装修住宅室内空气中甲醛和TVOC污染现状及分析

为了解目前装修对室内空气造成的污染状况,以淮安市居民家庭为例,随机采集调查了淮安市90个室内装修空气样本,结果显示,甲醛和TVOC检出率为100%,甲醛超标率较高。与往年国内各地检测数据对比,本文检测的甲醛和TVOC浓度并未呈现明显下降趋势,说明近几年装修对室内空气造成的污染状况未得到有效改善;与国外污染物检测浓度相比,国内检测数据偏高,说明国内装修材料在环保方面仍有待提高。     

奥运场馆室内空气品质测评

为保证奥运场馆的室内空气品质满足人们的健康要求和舒适感觉,本文对北京奥运篮球馆、水上公园及奥运媒体村的室内空气品质进行了赛前检测,并以甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC、氨6种化学性污染物作为评价指标,在对室内空气进行单因子指标分析的前提下结合空气品质综合指数法对检测场馆的室内空气品质进行了客观评价.结果表明:检测场馆室内空气单项污染指标超标率低,空气评价等级为清洁和未污染的检测点位占到了95%以上.对超标污染物,通过自然通风措施即可确保达标.     

南京市民用住宅室内环境污染监测分析及其对策

文章对南京市民用住宅室内环境主要污染物--甲醛及TVOC进行监测并对检测数据统计分析,检测数据表明在对98户民用住宅进行甲醛监测结果中,总合格率为35%,甲醛超标率为65%,其中甲醛超标2倍的为14%,超标3倍以上的为6%;在对84户民用住宅进行的TVOC监测结果中总合格率为67%,超标率为33%.文章分析了甲醛及TVOC引起室内空气污染的原因及其随室内温度的变化规定;提出了减小人造板材装修度、提高通风效率、采用合适净化设备、采用甲醛清除剂清除人造板材游离甲醛是解决室内环境污染的有效途径.     

南宁市典型居室内空气污染物污染水平调查

目的了解南宁市居室空气质量情况,探讨室内空气中甲醛和总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)的污染程度和分布情况。方法采用PPM-400ST甲醛检测仪、Pho Check Tiger-PCT有机气体检测仪等测试分析了南宁市典型居室中客厅、卧室、书房的甲醛和TVOC浓度。结果南宁市居室的书房、卧室、客厅中TVOC合格率分别为97.6%、92.9%、100%,甲醛合格率分别为23.8%、26.2%、71.4%;甲醛污染严重的是书房,甲醛质量浓度超过国家标准1~2倍、2~3倍、3倍以上的比例分别为21.4%、31.0%、23.8%,最高质量浓度为0.901 mg/m3,是国家标准的9.0倍。结论室内甲醛、TVOC质量浓度普遍较高,通风及宽敞的室内空间有利于降低污染程度。     

城市新装修住宅空气中部分挥发性物质分析

以邯郸市5处新近装修住宅为研究对象,对其室内空气中的甲醛和挥发性有机物两类挥发性物质进行了研究.研究发现,室内的甲醛、TVOC主要为室内污染物,其浓度随时间的推移逐渐降低,并且具有季节变化特征:装修初期,甲醛释放浓度不是最高的,在经过一段时间释放后达到最高值.经过峰值之后,甲醛浓度逐渐达到规定标准值.TVOC在冬夏两季的浓度最高.     

装潢造成的室内空气污染及其危害

室内空气污染物按照国家标准和EN欧洲相关环保标准主要控制甲醛、苯、氨、总挥发性有机物TVOC、氡五项指标.生活中来自不同物体散发的污染物不同,危害也不同.     

北京市家居环境主要污染物浓度变化趋势探讨

北京市81户居民室内环境中甲醛、苯和TVOC的测试结果表明,目前室内环境污染程度较国家标准发布前有很大改善,甲醛和苯的合格率显著提高,而TVOC的合格率仍然较低,TVOC指标逐渐替代甲醛和苯,成为影响室内空气质量最为重要的参数。对TVOC的控制技术及TVOC治理产品的研究,逐渐成为治理室内环境污染的重要内容。     

