Different kinetic in incorporation and depletion of n−3 fatty acids in erythrocytes and leukocytes of mice

n−3 PUFA are well known for their anti-inflammatory effects. However, there has been only limited study on the kinetics of incorporation and depletion of n−3 PUFA in immune cells. In the present study we investigated the incorporation and depletion of n−3 PUFA in erythrocytes and leukocytes in mice during a 6-wk feeding period. Over the first 3-wk period (the incorporation period) the mice were fed a special diet with a high n−3/n−6 PUFA ratio. In the following 3-wk period (the depletion period) the mice were fed a standard chow diet. A linear incease of the concentration of EPA and DHA in erythrocyte membranes was observed during the incorporation period, whereas a stagnation was observed after the second week for leukocytes. The level of EPA did not fall to the background level after the depletion period, and the level of DHA was kept almost constant during the depletion period in the erythrocyte membranes. In leukocytes the concentration of both EPA and DHA decreased during the depletion period, but did not reach the background level after the 3-wk depletion. In conclusion, the kinetics of EPA and DHA in the different cells are different. The rate of incorporation is faster than that of depletion for n−3 PUFA. More n−3 PUFA can be incorporated into leukocytes in comparison with erythrocytes. The ratio of n−3/n−6 PUFA is more important than the amount of n−3 FA in changing the FA compositions of membrane lipids.     

Output of Petroleum and Chemical Products in China in March 2005

ProdUCt MarChoutPUt Growth over000 tons Mar.,2004%January to MarchOutPut Growth over same000 tons Period of 2004,%5000256060605080﹁匆4040沙382,21. 44731__“_ _12 23,每--一-卜万550.515乐}O2030卯6010704800成27 八乙啥J.”21一7.308070…的O斗﹁2峨1朽‘娜器叩50﹁加一印性石怡拒 4129.71870访砧7.只钟生碑归事瞬_j使6 910 5*OQ~牛李_40 2.80一52031_6021.50一氏牛O_490一7.901李40夕汤6尸etr01eo爪bit自巾碑的OO一勺﹃二︺LPGCOke冷以furi杏aci诊(c峥nta)丽牙浮p归多日{笋口动53318.伯由认〕黔燕薰井鞘3621070…     

Output of Petroleum and Chemical Products in China in February 2005

ProdUCtFebruary outPut000 tonSGrOWth OVefFeb.,2004% January to February outPut Growth over same000 tons Period of 2004,%Crude Coa!CrUde 011Natural gas(billion m3)Pyrite(eontaining 35%sulfur)phosPhorus ore(Containing 30%P205)CrUde SaltPaPer PulP0 11 Proeessed GaS0line Ke「osone 0 iese! Lubrjcatingoils Fuel 0115Petroleumb计umeoLPGCO油Su!furie aeid(containing 100%H2s04)12202 .7015.30一1 .10 7 .10 5 .00 0 .80 930 2 .10 7,50一158010.9033一8018.5070 00 30 20 20 90 50806 1 4 9 2 6 00…     

Export and Import Situation of Refractories in China

China has been the biggest country in production and exporting of refractories. The article describes the problems in the export and import and suggestions on development of refractories. In the future, China will expand its cooperation with world refractories community in science, technology, economy and trade to play a more important role in the international and domestic markets.     

Output of Petroleum and Chemical Products in China in May 2005

25ST凡TIST!C忿峰OutPut滋翁熬越赔秘能达叹水鉴之蜜索毛轰ProdUCt MayOutPut Growth over000 tons May,2004%告二二言吕奋苦公昌盆盆盆二盆二二言石‘January to May OutPut Growth over same000 tons Period of 2004,% 一26 CHINA CHEMICAL REPORT〔R June 26,2005Output of Petroleum and Chemical Products in China in May 2005~~…     

Research and Practice of Technological Processes and Faciites of Refractory Fibre Manufactured in Resistane-heated Furnace

On the rinciple of correlation between the fluid movement and the visocsity,the flow rate of the melt through the nozzle is determined by the viscosity of aluminium silicate melt which can be controlled to reach the goal of the conntinumous melting and blowing in the resistance furnace and to prolong the furnac capaign,After the special type of N-L composite nozzle was applid to the furnace,per ton refractory fibre costs is reduced by 579 Yuan and the producivity increases by 80%,The effect of energy saving is striking,Alter the innovation of continuous melting and blowing resistance furnace production line for the aluminium silicate fibre,annual production cost of 580,000 Yuan has been saved the furnace campaign life increases by 5-8 times and the consistency and reliability of product quality have been greatly improved.     

Determination and Correlation of Solubility of Nonivamide in Different Solvents☆

The solubility of nonivamide in dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether, ace-tonitrile, n-hexane and water over the temperature range of 293.2 K to 323.2 K was mea...     

