茶树枝中挥发性成分及其抗菌试验的研究

水蒸气蒸馏法从茶树嫩枝中提取挥发油，用气相色谱-质谱联用孜术对其挥发油化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定，从茶树嫩枝挥发油中总共分离出38个组分，鉴定出37个组分，运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个组分的相对百分含量。其挥发油主要组分是石竹烯（15．65％），3-己烯-1-醇（10．69％），α-里哪醇（8．53％），5，6-环氧-α-紫罗兰酮（7．23％），β-环柠檬醛（6．17％）等。对茶树嫩枝挥发油做了抗茵试验，其挥发油对试验菌株有明显的抑制和灭活作用。     

气相色谱质谱法测定木醋液饮料中化学成分

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对木醋液饮料化学成分进行分离鉴定,用色谱峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。从木醋液饮料中分离出了51个组分,鉴定出了40个化合物,占总面积的96.07%。并测定了各化合物的相对含量,包括2,6-二甲氧基苯酚(30.12%)、乙酸(15.63%)、γ-丁内酯(4.78%)、1,2,4-三甲氧基苯(4.19%)、苯酚(4.84%)、愈创木酚(2.85%)、3-甲基-1,2-环戊二酮(4.79%)、3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮(3.72%)等。通过对木醋液饮料化学成分的研究,为木醋液资源的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定北五味子中挥发油成分

采用同时蒸馏浸提的方法提取北五味子中挥发油成分,测得其挥发油的含量为6.30%。利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用方法从北五味子挥发油中分离并确认出39种化学成分,用峰面积归一化法通过G1710BA化学站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的相对百分含量,其中主要成分为:衣兰烯、2,6-二甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯、3-甲醇,1-甲基-8(1-甲撑)-三环[4.4.0.02,7]脱氢-3-烯。     

大花红景天乙醇提取物的化学成分研究

研究了人工种植的大花红景天醇提物的化学成分.采用溶剂法和柱色谱法分离纯化,通过波谱分析鉴定其化合物的结构.结果表明,从70%乙醇提取物中分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为3,5,7,8-四羟基-黄酮4′-氧-α-L-鼠李糖吡喃甙(1)、草质素-7-0- (3″-0-β-D-葡萄糖基)-α-L-鼠李糖苷(2)、酪醇(3)、红景天苷(4).而且化合物Ⅰ为首次从该种植物中分离得到.人工种植的大花红景天其主要成分与野生相同,药材质量与野生的相似.可以相互替代使用.     

旋覆花挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取旋覆花全草挥发油,出油率为0.32%。采用GC-MS联用技术对挥发油成分进行分离鉴定,面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量,从其中鉴定出34个化学成分,鉴定成分占总峰面积的99.85%。旋覆花挥发油的主要化学成分分别为植酮(21.75%)、长叶烯(9.71%)、棕榈酸(7.98%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(7.40%)、肉豆蔻酸(7.38%)、2,6-二甲基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚(7.04%)、2-(对-茴香基)-4-甲基己烯(5.26%)、石竹素(5.03%)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(4.75%)等。鉴定出的34种成分中脂肪类占45.5%,芳香类成分占26.74%,萜类占26.43%,其他类占1.18%。     

红树林植物露兜中挥发油和脂肪酸的测定

本文采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析法,测定红树林植物露兜中挥发油、脂肪酸组分及含量.结果表明:从露兜挥发油提取液中分离出76个峰,共鉴定出60种化合物,其中2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚含量最高,达19.25%,还含有苯乙酸苯乙脂、十六酸、四十一醇、2-异丙基-5-甲基己醇、十烷醚、二十二醇、二十六醇,此外还检测出8种同分异构体;从露兜提取液中分离出22个峰,鉴定出6种脂肪酸,提取的脂肪酸以十六酸(棕榈酸)含量最高,达35.39%,十八酸含量为18.88%,9-十八碳烯酸(油酸)含量为10.03%,其中十四酸有两个同分异构体.从分析结果知,露兜叶中含有多种在食品发面有很大的应用空间的组分,值得进一步开发研究.     

恩施野生芭蕉叶香气味成分的研究

用水蒸气蒸溜法提取恩施野生芭蕉(Musa acuminata)挥发性化学成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行了定性分析,结合计算机检索技术,对挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,应用气相色谱峰面积归一法测定各成分的相对含量。共鉴定出20个化合物,其中3-己烯醇、双环[2,2,1]-1,7,7-三甲基(1R)-2-庚酮、双环[2,2,1]-1,7,7-三甲基-(1s-内)-2-庚醇、丁子香酚、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(2-丙烯基)-苯5个化合物是香气的主要贡献者。     

