桑浪水库拱坝坝肩抗滑稳定分析

拱坝坝肩的稳定性是整个拱坝整体稳定性的关键,坝肩岩体的复杂性决定了坝肩的稳定分析是比较复杂的。因此,在对拱坝坝肩进行抗滑稳定分析的过程中,必须加强对坝肩地质情况的调查,在全面掌握坝肩地质情况的基础上做好坝肩抗滑稳定性分析。主要阐述了桑浪水库拱坝坝肩抗滑稳定分析。     

长沙坝水库拱坝坝肩加固措施及其效果

坝肩岩体稳定是拱坝安全的根本保证,长沙坝水库大坝两岸地质条件较差,左右坝肩地质条件差异较大,在运行中存在绕坝渗漏和左右坝肩不对称变形,对拱坝坝肩稳定非常不利。本文通过介绍设计、施工、运行期间所采取的处理措施,总结了除险加固工程坝肩加固的措施及效果。     

拱坝坝肩破碎基础处理探讨

拱坝是利用拱圈把水压力传递到两坝肩的一种坝型,所以拱坝对坝肩地质条件要求较高。有时由于地形地质条件限制,部分拱坝坝肩座落在断层、软弱夹层和破碎基础等基础上,为保证拱坝的安全,坝肩基础需要进行处理。现主要介绍软弱基础上坝肩的处理措施,为中低型拱坝的坝肩处理提供参考。     

天然地基与加固地基条件下拱坝模型破坏试验研究

位于云南澜沧江上的小湾水电站拱坝为目前世界同类型坝中最高的一座。坝址具备修建高拱坝的优越地形条件,但其地质条件复杂,左右坝肩抗力体内存在部分地质缺陷,直接影响到拱坝与地基系统的正常运行和整体稳定。针对小湾拱坝1 210 m高程坝肩的地形地质条件,采用地质力学模型试验方法,用超载法进行破坏试验研究,并进行了坝肩天然地基未加固和坝肩地基加固两种方案的对比分析研究。通过两个方案的平面地质力学模型试验,对比分析了两种方案坝体、坝肩的变位分布规律及模型破坏过程和破坏形态、坝肩稳定超载安全度,研究成果表明:坝肩加固后超载能力得到了提高,破坏形态得到了改善,加固效果明显。     

预裂爆破在锦屏一级大坝右坝肩开挖施工中的应用

锦屏一级大坝右岸坝肩拱肩槽开挖,地质条件复杂,拱肩槽开挖高程1885m~1650m(一期),高边坡开挖高差235m,高差大,地质条件复杂。加之高拱坝对坝肩拱肩槽开挖质量要求极高,设计坡率变化大,开挖难度大。本文主要分析和总结了锦屏一级大坝右岸坝肩拱肩槽开挖的成功经验,以期在相似地质条件下的预裂爆破开挖参考。     

小湾拱坝坝肩稳定平面地质力学模型试验研究

小湾水电站是澜沧江中下游河段梯级开发的“龙头”水库,大坝为292 m高的双曲拱坝,坝址具备修建高拱坝的优越地形条件,但地质条件较为复杂。针对小湾拱坝1210 m高程坝肩的地形地质条件,对坝肩未进行加固处理方案,采用地质力学模型试验方法,抓住影响坝肩稳定的主要因素,利用超载法进行破坏试验研究,分析坝体及坝肩变形分布特征,探讨坝肩失稳的破坏过程、破坏形态和破坏机理,确定坝肩超载稳定安全度。     

德化东固水电站坝肩岩体稳定分析

该文根据德化东固水电站拱坝坝肩实测地形地质资料,分析了潜在的不稳定滑动面及其组合,采用刚体极限平衡法进行坝肩稳定计算,解决了坝肩稳定问题,可供类似工程参考。     

复杂地质条件下坝肩抗滑稳定计算及处理设计

五嘎冲拱坝右坝肩为缓倾下游偏河床的卸荷岩体,坝肩发育较大规模裂隙影响坝肩抗滑稳定。结合坝肩地质条件进行多种抗滑模式分析,参考重力坝基础深层抗滑稳定模式的双滑面计算方法,对复杂滑动面抗滑进行计算,为坝肩处理提供依据。本工程地质条件复杂,计算模式和处理措施多样,以期能为类似工程提供借鉴。     

方竹水电站拱坝坝肩稳定分析

方竹水电站大坝因修建时未按设计要求对两坝肩作防渗处理,经多年运行,两坝肩岸坡及接触带的渗水长期浸泡软化坝肩岩层及层间的软弱夹层,加之右坝肩抗滑岩体较为单薄,大坝坝肩的运行存在安全隐患.在对坝肩及坝体与基岩接触带采取了防渗措施的基础上,结合原设计资料、坝址区工程地质条件及电站建设过程中基础处理措施等,进一步复核坝肩稳定计算参数,分析计算坝肩抗滑稳定安全系数,对大坝坝肩稳定作出了科学评价.     

黄家寨水电站拱坝肩稳定性分析

黄家寨水电站坝址区河谷狭窄,岩层层面较发育,特别是右坝肩溶蚀裂隙发育,工程地质条件对坝肩稳定极为不利。为确保拱坝扁安全,本文采用刚体极限平衡法对左、右岸坝肩进行了抗滑稳定计算,为拱坝体形设计及坝肩处理提供了决策依据。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。