纸包装废弃物综合治理研究

以纸和纸板制成的包装制品有纸板箱、瓦楞纸箱、纸盒、纸袋、纸罐、纸桶、纸管、纸杯等。纸制品包装应用十分广泛,不仅用于百货、纺织、五全、电讯器材、家用电器等商品的包装,还适用于食品、医药、军工产品等的包装。 纸包装废弃物是指失去或完成保持内装物原有价值和使用价值的功能．成为固体废物丢弃的纸包装容器及材料;纸包装废弃物的综合治理是指对纸包装废弃物进行处理（即减少已产生的纸包装废弃物的数量,减少纸包装废弃物的体积等）和利用（即通过回收、加工等方式,从纸包装废弃物中提取或者使其转化为可以利用的资源和其他原…     

基于产品全生命周期的纸包装绿色生态发展模式

目的解决目前绿色包装研究领域对绿色包装生态发展模式研究尚不充分,缺乏经过企业实践检验的绿色包装发展模式研究的现实问题。方法以浙江大胜达包装股份有限公司为例,在企业中进行绿色包装管理创新并进行总结提炼。结果构建了由"2个体系"和"4个关键环节"构成的基于产品全生命周期的纸包装绿色发展模式的整体架构,并在企业中进行了绿色包装管理创新实践。实施后企业年利润总额较实施前增长14.8%,万元产值综合能耗下降11.8%,废水排放量和固废排放量较实施前分别减少17.41%和24.11%,对环境生态和人体健康有害的氨、四氯乙烯的排放量则较项目开始之初分别减少了17.73%和25%。结论提出了基于产品全生命周期的纸包装企业绿色生态发展模式,实施绿色包装管理创新之后,企业的经济效益和环境效益明显得到了大幅提升。     

利乐包装“二次生命”探秘记

无菌复合纸包装是一种常温下用于牛奶、饮料的包装制品。以利乐包装为例,它是瑞典利乐公司开发出的一系列用于液体食品的包装产品,小小无菌复合纸包装,给我们的生活带来了不小的变化。我国北方大草原的优质牛奶,就是依靠利乐的无菌复合纸包装,才得以方     

基于人机工程学的纸包装结构设计分析

本文基于人机工程学原理,分析了与包装相关的人体尺寸数据及纸包装产品的流通环境;并研究了在储运、提携、使用、回收等各环节中,人体尺寸对纸包装产品的诸多结构设计要素的影响和应用．进而指导纸包装产品的结构设计。     

节约型社会纸包装结构设计应用

从分析产品使用价值和产品对包装不同功能需求入手,结合节约型社会需求,从包装减量化、方便性、多功能、零废弃等角度,探讨分析了节约型社会纸包装容器功能性结构应用,为节约型社会纸包装容器结构设计提供参考。     

包装信息

包装信息包装工业“九五”期间分类产品的发展方向【本刊讯】１．纸包装制品重点发展纸制品后工序技术，如印刷、模切、成型等，提高纸箱结构设计水平，注重发展纸浆模塑制品、高强度瓦楞纸箱、纸基餐具、纸塑复合袋等产品。２．塑料包装制品重点发展功能性好而又易回收、...     

企业要坚定信心积极应对挑战

近期笔者走访了部分大型纸包装企业,并在亚洲包装大会期间接触了部分纸包装企业,听取了企业领导关于国际金融风暴对纸包装行业有何影响的看法及采取何种对策。大部分纸包装企业反映,金融风暴对纸包装行业不存在直接影响,而是客户的间接影响。主要表现为,出口配套产品纸箱需求量有较大幅度的下降,减产幅度较大,约占出口包装纸     

Bosch公司研发“世界上首款密封纸包装”

正近日,Bosch公司研发出"世界上首款密封纸包装",在纸张机械性能优化和封装技术提升的基础上,新包装产品将会解决干制产品的防尘包装问题。Bosch包装技术公司和瑞典纸包装专业商Billerud Korsn?s日前宣布新品他们开发出"世界上首款密封的纸包装",这种包装代替了传统上的高分子膜材料,为生产干制产品如糖、谷物、面粉或粉末的防尘包装提供了良好的解决方案。     

中式餐具的集合包装模块化结构设计

为了满足消费的个性需求,将模块化的设计理念运用到集合包装中。选用中式餐具作为被包装对象,从集合包装的需求出发,提出模块化自由组合的设计思路,以满足市场消费对"套餐"的不同需求。根据餐具的包装需求和模块化的设计理念,将餐具进行模块化分类,并设计了模块包装与集合包装,采用全瓦楞纸的结构代替市场现有包装。最后通过材料用量、成型难易程度、使用体验、市场发展前景等方面对设计方案进行评价。     

