120t复吹转炉底吹控制实践

针对原系统中底吹流量曲线单一、恒定的问题,结合现场数据跟踪建立底吹控制模型,根据模型及时调整底吹流量,实现了底吹流量的半自动控制。数据表明,通过底吹工艺优化,同等条件下吹炼终点碳氧积[1]由0.0029降低到0.0027,终点渣样中(TFe)含量下降2.82%,Al/Si合金收得率由18.3%提高到25.4%,吨钢耗氧量由60.58 m3/t降至54.2 m3/t。     

转炉底吹模型优化

研究了不同底吹强度对转炉终点w[C]w[O]积、炉渣w(TFe)、钢铁料消耗的影响关系,通过提高转炉底吹强度、改善熔池搅拌促进碳氧反应平衡、降低转炉终点碳氧积的效果,实现降低过钢钢水总氧、炉渣中w(TFe)、钢铁料目标。结果表明,转炉底吹强度由0.037 m³/(t·min)提高到0.06 m³/(t·min)后,实际生产过程中,转炉终点w(O)由713×10^-6降低到456×10^-6,转炉终点碳氧积由0.29×10^-6下降到0.26×10^-6,转炉渣中w(TFe)由27.21%降低到16.58%,钢铁料消耗降低1.78 kg/t。     

120 t复吹转炉吹氧后氩气搅拌工艺的冶金效果

转炉后吹氩气搅拌工艺可以更进一步促进钢液中的碳氧反应,有效降低转炉冶炼终点的钢液氧含量。通过对120 t复吹转炉的后吹氩气搅拌工艺的工业试验结果表明,后吹氩气搅拌可降低转炉终点碳氧积,底吹流量800 m³/h的氩气搅拌5 min后,[O]从吹氩前的897×10^-6,降至400×10^-6;(FeO)从18.5%降至13.7%,平均[S]从0.009%降至0.005%,平均[P]从0.008%降至0.006%;搅拌3～6 min钢液平均温度降低10～20℃。     

武钢复吹转炉底吹N2—Ar切换时机研究

本文论述了底吹 N_2过程中熔池[N]含量的变化规律,确定了武钢二炼钢厂在目前操作条件下底吹供气强度0.02Nm~3/m.t 和0.03Nm~3/m.t 的 N_2—A_r 切换最佳时机,指出了影响底吹 N_2—A_r 切换终点[N]含量的主要因素。应用底吹 N_2—A_r 切换工艺,节 A_r0.46Nm~3/t 钢,年经济效益为171.96万元。     

260t复吹转炉底吹氮氩切换对终点氮含量的影响

在260 t顶底复吹转炉上对吹氧过程中的底吹模式进行了氮氩切换试验研究,并根据钢液脱氮和吸氮理论对试验结果进行了说明。试验结果表明,吹氧70%以内进行底吹氮氩切换对终点钢水氮含量没有影响;吹氧85%时进行底吹氮氩切换,氮气流量不大于16 m3/min时,对终点钢水氮含量影响不大;当氮气流量大于20 m3/min时,终点钢水氮含量增幅较大,超过50%;氮氩切换时间点及氮气流量应根据钢种而定。     

120 t复吹转炉底吹供气强度和炉底渣层控制的研究

通过将120 t顶底复吹转炉底吹供气强度由0.026 m~3/(t·min)提高到0.103 m~3/(t·min),为钢水提供动力学条件;同时降低炉底渣层厚度,由200～300 mm降低到50～100 mm,减少供气阻力,增加钢水的动力学条件,加强钢水搅拌使钢渣充分融合,促进碳氧反应降低钢水终点氧含量。转炉终点钢水碳氧积从0.003 1%降低至0.002 3%、终渣FeO质量分数从18.64%降低至18.12%,有效提高了钢水洁净度,改善了钢水质量。     

RH精炼底吹工艺优化的物理模拟

为了提高RH精炼效率,缩短精炼时间。以某钢厂150 t RH真空精炼装置为原型,建立相似比为1∶4的水模型,研究底吹孔个数与底吹流量的影响。结果表明,实施底吹工艺后,RH循环流量和混匀时间相较无底吹时都有明显改善。相同底吹流量情况下,单孔底吹对循环流量提升效果明显优于双孔底吹工况,如当底吹流量为90 L/min时,单孔底吹工况相较于无底吹工况循环流量增加34%,而双孔底吹工况只增加13%。底吹流量小于90 L/min时,单孔底吹和双孔底吹工况下混匀时间相差不大。底吹流量大于90 L/min时,双孔底吹工况下混匀时间反而有所增加。建议生产现场采用单孔底吹工艺,如采用双孔底吹工艺时,底吹流量应小于90 L/min。     

120 t复吹转炉单渣法高拉碳工艺

 在复吹转炉铁水消耗1 050 kg/t(钢),铁水磷质量分数小于0.150%条件下,采用单渣法高拉碳工艺进行试验研究,实现了出钢碳质量分数大于0.40%,磷质量分数小于 0.020%。分析了高拉碳的操作控制难点是脱磷效率低、易喷溅和终点拉碳时机难以精确掌握。为此,对转炉操作抢位、氧压、底吹流量以及终点控制等方面进行了调整试验,试验结果表明：高枪位配合合适的底吹压力在提高脱磷效率的同时能有效控制喷溅;建立高碳出钢终点判断模型,能将碳命中率提高到90%以上。该工艺实施后,转炉终点游离氧保持在约100×10-6。     

工艺参数对120t转炉顶底复吹影响的水模型研究和应用

进行了120 t转炉几何相似比1:7的4因素5水平正交水模型实验,研究氧枪距离熔池高度(200~280 mm)、顶氧枪流量(72.5~99.0 m~3/h)、底吹流量(0.8~2.4 m~3/h)、底吹气孔(4~8孔)位置分布对转炉顶底复吹的影响。结果表明,底吹气孔位置分布是影响熔池搅拌效果的最重要的因素。当选取氧枪距熔池高度h=240mm,顶枪吹气体流量Q_1=99.0 m~3/h,底吹气体流量Q_2=2.4 m~3/h,底吹气孔(6孔)位置D(4)时,熔池搅拌效果最佳。120 t转炉顶底复吹生产Q235B钢应用结果得出,顶吹流量25 000 m~3/h,底吹流量560~800 m~3/h,底吹6孔布置吹炼14~16 min、钢水终点[C]0.14%~0.18%,碳氧积0.002 3~0.002 5,熔池搅拌效果良好。     

复吹转炉钢-渣间容量传质系数的水-油模型

在熔池直径880mm、深258mm的冷态模型中，利用水模拟钢水、机油模拟渣、苯甲酸模拟钢-渣间传输物质来研究熔池直径5285mm、深1545mm的复吹转炉吹炼工艺参数对钢-渣间容量传质系数的影响。结果表明，枪位350mm，顶吹流量117m^3/h，底吹流量1．68m^3/h至2．36m^3/h时，传输物质苯甲酸的容量传质系数变化最显著，在采用枪位350mm，顶吹流量140m^3/h，底吹流量1．68m^3/h，底枪布置方式为8孔对称布置在0．66直径的圆上时，传输物质的容量传质系数最大。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.