Research and Practice of Technological Processes and Facilities of Refractory Fibre Manufactured in Resistance-heated Furnace

On the principle of correlation between the fluidmovement and the viscosity, the flow rate of the meltthrough the nozzle is determined by the viscosity of alumini-um silicate melt which can be controlled to reach the goalof the continuous melting and blowing in the resistance fur-nace and to prolone the furnace campaign. After the spe-cial type of N-L composite nozzle was applied to the fur-     

The absorption of propane and ethene in slurries of activated carbon in water—I

A gas mixture of propane and ethene was absorbed batchwise in a stirred cell in a slurry of activated carbon in water. The selectivity of the absorption process was investigated. Experiments were performed in which the influence of carbon particle size, and especially the addition of a small amount of fines, was studied. It was found that at the beginning of the experiments ethene was absorbed more readily than propane; later the adsorbed ethene was driven away from the carbon by propane. Addition of small amounts of carbon-fines resulted in an increase of the observed gas—liquid mass-transfer coefficients and also in the selectivity of the process changes. A new continuous ultrasonic gas analyser for high-resolution determination of the gas mixture composition has been developed.     

A Glimpse of Iron and Steel Industry of China in Recent Years

The paper briefs the recent development of China＇ s Iron ＆ Steel Industry from the view of a refractorie., worker. Some data and statistics have been revealed in the paper including total output of steel, geological distribution of key steel enterprises, productivity, facilities, technical and economical indices as well as technical advance achieved in. the last ten years. Structural adjustment and consolidation occurred in China＇s Iron ＆ Steel industy has also been described. The views on how much steel is demanded in China in the near future advanced by a steel expert has been accepted as the conclusion of the paper.     

Application of Biological Enzyme in Flax Dyeing and Finishing

After the experimentation for more thanone year and the production of 200000mflax textiles,the project for the applicationof biological enzyme in flax dyeing and fin-ishing jointly undertaken by ShenzhenXinlong Flax Textile Bleaching and Dye-ing Co.,Ltd.and Tsinghua University hasrecently passed experts'appraisal.Expertsthink that the technology is well developedand suitable for large-scale production and     

Technological Advancement in Preparation and Application of Monolithic Refractories

This paper highlighted the advancement in preparation and application technologies of monolithic refactories in recent two decaes,in terms of raw materials,processing technology,particle size distrbution,binders,additives,workabiity,installation and applications,Facts and dicussions indicated that monolitihic refractoriesare advancing rapidly,from material point of view,towards higher grade and higher performance mateials and oxide-non-oxide composites;from installation point of view,towards higher efficiency,less man-power and time consuming terchinques;from drying-out point of view,towards quicker or even drying-out free,and from application point of view,towards the working linings of high temperature smelters and vessles under tougher serivce conditions ,and on the other hand,with more functions.     

Role of microstructure in the grinding and polishing of α-sialon ceramics

The grinding and polishing behaviour of three tailored α-sialon microstructures made of the same chemical composition: fine-grained, bimodal and large elongated-grained, were determined. The fine-grained microstructure was characterised by extensive lateral cracks in the grinding process and widespread grain pullout during the mechanical polishing; in contrast, the large elongated-grained microstructure exhibited high grinding damage resistance, and a defect-free, mirror-like surface after mechanical polishing. The bimodal microstructure showed an intermediate behaviour during both processes. The material removal mechanisms during grinding and polishing were analysed and modelled as a function of grain size and aspect ratio.     

Experimental Measurement and Correlation of the Solubility of Methyl-acetyl-naphthalene in n-Heptane,n-Octane,and n-Dodecane

1 INTRODUCTION 2-Methyl-6-acetylnaphthalene (2,6-MAN) is a type of white or pale yellow, powdery crystal, with a melting point of 332.15K. It is an important interme- diate[1] used for producing 2,6-naphthalene dicarbox- ylic acid (2,6-NDA), which has very extensive appli- cations in not only the light, electronic, and defense industries, but in many other areas. In particular, 2,6-NDA is an important monomer of liquid crystal polyester material (LCP) and polyethylene naphtha- lene-2…     

Incorporation of α-tocopherol in marine lipid-based liposomes: in vitro and in vivo studies