刺山柑果柄挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用挥发油测定器从新疆野生刺山柑果柄中提取挥发油,用GC-MS法对其化学成分进行鉴定。结果：共分离出44个峰,确定了其中35种化合物,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的76.69%,主要化学成分为棕榈酸（44.80%）;亚油酸（7.53%）;6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮（3.29%）;肉豆蔻酸（1.40%）;邻苯二甲丁基十一烷基酯（1.36%）;1-氨基-1-正-氯苯-2-（2-对二萘基）乙烯（1.33%）;月桂酸（1.27%）;十五酸（1.22%）;[（2-氟苯）甲基]-1H-嘌呤-6-胺（1.05%）;2-（5-氯-2-甲氧基苯基）吡咯（0.99%）;[R-[R＊,R＊-（E）]]-3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六烷-1-醇（0.99%）;7,3＇,4＇-三甲氧基栎精（0.83%）,以上12种化合物占总挥发油的66.06%。结论：刺山柑果柄挥发油富含多种具有活性的化学成分,可应用于医药、食品、化妆品等行业。     

荒漠肉苁蓉化学成分的研究

目的研究荒漠肉苁蓉的化学成分,为阐明其有效成分打下基础。方法采用硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20柱及高效液相色谱分离化学成分,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离得N8种化合物,分别是6-去氧梓醇（1）,巴尔蒂苷（2）,格鲁苷（3）,红景天苷（4）,丁香苷（5）,次黄嘌呤核苷（6）,2’-脱氧腺苷（7）,2’-甲氧腺苷（8）。结论化合物6、7、8系首次从此种植物中分离得到。     

秦巴山区柿叶中挥发性成分及抗氧化性研究

对秦巴山区五月份柿叶用石油醚提取、水蒸气蒸馏提取其中脂溶性挥发性物质,并用GC/MS/DS联用技术测定其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。分离出26种组分,鉴定出26种化合物,其中有21种含氧化合物,其在挥发性成分中的质量分数为84.237%。以4-甲基-2.6-二特丁基苯酚(39.967%)、植烯醇(6.831%)、2-甲氧基-3-丙烯基-苯酚(4.578%)为主。同时对其抗氧化活性进行考察。结果表明柿叶中的挥发油有较强的抗氧化活性。旨在为柿叶中挥发油的研究及利用提供实验参考。     

樟树精油及其单体抗白色念珠菌活性及安全性研究

为探究樟树精油及其单体抗白色念珠菌活性及安全性,本研究通过纸片法和微量肉汤稀释法测定了樟树精油、葡萄柚精油、柠檬精油、薰衣草精油抗白色念珠菌活性,同时对樟树精油进行GC-MS挥发性成分鉴定,进一步分析樟树精油主要化学成分对白色念珠菌的抑菌活性,最后观察樟树精油及其单体对豚鼠皮肤刺激和小鼠血管收缩性影响。结果表明,樟树精油抗白色念珠菌活性强于葡萄柚、柠檬、薰衣草精油;樟树精油抗白色念珠菌的活性来源于α-松油醇、异松油烯、α-松油烯、松油烯-4-醇、桧烯、1,8-桉叶油素;豚鼠皮肤在连续5 d涂抹4%樟树精油后出现轻微的红斑,而4%松油烯-4-醇在涂抹2 d后就会出现轻微的红斑;另外,4%松油烯-4-醇会明显增加小鼠的血管通透性。研究结果为樟树精油的开发利用及治疗白色念珠菌相关疾病提供理论依据。     

郑州刺槐花挥发油化学成分分析

采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取郑州地区刺槐花挥发油,用GC-MS-DS联用技术分析其中化学成分,并与文献报道的其他地区刺槐花挥发油主要成分进行了对比.结果表明,郑州地区刺槐花挥发油中分离出64种组分,鉴定出48种化合物,占出峰总面积的82.93%;郑州地区刺槐花挥发油主要成分是6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮、3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯-1-醇、2-氨基苯甲酸甲酯等,与文献报道的其他地区刺槐花主要成分和含量均有所不同.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Chaenomeles speciosa from China

The chemical composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried fruits of Chaenomeles speciosa was analyzed by GC–MS. Forty compounds, constituting about 85.13% of the total oil, were identified. The main constituents were β-caryophyllene (12.52%), -terpineol (5.41%), terpinen-4-ol (4.56%) and 1,8-cineole (4.31%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 10 microorganisms using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The essential oil was found to show a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacterial strains. The essential oil had more sensitivity to gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria.     