缓冲用纸包装材料结构

随着国家对"白色污染"的重视,用环保型材料代替泡沫塑料作为缓冲包装材料成为缓冲包装的一个发展趋势,全纸包装也成为避免贸易壁垒的现代包装的新宠。近几年,纸包装材料的结构开发得到了飞速的发展。缓冲材料的结构也从单一型转向复杂型,从工艺型转化为功能型。     

Social and environmental impacts of packaging (LCA and assessment of packaging functions)

This paper reviews the functions of packaging materials and the social and environmental impacts that packaging has, reflecting our changing lifestyle. The functions of some packaging materials, such as prevention of food contamination, protection against spoilage, preservation of contents and communications linking the food manufacturer to the customer, are many and varied in extent and complexity. The current life cycle assessment (LCA) can not easily be applied to the assessment of environmental impacts of packaging materials, taking packaging functions into consideration, but attempts at such application are being made experimentally. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Role of Household Food Waste in Comparing Environmental Impacts of Packaging Alternatives

This paper examines the environmental impacts of food waste and the influence that packaging alternatives can have on causing food waste. This paper presents the results of three life cycle assessment case studies on packed food products. The life cycle assessments were conducted for ham, dark bread and Soygurt drink (fermented soy‐based drink). In each case study, the environmental impacts of the products were assessed with different assumptions about the packaging sizes and alternative materials. The studies especially considered the environmental impacts resulting from food waste generated by consumers as a function of the variable packaging options. The food waste of other parts of the production chain of the studied products was also taken into account. A consumer survey was carried out to estimate the amounts of product waste generated in Finnish households connected to the three investigated products. The environmental impacts of the food products, household food waste and packaging were modelled by scenarios with varying rates of household food waste and different waste management options. The results indicated that the significance of the production and post‐consumer life of packaging was relatively low for climate change, eutrophication and acidification, in comparison with the production chain of the ham, dark bread and Soygurt. According to the results, packaging solutions that minimize the waste generation in households as well as in distribution and retail will lead to the lowest environmental impacts of the entire product‐packaging chain. Therefore, it is important to design packages that protect the food properly and allow the consumer to use the product fully. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Framework for Sustainable Food Packaging Design

The environmental impacts of packages have been found to be relatively small compared with the food items they contain. Furthermore, from the environmental and operational point of view, the most significant task of the package is to protect the product, which is important to acknowledge in the packaging design process. This study introduces a guiding framework for designing sustainable food packaging. In this approach, the entire life cycle of the product–package combination is taken into consideration. The emphasis is on the prevention of food losses in packaging design as a major environmental criterion. Consideration of the properties of both the package and the product itself when designing the final package will lead to a better end result with smaller product losses and environmental impacts. By using different assessment methods in the different stages of the packaging design, the sustainability of the package can be enhanced. The decision making of the packaging designer is facilitated with methods that are introduced step by step and in a certain order that will also allow for corrective measures through back‐loops in the design process. The purpose is to integrate sustainability aspects at all stages firmly into the design process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

典型月饼包装的环境影响评价

选取3款净含量均为1kg的月饼包装盒,运用生命周期评价方法,分析了其从原材料的获取、生产制造、销售、使用到最终废弃处理整个生命周期过程中的资源与能源消耗,并评价了产生的环境影响。结果表明,在3款月饼包装中,含塑料材质越多的月饼包装盒产生的环境影响越严重,月饼包装应减少塑料的使用量,并应向减量化、轻量化方向发展。     

A simplified environmental evaluation tool for food packaging to support decision-making in packaging development

Packaging developers in the food industry must consider several, sometimes conflicting, environmental requirements on packaging along with an already complex combination of marketing, logistics and production requirements. Existing methods for the environmental evaluation of packaging either focus on a limited amount of environmental packaging criteria (such as recyclability or renewable content) or rely on life cycle assessment methodology requiring expert competence. To support the food industry in their efforts toward developing product and packaging combinations that reduce the total environmental impact in food supply chains, this article presents a simplified environmental evaluation tool for food packaging. The presented tool was developed through an iterative process in a collaborative research project with the food industry. It evaluates packaging systems based on packaging criteria sorted into four areas that represent the life-cycle steps packaging material production, transport, household and end-of-life. A comparison of the tool results and screening LCA results for three packaging cases showed no major differences. From the practitioners' perspective, the main advantages of the suggested tool are that it does not require LCA-competence, that the required input data is commonly available in packaging development projects and that its overall structure invites several functions of the company to participate. The theoretical benefits of the suggested tool are that it allows for a parallel assessment of eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness criteria in a life cycle perspective and that it considers littering risk as well as the influence of packaging on food waste in households     