Liposomes made from a natural marine lipid extract and containing a high polyunsaturated n−3 fatty lipid ratio were envisaged as oral route vectors and a potential α-tocopherol supplement. The behavior of vesicles obtained by simple filtration and of giant vesicles prepared by electroformation was investigated in gastrointestinal-like conditions. The influence of α-tocopherol incorporation into liposomes was studied on both physical and chemical membrane stability. Propanal, as an oxidation product of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was quantified by static headspace gas chromatography when α-tocopherol incorporation into liposome ratios ranged from 0.01 to 12 mol%. Best oxidative stability was obtained for liposomes that contained 5 mol% α-tocopherol. Compared to the other formulas, propanal formation was reduced, and time of the oxidation induction phase was longer. Moreover, α-tocopherol induced both liposome structural modifications, evidenced by turbidity, and phospholipid chemical hydrolysis, quantified as the amount of lysophospholipids. This physicochemical liposome instability was even more pronounced in acid storage conditions, i.e., α-tocopherol incorporation into liposome membranes accelerated the structural rearrangements and increased the rate of phospholipid hydrolysis. In particular, giant vesicles incubated at pH 1.5 underwent complex irreversible shape transformations including invaginations. In parallel, the absorption rate of α-tocopherol was measured in lymph-cannulated rats when α-tocopherol was administrated, as liposome suspension or added to sardine oil, through a gastrostomy tube. α-Tocopherol recovery in lymph was increased by almost threefold, following liposome administration. This may be related to phospholipids that should favor α-tocopherol solubilization and to liposome instability in the case of a high amount of α-tocopherol in the membranes. A need to correlate results obtained from in vitro liposome behavior with in vivo lipid absorption was demonstrated by this study.     

Theoretical and experimental study on the selectivity of dehydrogenation of α-limonene in ZSM-5 and zeolite-Y

Dehydrogenation of the natural terpene α-limonene to the industrially important p-cymene was studied over two zeolite-supported Pd catalysts, ZSM-5 and zeolite-Y. Reactor tests indicate that transalkylation of the p-cymene product can be avoided by employing the shape-selective properties of a medium-pore ZSM-5 catalyst. The diffusion properties of the three isomers of cymene were then calculated in the two zeolites using molecular mechanics. In case of ZSM-5, p-cymene was found to have the lowest barrier of the three isomers for diffusion through the straight, spherical channel of the zeolite. For zeolite-Y, differences in diffusivity for the three isomers were very small. Theory and experiments showed, in excellent agreement, that only ZSM-5 selectively produces p-cymene. This work shows that molecular mechanics is a powerful and reliable method for the screening of zeolites for performing shape-selective catalysis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Highlights of Recent Advances in Refractories for Iron and Steel Industry in China

Recently procured outstanding achievements in iron and steel industry in China are presented by data or facts in steel output, energy consumption, technical and economical indicators and advanced technologies that are being adopted. The latest achievements in refractonries for this biggest user industry are reviewed, covering new refractories for CDQ coke oven, BF hearth, AOD Lining, long life tundish, SEN for clean steel making and regenerative reheating furnace. The reciprocal relationship is obvious that the rapid development of iron and steel industry has given an impetus to the advance of refractories industry, which in return has contributed greatly to the former.     

Synthesis of block copolymers of ε-caprolactone and lactide in the presence of lithium t-butoxide

Summary High molecular mass copolymers with microphase separation can be obtained in block copolymerization of -caprolactone with L,L- and D,L-lactide carried out in the presence of lithium t-butoxide. A kind of solvent applied strongly affects the molecular mass and polydispersity index of obtained copolymers.The study has been supported by the research program (Project 4-1743) of the Committee of Scientific Research in Poland.     

Effect of sesamin on mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids in rat liver

The effects of dietary sesamin on the hepatic metabolism of arachidonic (AA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, were investigated with respect to their β-oxidation and secretion as triacylglycerol (TG). For 2 wk, rats were fed three types of dietary oils: (i) corn oil (control) group; (ii) FPA group: FPA ethyl esters/rapeseed oil=2∶3; (iii) AA group: AA ethyl esters/palm oil/perilla oil=2∶2∶1, with or without 0.5% (w/w) of sesamin. Dietary sesamin significantly increased the activities of hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation enzymes (mitochondrial carnitine acyltransferase I, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase). Dietary FPA increased mitochondrial carnitine acyltransferase I and peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase. Dietary AA, however, had an effect on peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase only. In whole liver and the TG fraction, EPA and AA concentrations were significantly increased by dietary EPA and AA, respectively, and were decreased by dietary sesamin. In hepatic mitochondria and peroxisomes, EPA concentration was increased by dietary EPA, but AA was not changed by dietary AA. The addition of dietary sesamin to the EPA-supplemented diet significantly decreased the EPA concentration compared to concentrations found with consumption of dietary EPA alone. These results suggest that sesamin increased β-oxidation enzyme activities and reduced hepatic EPA and AA concentrations by degradation. The stimulating effect of sesamin on β-oxidation, however, was more significant in the EPA group than in the AA group. Hepatic AA concentration was altered by the joint effect of sesamin through esterification into TG and the stimulation of β-oxidation.