荆芥和砂仁挥发油对米象的协同熏蒸活性研究

研究20种植物挥发油对米象成虫的熏蒸活性以及混配的协同增效作用。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取20种植物挥发油,通过气相-质谱法和化合物消除法,确定熏蒸活性和增效活性最好的两种挥发油的活性成分。结果表明：20种植物挥发油中荆芥挥发油对米象的熏蒸活性最好,LC50为13.27 mg/L。砂仁挥发油表现出最大的促进作用,共毒性因子为107.14。通过化合物消除法评价荆芥挥发油和砂仁挥发油的主要活性成分分别为胡薄荷酮和(-)-4-萜品醇,对米象熏蒸活性的LC50分别为7.34和8.35 mg/L,好于荆芥挥发油的熏蒸活性。胡薄荷酮和(-)-4-萜品醇按照自然比例61.13：6.13和1：1的比例混配,LC50值分别为5.91和8.29 mg/L,可以看出随着胡薄荷酮比例的增大,混剂对米象的熏蒸活性增强。本实验证实了胡薄荷酮和(-)-4-萜品醇作为植物源杀虫剂具有防治米象的潜力。     

Volatile constituents of the essential oil of Monodora myristica (Gaertn) dunal

The essential oil of Monodora myristica was obtained by steam distillation with a yield of 45-6 g kg^?1. The composition of the oil was analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The oil was found to contain 75% monoterpene hydrocarbons; the major compounds being α-phellandrene (50–4%), α-pinene (5–5%) and myrcene (4–35%). There were also a few sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (3%) and oxygenated compounds such as germacrcne-D-4-ol (9–5%). Germacrene-D-4-ol, α-pinene, Δ²-carene, β-caryophyllene, valencene. γ-muurolol and carvacryl acetate have not previously been reported in M myristica.     

野生糙苏籽挥发油化学成分的分析

用水蒸汽蒸馏法从野生糙苏籽中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱- 质谱联用技术对其挥发油中的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个成分的相对百分含量。从糙苏籽的挥发油中鉴出56 种成分,其主要成分为α- 里哪醇(13.38%)、石竹烯氧化物(11.21%)、1- 辛烯-3- 醇(8.38%)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(8.22%)、亚麻酸乙酯(6.21%)等。对糙苏籽的挥发油进行了抗氧化实验和抗菌实验,结果表明糙苏籽挥发油对·OH 有明显的清除作用,糙苏籽的挥发油对实验菌株均有明显的抑制和灭活作用,特别是大肠杆菌ATCC25922 株和肺炎球菌32201 株的抑制作用表现得更为显著。     

Occurrence and Preclusion of Terpene Chlorohydrins in Citrus Essential Oils

ABSTRACT: Screening commercial cold-pressed oils revealed the presence of terpene chlorohydrins, which may have quality and safety implications for end-users. Concentrations of (1R, 2R, 4R)-2-chloro-8- p -menthen-1-ol in some citrus essential oils ranged from less than 1 to 140 ppm. More than half of the oils tested contained less than 2 ppm of (1R, 2R, 4R)-2-chloro-8- p -menthen-1-ol. A pilot plant study used different concentrations of chlorinated water during the oil-recovery process. Cold-pressed oil, produced from a 30-ppm chlorine solution, contained (1R, 2R, 4R)-2-chloro-8- p -menthen-1-ol at detection threshold. The presence of (1R, 2R, 4R)-2-chloro-8- p -menthen-1-ol in citrus essential oils results from processing conditions and can be reduced through the reduction of chlorine levels in treatment water.     

荞麦籽油脂肪酸的气相色谱/质谱法分析

采用石油醚抽提荞麦籽,然后将油样进行皂化、甲酯化,以毛细管色谱-质谱联用法测定荞麦籽油中的组分,从分离出的50个峰中确认了23种组分,所鉴定的组分占总峰面积的96.95%。其中脂肪酸中主要成分含量:C18:2≥32.91%,C18:1≥24.73%,C16:0≥20.04%。奇数碳原子脂肪酸、鲨烯、23s-甲基胆甾醇、5-烯-3β-豆甾醇、5,24-二烯,3-豆甾醇、12-烯-3-醇-齐墩果、12-烯-3-醇-熊果等未见报道。     

Flavour quality of tomatoes

Tomato volatiles present in essential oils obtained by steam distillation–continuous extraction and by head-space condensation were identified and evaluated organoleptically. Flavour quality of different samples of fresh tomatoes, evaluated by a panel, could be related to the occurrence and concentration of n-hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, 2-isobutylthiazole and some unidentified compounds in the head space condensation essential oil.     

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Oleoresins of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Fruits

Essential oil and oleoresins (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and iso-propyl alcohol) of Myristica fragrans were extracted by using Clevenger and Soxhlet apparatus, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oil showed the presence of 38 components representing about 99.6% of the total weight. Sabinene (29.4%) was found to be a major component along with beta pinene (10.6%), alpha pinene (10.1%), terpene-4-ol (9.6%), and several other minor components. The major component of all oleoresins contained elemicin. It has been observed that the essential oil and ethanol oleoresin showed better activity compared to other tested oleoresins and synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyl anisole and butylated hydroxyl toluene. Furthermore, the activity of essential oil and oleoresins was measured for the inhibition of primary and secondary oxidation products in mustard oil by using peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, and p-anisidine values. In addition, these experiments were further supported by other complementary antioxidant assays, such as ferric thiocyanate method in a linoleic acid system, reducing power, chelating effect, and scavenging effects on 1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. Hence, the essential oil and ethanol oleoresin of M. fragrans could be considered as a natural food preservative.