冶勒水电站心墙沥青混凝土配合比试验研究

根据设计要求，在冶勒水电站沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝心墙施工前进行沥青混凝土配合比设计和试验。本文主要介绍了心墙沥青混凝土配合比试验的方案、过程、成果分析及试验结论。     

五一水库天然砾石骨料在沥青混凝土心墙中的适用性研究

以新疆五一水库砂砾石坝沥青混凝土心墙为例,进行了天然砾石骨料与沥青的黏附性试验、天然砾石骨料沥青混凝土配合比试验以及压缩试验、渗透试验、小梁弯曲试验、水稳定性试验,并与碱性白云岩骨料沥青混凝土相关性能进行对比。结果表明,以水泥作为填料又兼做提高沥青与骨料黏附力的措施,可明显改善天然砾石骨料与沥青胶浆的黏附性,使天然砾石骨料沥青混凝土各项性能指标满足规范要求,且近似达到碱性白云岩骨料沥青混凝土的性能。更多还原     

努尔加水库碾压式土石坝沥青混凝土心墙酸性砂砾石料的配合比试验研究

努尔加水库周围天然砂砾石料丰富,而碱性岩石料源距离坝址较远,为节省工程投资,对碾压式土石坝沥青混凝土心墙采用酸性砂砾石料进行了配合比试验研究,主要包括抗剥落剂的选型和沥青混凝土的水稳定试验,并对所推荐配合比的沥青混凝土进行了压缩、拉伸、弯曲、静三轴和渗透试验。结果表明:推荐配合比的沥青混凝土其各项物理力学性能均满足设计要求。     

大石门水库心墙沥青混凝土及过渡料试验分析

沥青混凝土料和过渡料是大石门水库沥青混凝土心墙坝施工的重要质量控制指标,也是大坝施工中关键施工技术,对大坝渗流稳定起着决定性作用。主要进行沥青混凝土料、过渡料检测试验,原料满足设计要求后再进行沥青混凝土配合比试验、过渡料试验。从试验结果可以看出:沥青混凝土原材料和过渡料检测试件密度、孔隙率、稳定度、流值、水稳定系数、渗透系数、油石比、矿料级配均符合设计技术要求。因此沥青混凝土及过渡料试验是大坝施工安全和结构问题的前提和保障。     

库什塔依水电站冬季施工的碾压式土石坝沥青混凝土心墙配合比试验研究

库什塔依水电站位于寒冷地区,沥青混凝土心墙施工期较短,为加快工程施工进度,提前发挥发电效益,对其沥青混凝土心墙冬季低温施工的配合比进行了试验研究,并通过模拟试验验证了-25℃低温条件下的施工工艺。主要包括确定适合冬季低温施工的配合比,冬季施工沥青混凝土的分离度、层间结合性能、压实效果、接合面渗透性及沥青混凝土的力学特性。试验成果表明,沥青混凝土的各项性能均满足设计要求。更多还原     

重庆市黔江县洞塘水库石渣坝沥青混凝土心墙材料配合比试验研究

本试验研究根据黔江洞塘水库的气温条件和原材料情况 ,从沥青混凝土心墙与坝体变形协调和防渗与施工的要求进行了配合比的试验研究。对推荐的沥青混凝土配合比进行了工程性能的试验。     

寒冷地区冬季施工的碾压式沥青混凝土心墙坝设计

详细介绍了库什塔依水电站碾压式沥青混凝土心墙坝冬季施工对工期及发电效益的影响.通过沥青混凝土配合比试验研究,确定适合冬季低温施工的配合比,并进行了-25℃低温条件下的施工工艺模拟验证试验.沥青混凝土的分离度、层间结合性能、压实效果、接合面渗透性、沥青混凝土物理力学特性和沥青混凝土施工质量等各种性能均满足设计要求.     

