颗粒粒径变化时床内气固流动状态的变化.     

双循环流化床冷态实验研究

由主循环流化床(主床)和副循环流化床(副床)组成的双循环流化床冷态实验系统中,测量了不同工况下的压力分布以及主床和副床的物料循环率,分析了装料量、主床一次风流化速度和副床二次风流化速度对压力分布以及物料循环率的影响,为双循环流化床的工艺设计提供实验依据.     

Heat transfer characteristics in a pulsating fluidized bed in relation to bubble characteristics

A pulsating fluidized bed is operated with two sequential durations designated as an on‐period with injecting fluidization gas and an off‐period without it. The heat transfer coefficient between a vertically immersed heater and bed in a pulsating fluidized bed is measured under various pulse cycles and fluidized particles. The obtained results are compared with those in a normal fluidized bed with continuous fluidization air injection. The relationship between heat transfer coefficients and bubble characteristics, evaluated using a digital video camera, has also been investigated. For certain fluidized particles and operating pulse cycles, the fluidization of particles and the increment of heat transfer coefficients can be obtained under a mean air velocity based on a pulse cycle duration smaller than the minimum fluidization air velocity in a normal fluidized bed. Under the pulse cycles where a static bed through the whole bed is formed in the off‐period duration, the improved heat transfer rate over that in a normal fluidized bed can be measured. This may be attributed to large bubble formation. As heat transfer in the pulsating fluidized bed is obstructed with increasing time to keep a static bed due to the excessive off‐period duration, it is indicated that there is an optimum off‐period duration based on the heat transfer rate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(4): 307–319, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10038     

FAC型流化床式冷渣器热态试验研究

介绍了FAC型流化床式冷渣器的特点及其在燃用劣质煤300MW CFB锅炉的应用情况,实炉进行了布风板阻力特性及流化风量、床压等参数对其运行影响的试验研究,并对该冷渣器的出力进行了热态测定。