烟台市新装修住宅室内空气污染特征分析

目的了解烟台市新装修住宅室内空气质量及对居民健康的影响,为室内空气污染控制提供科学依据。方法随机选择烟台市区内50户新装修完并入住的住宅作为研究对象,检测指标为甲醛、苯系物(苯、甲苯和二甲苯)和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)。按室内空气质量标准(GB/T 18883-2002)对各种污染物进行评价。结果监测结果显示室内空气中甲醛、苯系物和总挥发性有机物存在不同程度的超标现象,其中甲醛超标尤为严重,最大超标7.8倍,卧室中的污染物超标普遍高于其他房间。结论烟台市新装修住宅室内空气污染存在不同程度的超标。     

哈尔滨住宅建筑室内气体污染物测试分析

为深入了解严寒地区冬季居住建筑主要空气污染物情况,指导居民改善居住环境,对哈尔滨市5处住宅展开室内PM2. 5,PM10,甲醛,TVOC,二氧化碳主要空气污染物的逐时检测,采用综合指数评价法对住宅的空气品质进行评价,分析短时通风对室内空气品质的改善作用。发现TVOC和甲醛浓度超标最为严重,围护结构对室外PM2. 5和PM10具有良好的过滤效果,通过短暂的通风可以显著改善室内空气品质,关闭门窗后污染物浓度逐渐增高,2 h之后增幅不明显。该研究可作为居住建筑室内污染物源辨识基础研究前期基础背景调研和室内空气品质优化的依据。     

城市住宅室内化学污染情况调查与分析

城市住宅内化学污染已成为非常严重的社会问题,为了解当前住宅内化学物污染的现状,进行了两次调查。第一次在北京和长沙各选取10户住宅,进行了室内空气中15项主要化学污染物浓度的检测,并统计得出各项指标的平均值、标准值、最小值、最大值及超标率。结果表明:目前住宅内出现最广泛、超标最严重的化学污染物为甲醛、苯及TVOC。第二次调查选在上海,主要针对第一次调查结果进行。选择了26户家庭进行问卷和实测调查,得出影响室内化学污染的各因素中,家具和建筑装修材料污染所占比重最大。并通过绘制各污染物与装修时间关系图,得出装修后至少应通风3个月入住。     

住宅工程室内空气5 项污染物浓度调查与分析

本文对上海市20户毛坯房(23个自然间)和95户精装房(133个自然间)进行了甲醛、氨、苯、TVOC和氡浓度测定,结果显示毛坯房5项指标均未出现超标,精装房室内空气污染较为严重,除氨和氡外,甲醛、苯和TVOC均出现超标,超标率分别为33.4%、2.6%和53.2%。通过对TVOC的组分浓度占比分析,乙酸丁酯、二甲苯和乙苯的浓度之和占约23%,未识别物质平均浓度占比超过8种标准物质成分总和,达到了74.49%。     

Volatile Organic Compounds in Ventilating Air in Buildings at Different Sampling Points in the Buildings and their Relationship with the Prevalence of Occupant Symptoms

Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) are determined in intake, room-supply and room air in 86 office rooms in 29 office buildings in northern Sweden. Measurements of formaldehyde were also made in room air. Building and room characteristics were identified and symptom reports collected from 1087 office workers. Concentrations of TVOC and formaldehyde in room air were low, with mean values of 71 µg/m³ and 31 µg/m³, respectively. The TVOC concentration was generally lower in room air than in supply air or intake air. The “loss” (difference in measured values) of TVOC from supply to room air was associated with raised concentrations of formaldehyde and raised prevalences of occupant symptoms. High TVOC concentrations in room air were associated with reduced prevalences of occupant symptoms.     

室内环境污染的检测与防治

阐述了室内环境污染的五种主要污染物甲醛、氨、氡、苯、TVOC的检测方法,提出对室内环境检测上的认识误区和防治室内环境污染的措施,从而有效降低室内环境污染,提高室内环境质量要求.     