掺不同细骨料的碾压式沥青混凝土的力学试验研究

碾压式沥青混凝土是目前在沥青混凝土心墙工程中广泛使用的材料,在配合比设计中单掺人工砂的方法应用较多但成本较高。运用混掺人工砂和天然砂配合比的方法,对沥青混凝土的各项力学性能进行试验。研究结果表明:采用人工砂和天然砂混掺的碾压式沥青混凝土的配合比的各项性能均满足配合比设计的要求,同时在一定程度上降低了沥青混凝土的成本。     

拉洛水利枢纽及灌区工程碾压式沥青混凝土心墙施工技术研究

根据沥青混凝土心墙设计技术指标及参数要求,西藏拉洛水利枢纽沥青混凝土心墙坝通过现场试验等方法确定沥青混凝土施工配合比及沥青指标,并参考已建沥青混凝土心墙坝工程建设经验,对拉洛水利枢纽沥青混凝土心墙坝的混凝土拌和、运输、摊铺、碾压施工提出具体要求。通过取芯检测,认为采用该方法满足设计要求。     

罗湾大坝防渗加固沥青混凝土材料试验研究与应用

鉴于罗湾大坝的安全状况,2001年确定进行一期沥青混凝土防渗加固处理。而这个防渗加固方案能否成功,关键就在于能否合理选择沥青混凝土材料。通过室内配合比试验和现场配合比调整试验,选择出了满足设计要求的沥青混凝土。施工完成后,进行了现场测试,测试结果表明,所选沥青混凝土材料合理,施工质量良好。     

生物预处理技术在嘉兴地区给水厂的应用比较

对嘉兴地区主要给水厂近年来应用立体弹性填料、LT型悬浮球填料、YS型悬浮填料、卵石填料等的生物预处理工艺从填料及配套设施、工艺运行参数、运行效果、成本等方面进行了比较.认为弹性填料生物预处理更适用于低浊(50 NTU以下)、低氨氮(1.5 mg/L以下)原水,LT型悬浮球填料生物预处理适用于低中浊(100 NTU以下)、低中氨氮(2.5 mg/L以下)原水,YS型悬浮填料生物预处理及"SAF"滤池对低浊、中高氨氮(2.5 mg/L以上)原水有较好的适应性.最后探讨了弹性填料存在的短流、积泥,悬浮填料存在的部分填料流化不均匀,富氧的生物工艺单元内水生动物泛滥等问题.     

中国部分河口及其近海水域缺氧现象研究

对长江、珠江等河口及其近海水域缺氧现象与影响因素进行研究,结果表明,主要分布于长江与珠江河口及其邻近海域的缺氧现象,夏季(6—8月)达到最盛,秋冬季消失;长江口的缺氧区域主要位于30.75°N~32°N,122.5°E~123.25°E附近海域,具有南北2个缺氧中心;珠江口缺氧程度相对较轻,缺氧区域主要在广州黄埔区河段至虎门水域和伶仃洋;辽河、钱塘江、海河等河口区域也时而出现零星的缺氧现象;水体缺氧受控于多项环境要素,物理层化作用是缺氧产生的最初诱因之一,陆源污染物的分解则是重要的耗氧负荷;各河口区特征各异,潮汐、洋流、营养盐、叶绿素a等要素对缺氧区的范围、程度和持续时间影响程度不一。     

无资料流域水文预报(PUB计划)研究进展

无资料流域水文预报，简称为PUB(Predictions in Ungaugecl Basins)，从2003年7月开始成为国际水文科学学会新的国际水文十年计划主题．文中首先简述了PUB计划的主要研究内容，然后回顾了国际和国内已有的PUB研究进展，最后展望了对水文学发展有重要意义的几个PUB前沿研究，包括不确定性研究、对水循环各个环节因素的预报和对无资料流域水文过程的预报。     

Changes in urban stream channels in Zimbabwe

Although channel change has been documented downstream of urban areas there have been few previous studies which have focused upon the spatial variation of erosion and upon examples of such channel change in tropical areas. In the Avondale stream basin, which includes part of Harare the capital of Zimbabwe the way in which the channel network has evolved from the extensive dambo system in the period 1891 to 1984 is reconstructed showing that drainage density which was initially between 0.35 and 0.80 km km^?2 has increased to 3.15 km km^?2 including stormwater drains. Characteristics of erosion of the modified urban channels are described and the downstream reaches indicate an average channel widening of 1.7 times involving average rates of bank erosion of 0.33 m per year. Peak discharge is estimated from channel characteristics to be increased to two times former values and it is concluded that channel type and the relationship of channel change to the accommodation of peak discharges requires further research.     