应用于冷链运输相变蓄冷技术研究进展

目的 研究化妆品销售包装盒的环境影响,优选包装材料、优化包装设计及其生产系统,达到绿色生产的目的。方法 基于生命周期评价(LCA)方法论,采用eFootprint软件及数据库量化分析由白纸板和聚丙烯2种不同材料设计生产的化妆品销售包装盒。以规定尺寸(长57 mm、宽52 mm、高60 mm)和结构的单个化妆品销售包装盒盒坯为功能单位,设定系统边界包括该包装盒生产加工过程的主要工序和各物料运输环节。分析清单后进行生命周期影响评价。结果 评价对象产生的9类环境影响中,全球变暖潜值(GWP)、初级能源消耗(PED)和水资源消耗(WU)贡献值较大,白纸板化妆品销售包装盒结果分别为17.8 g,185 kJ,57.8 g,聚丙烯化妆品销售包装盒结果分别为45.3 g,1.16 MJ,147 g。聚丙烯化妆品销售包装盒在生产过程中消耗的能量和对环境产生的影响均大于白纸板化妆品销售包装盒,故两者中首选材料是白纸板。结论 材料种类和生产过程能源消耗是影响环境的主要原因,可通过LCA优选包装材料、控制包装印刷设计和改善生产系统等方式,提高包装的环境效益。     

Selection of Nanomaterial‐Based Active Agents for Packaging Application: Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a Tool

The interest for using metallic nanoparticles for active packaging derives from its superior antimicrobial efficacy, no negative impacts on the food sensory properties and compatibility with harsh polymer processing conditions. There are a few candidates for this purpose, and the selection of which can be assisted by considering the packaging's environmental impacts. As a case study, three packaging films incorporating different active agents (silver nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and a mixture of both) were evaluated using life cycle assessment and the associated impacts were calculated and compared. The functional unit was set in such a way that it directly focuses on the function that the antimicrobial packaging is supposed to deliver: to ensure food safety and quality. To this end, the antimicrobial efficacy of each agent was integrated in the environmental impact calculation. The results show that the film incorporating the mixture of nanoparticles had the lowest environmental impacts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Packaging Systems for Extended Shelf Life Milk

The aim of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis of the environmental impact of different packaging systems used for extended shelf life milk. The analysis, carried out exploiting the life cycle assessment approach, takes into account the packaging manufacturing process, the food packaging process, the transport phases and the end‐of‐life management of the different packaging systems. The packaging end‐of‐life is modelled by considering three possible options, such as recycling, thermo‐valorization with energy recovery and landfill. One litre of extended shelf life milk is used as the reference unit, while multilayer cartons, polyethylene terephthalate bottles labelled with shrink sleeve film and high‐density polyethylene bottles are analysed as the packaging types. The key characteristics of each component of the three packaging systems were either provided by packaging manufacturers or derived from data available in literature. The evaluation of the end‐of‐life impact was performed considering the Italian scenario, exploiting, in particular, the data provided by specific Italian consortia. Other data for the inventory analysis phase were extrapolated from the SimaPro databases (e.g. Ecoinvent or Plastic Europe Database). Cumulative energy demand and CML2001 were adopted as the impact assessment methods. The results obtained show that the multilayer carton system is the less environmentally impactful option for almost all the considered impact categories and that its environmental impacts are, on average, more than 12% lower than high‐density polyethylene system and more than 34% lower than polyethylene terephthalate with shrink sleeve label. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纸浆模塑制品的研究现状与发展趋势

目的综述纸浆模塑制品在一次性餐具、电子产品包装等领域的研究进展,为进一步拓展纸浆模塑的应用领域提供科学的研究基础。方法通过对纸浆模塑研究结果的分析与总结,介绍纸浆模塑的工艺流程、应用现状。结果分析表明纸浆模塑制品在一次性餐具、电子产品包装等领域的应用逐渐普遍,但是纸浆模塑在模具设计、原料研究、制品后处理以及对大型物件的包装等方面的研究与应用还较欠缺。结论纸浆模塑制品作为一种绿色环保型包装材料,在国内外已得到广泛的应用。纸浆模塑产业在我国的发展还存在一些局限性,需要政府、厂商、研究机构等的共同努力,使其得到健康高速的发展。     

The role of life cycle assessment as a decision support tool for packaging

Emerging environmental pressures over the last two decades have urged the development of sophisticated tools to evaluate the environmental burdens and impacts of products and processes. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was first used some 30 years ago and has now developed into a valuable tool for businesses to support their decision making in packaging development and application. This paper outlines the concept of LCA and how it can be applied to support strategic business development. The paper also describes the integration of the LCA concept in an existing Code of Practice, as well as future developments in furthering the integration with economical and social decision parameters. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.