室内空气污染主要来源与防治对策分析

室内环境质量的优劣直接影响到人们身体的健康。随着人们物质生活水平的提高,对室内空气质量的要求也在逐步提高。在分析现阶段室内空气污染状况的基础上,对室内空气污染中甲醛、氨、氡、苯和TVOC的成因及对人体健康的危害进行了分析,从装修、施工、入住等方面提出了相应的防治措施,并通过检测工作来进行室内空气污染评估与控制。     

Emission behavior of formaldehyde and TVOC from engineered flooring in under heating and air circulation systems

Formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the adhesive, flooring, and flooring with adhesive were measured using a desiccator, a 20-L chamber and a field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC). Flooring with an adhesive is similar to that used in construction was applied to a floor heating system and an air circulation system, and the surface temperature of the flooring was set to 20 °C, 26 °C and 32 °C. The rate of formaldehyde emission from the flooring was the highest at 32 °C using a desiccator and decreased with time. The formaldehyde and aldehyde emissions from the samples using a 20-L chamber and FLEC showed a similar tendency. The VOCs emission trends with the 20-L chamber and FLEC were similar. The rate of formaldehyde and TVOC emission determined using FLEC was higher than that determined using the 20-L chamber method. The flooring emitted primarily benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, xylene, as well as some unknown VOCs. There was a strong correlation between formaldehyde and TVOC emission for the 20-L chamber and FLEC. Samples using a floor heating system showed higher formaldehyde emission than those using an air circulation system. The level of TVOC emission was higher from the samples using an air circulation system than those using the floor heating system.     

TVOC and formaldehyde emission behaviors from flooring materials bonded with environmental-friendly MF/PVAc hybrid resins

Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was added as a replacement for melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin in the formaldehyde-based resin system to reduce formaldehyde and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from the adhesives used between plywoods and fancy veneers. A variety of techniques, including 20-l chamber, field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC), VOC analyzer and standard formaldehyde emission test (desiccator method), were used to determine the formaldehyde and VOC emissions from engineered flooring bonded with five different MF resin and PVAc blends at MF/PVAc ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100. Although urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin had the highest formaldehyde emission, the emission as determined by desiccator method was reduced by exchanging with MF resin. Furthermore, the formaldehyde emission level was decreased with increasing addition of PVAc as the replacement for MF resin. UF resin in the case of beech was over 5.0 mg/l, which exceeded E2 (1.5-5.0 mg/l) grade. However, MF30:PVAc70 was 相似文献   

生态环境与健康材料对室内空气质量改善的研究

从生态环境及健康材料对室内环境的要求出发,研究分析了目前室内环境污染原因与特点,重点对吸附材料、光催化等空气净化技术进行比较分析,研究新型纳米生态酶空气净化材料对室内有害气体的净化机理及实践,验证其对室内空气中主要污染物--甲醛、TVOC、细菌等污染物具有良好的改善效果,从而满足生态环境与健康材料的要求.     

Organic air pollutants inside and outside residences in Shimizu, Japan: levels, sources and risks

Concentrations of 38 organic air pollutants including aromatic hydrocarbons (AHCs), carbonyl compounds (CCs), volatile organic halogenated compounds (VOHCs), and organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) were measured in indoor and outdoor air in an industrial city, Shimizu, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Levels of pollutants tended to be higher indoors than outdoors in both summer and winter except for benzene, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and dichlorvos (DDVP). This trend was especially pronounced for CCs such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. For the organic air pollutants, the concentrations of AHCs and VOHCs substantially increased in winter, but not those of CCs and OPCs; the trends were similar for both indoors and outdoors. We investigated possible indoor sources of pollutants statistically. Multiple regression analysis of corresponding indoor and outdoor concentrations and the responses to our questionnaire showed that indoor concentrations of certain AHCs were significantly affected by their outdoor concentrations and cigarette smoking. For formaldehyde, indoor concentrations were significantly affected by house age and the presence of carpet or pets. For p-dichlorobenzene (pDCB), the concentrations in bedroom trended to be higher than those in other indoors and outdoors, suggested that mothballs for clothes present in bedrooms are the principal indoor source of pDCB. We compared indoor and outdoor pollutant concentrations to acceptable risk limits for 11 organic air pollutants. In indoors without smoking samples, the geometric mean concentrations of benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride, pDCB, and DDVP exceeded the equivalent concentration representing the upper bound of one-in-one-hundred-thousand (1x10(-5)) excess risk over a lifetime of exposure.     

装饰工程室内空气环境质量控制

建筑工程使用的无机非金属建筑材料和装修材料,是造成民用建筑工程室内有害物质氡、甲醛、苯、氨及总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）等空气污染的污染源。这些有害物质对人体健康危害较大,因此装饰装修施工时须对材料的有害物含量进行检验,施工过程中也应注意对污染源进行控制,竣工验收时须对室内宅气质量进行检测,合格后方可验收使用。民用建筑工程室内空气质量不合格的工程,严禁使用。