国内外新能源开发资料选登

●河北张家口风电年发电量首破百亿千瓦时2012年,张家口市风电全年发电量达103亿kW.h,首次突破百亿大关,实现销售收入56亿元。风电累计装机容量达到571万kW,并网容量491万kW,继续保持全国领先地位。张家口域内风能资源储量达2 000万kW以上,可开发量达1 200万kW以上,目前坝上地区已被国家列为风能开发重点地区。作为一个经济欠发达地区,张家口抓住国家鼓励清洁能源发展的良好机遇,提出"绿色崛起"的发展思路,把风电产业列入经济发展     

山地河谷风电项目机组设备运输与吊装安全风险控制探讨

四川境内具有丰富的风能资源,尤其是在山地、河谷地区风能资源最为丰富。随着国家产能结构的调整,近年来,四川风电产业发展也进入快速发展阶段,风电项目在四川西部、南部山地、河谷地区陆续开工建设。在山地、河谷地区风电项目建设过程中,风电设备的运输与吊装作业虽然一直作为重大风险进行管控,但事故仍然经常发生。如在川西山地某风电EPC总承包项目施工中,就发生了运输车辆侧翻损坏风机叶片、高压输电线路击穿断电等几起运输事故,虽未造成人员伤亡,但给项目成本与工期均带来了不利影响,事故原因主要在于项目对设备运输与吊装过程的安全风险缺乏严格控制。以川西某河谷风电场为例,详细阐述了风电项目设备运输与吊装过程中采用的安全风险管控方法与措施。     

临泽县发展风电产业的可行性探讨

风力发电是目前各种可再生能源中具有优势的产业。临泽县风力资源非常丰富,拥有发展风电产业得天独厚的优势,以科学发展观为指导,加快风电风能开发,对促进临泽经济结构调整、壮大县域经济实力具有重要的现实意义。     

湖北区域风能资源开发潜力综合分析

利用湖北区域2000-2021年77个气象台的风速、月平均气温、大气压等观测资料,分析了区域风能资源及其分布特征,估算了该区域风能资源开发潜力,并从风电的技术、趋势、政策等角度提出了开发建议和对策。湖北大部分地区处于风能资源可利用区,开发潜力为2 500万kW,“十四五”期间的风电将会加快速度大规模发展,同时因地制宜建设风光水储综合发电系统,可有效提高区域内资源利用率和投资效益。     

四川省山地风电场风电机组选型要点分析

四川省风能资源相对贫乏,但高原山区、高山峡谷地区风能资源具备一定的开发价值。四川省山地风电场风能资源特性各异,简要分析了风能资源特性,从风电机组对山地风电场适应性角度出发,分析了机组选型要点,可为后续风电场机组选型提供借鉴参考。     

乌兰察布风电基地风能资源特征分析

风能资源特征分析是风电基地选址、场址布局和风机优化排布的关键前提.采用全球高精度气候模型和地形数据,分析了乌兰察布风电基地的风能资源形成机理,应用中尺度数值模拟平台分析了风能资源特征,并对多种中尺度模拟数据的适用性进行了分析,提出适合于区域风能资源分析的数据平台,分析了乌兰察布风电基地的区域风能资源特点,可为大型风电基...     

中国风能概况

本文对中国风能资源的储量、分布，风能开发利用，风电发展规划的思路、目标等情况进行了简要介绍。并对风电发展前景作了简要分析。     

从国外风电发展探讨我国风电发展思路

风能是一种可再生、无污染的能源，其储量巨大，将成为21世纪的主要能源之一。本文从风能资源概况、国外风电发展现状、风电技术发展趋势，结合我国目前风电开发的实际情况，提出了我国发展风力发电的一些思路。     

西藏超高海拔地区风能资源特性分析

本文以覆盖西藏全区范围的代表测风塔实测数据为基础,分析超高海拔地区较其他内陆地区不同的风能资源特性,研究了空气密度、风速和风功率密度、风速和风能频率分布、风切变指数、湍流强度和50年一遇最大风速六个基本风况特征参数的一般变化规律,为超高海拔地区风电机组研发提供了一定的研究成果和参考依据,对推动超高海拔机组的研发进程、突破西藏风电开发滞后的技术瓶颈都具有重要的现实意义,从而为该类地区风电大规模开发做好充分准备。     

海洋风电产业发达国家产业发展政策及经验探讨

作为一种应用前景乐观的新兴可再生清洁能源,海洋风能已受到国际能源界的日益重视。海洋风电产业发达国家风电开发实践,值得中国借鉴。以对比的方法,总结了国外海洋风电产业发展在能源目标、风电政策、市场调整等方面的成功经验,指出了中国海洋风电产业中存在的问题。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.