北京某学校雨水利用设计

以北京市某中学为例,介绍一种学校雨水利用的方法。根据校区水量平衡计算结果,对利用校园内汇集的雨水作为冲厕、绿化和景观用水等进行设计;采取相应的技术措施,对雨水径流的污染进行控制,保障所利用雨水的水质达到要求,并采用生态净化的方式,使学校景观水体循环起来。虽然雨水利用工程投资较高,但其社会和环境效益显著。     

水利高性能计算的进展

针对水利信息化对精细模拟与高性能运算提出的愈来愈高的要求,在简单介绍高性能计算的硬件、软件环境及其在水利上的几个应用实例后,着重介绍了并行有限元法、并行边界元法的一些进展以及网格技术的最新进展。指出从网络到网格是高性能计算发展的最新方向,应以网格平台支持、促进水利信息化进程。     

中国内地水库淤积的差异性分析

为了解水库的淤积现状,根据115座具有代表性的中国内地水库淤积资料,对这些水库按类型和区域进行统计分析,结果表明,中小型水库比大型水库淤积严重,不同流域水库淤积的空间差异明显,黄河中下游地区水库淤积比例最大,西南地区水库年均淤积率最大。截止到2003年,根据代表性水库淤积的计算结果推算出中国内地水库的平均淤积比例约为20%,库容年均淤积率为0.76%,相当于每年损失1座库容近42.3亿m3的超大型水库。     

Trends in ecological river engineering in Korea

Ecological river engineering can be defined as the design and implementation of river works and river restoration works for the benefit of human society. It also guarantees the sustainable ecological functions of a river, such as its habitats and self-purification of its water. It is currently in the beginning stages in Korea, utilizing scientific knowledge on the processes of aquatic ecosystem degeneration and a methodology for solving the ecological problems in artificially altered rivers currently under development. The changes in river management and work practices in Korea may be best explained with a chronologically progressing sequence of ‘Natural’, ‘Disaster-prevention’, ‘Occupied’, ‘Park’, and ‘Close-to-nature’ rivers. Since the 1960s, the focus on river management and work has shifted from flood control only, to both flood control and riverine habitat conservation and restoration. Five research topics have been selected for this article, and the progress of each research area is briefly described with a representative picture in each topic. They are as follows: (1) flow resistance due to vegetation, (2) environmental flow, (3) floodplain vegetation modeling, (4) small dam removal, and (5) river restoration. For the future prospects of research on ecological river engineering in Korea, a necessity of further research on floodplain vegetation recruitment and succession, which can explain the so-called ‘white river’ and ‘green river’, is underlined, among others. Finally, two ongoing large research programs on river ecosystem restoration, of which are sponsored by the Government of Korea, are briefly introduced, followed by the introduction of a near-prototype experiment facility recently completed mainly for research on ecological river engineering.     

吉林省2001年汛期降水量趋势预测

本文根据历年6－9月降水量距平值累计曲线和历年6－9月降水量特征值变化，对我省今后汛期全省各地区降水趋势及降水量进行了预测，可供有关部门参考。     

Lake—Wide Seasonal Changes in Limnological Conditions in Lake Michigan in 1976

Data collected on lake-wide cruises in 1976 were used to study seasonal and vertical variations in water temperature, transparency, chlorophyll a, and nutrients in Lake Michigan. Data were analyzed according to subsets corresponding to the northern and southern open lake. Comparisons (t-tests) of data from the open lake indicated that the average water temperature was cooler and average water transparency was greater in the northern lake than in the southern, but with the exception of total phosphorus, average nutrient concentrations did not differ between the northern and southern parts. It was found that physical-chemical characteristics of nearshore and Straits of Mackinac stations differed significantly from open lake stations. Seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the open lake were related to seasonal and vertical changes in silica and nitrate nitrogen. The spring phytoplankton bloom occurred before the lake was strongly stratified thermally. After thermal stratification was well developed, epilimnetic concentrations of chlorophyll a decreased, probably due to some combination of nutrient limitation and zooplankton grazing, and maximum chlorophyll a concentrations were found below the thermocline. Epilimnetic silica concentrations decreased after thermal stratification and diatoms were replaced in the phytoplankton assemblage by green and blue-green algae in late summer. Total phosphorus averaged only 8 μg/L on a lake-wide basis and thus only small but significant reductions in absolute concentration can be expected from phosphorus control programs. However, over a period of several years, these small reductions in concentration may be difficult to verify from total phosphorus measurements which have relatively large sampling errors and variances.