包埋活性炭的聚砜微球去除双酚A的研究

采用液-液相分离的方法制备了包埋活性炭的聚砜（活性炭-聚砜）微球，并考察了其对双酚A（BPA）的吸附功能.活性炭-聚砜微球和纯聚砜微球相比具有相似的结构，表面均为致密层，内部为多孔结构.但包埋活性炭后微球对BPA的吸附能力却大大提高，随活性炭含量和BPA浓度的增加，微球对BPA的吸附能力增强.吸附BPA后微球可以通过乙醇再生复用.研究表明，活性炭-聚砜微球能有效去除双酚A，实用性强，有很好应用前景.     

分子印迹吸附剂对红景天水煎液中重金属的吸附

采用分子印迹技术,以Pb（Ⅱ）为印迹离子制备了铅印迹壳聚糖包覆硅藻土微球（PbCSDE）。研究了PbCSDE对红景天水煎液中重金属Pb（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附,考察了吸附时间、溶液pH对吸附的影响。与732商业树脂比较,铅印迹壳聚糖包覆硅藻土微球（PbCSDE）对红景天水煎液中Pb（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附能力提高了2倍多。紫外光谱和高效液相色谱分析表明,经PbCSDE吸附后,红景天水煎液中的活性成分红景天苷没有发生改变。     

磺化聚醚砜微球制备及对亚甲蓝的吸附

采用气体三氧化硫法制备了磺化聚醚砜（SPES），并对其进行了表征。将制得的SPES用于制备吸附微球，研究了压缩空气流量对所成微球大小的影响，分析了微球内部的孔结构。对比SPES和聚醚砜（PES）2种微球对水中亚甲蓝（MB）的吸附，发现SPES微球对MB的吸附性能明显优于PES微球对MB的吸附性能。     

松香基氨基化聚合物微球的制备及吸附性能

利用氨基硅烷偶联剂（KH-792）对松香基羟基化聚合物微球进行接枝改性,研究了反应温度、反应时间和KH-792用量对聚合物微球性能的影响。利用红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）、扫描电镜（SEM）和X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）对聚合物微球进行测试表征,利用电导滴定法测定了聚合物微球的氨基含量。探讨了不同氨基含量的聚合物微球对乙基紫的吸附作用。结果表明：成功制备了松香基氨基化聚合物微球,改性前后聚合物微球形态均无明显变化且球形及单分散性好,热稳定性高于松香基羟基化聚合物微球。较优制备条件为：KH-792用量为松香基羟基化聚合物微球质量的70%,在90℃下反应10h,聚合物微球氨基含量达到181μmol/g。当固液比为1 g/L,pH=9.5,在328 K下吸附5min时,微球对乙基紫的吸附量为57.02 mg/g。     

草莓型PVAc／SiO2有机-无机复合微球的合成

用无皂乳液聚合法制备了草莓型的聚醋酸乙烯酯／二氧化硅（PVAc／SiO2）纳米复合微球,探讨了纳米SiO2溶胶的pH值和用量对复合微球粒径与形态的影响。研究表明纳米SiO2粒子被吸附在有机相表面,形成草莓型结构,其粒子表面的羟基与PVAc分子链中羟基之间的氢键作用是制备这种单分散草莓型PVAc／SiO2纳米复合微球的关键。     

聚砜微球的制备及应用

通过W/O/W型双重乳液法制备聚砜(PSF)微球。研究聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、油酸(OA)、吐温80,这些油相表面活性剂对微球形成的影响。并根据微球形貌的变化来检测水中的有机污染物。结果表明:利用油酸(OA)作为表面活性剂,可以得到蜂窝状聚砜微球。并且其对水中的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)有极端的敏感反应(NMP/水,1/107)。     

粉煤灰基地质聚合物微球吸附水中铜（Ⅱ）的研究

以粉煤灰为原料,以氢氧化钾溶液为碱激发剂,将二者按照优化配比（氧化钾与氧化铝物质的量比为1.5、水与氧化钠物质的量比为18）混合均匀后,采用悬浮固化法制备粉煤灰基地质聚合物微球,将微球用于吸附含铜废水中的铜（Ⅱ）。通过X射线衍射（XRD）仪、比表面积与孔径分析仪、BT-99型水质分析仪对微球进行了表征,探究了吸附时间、微球用量、吸附温度、铜（Ⅱ）溶液pH、铜（Ⅱ）溶液质量浓度等因素对微球吸附铜（Ⅱ）的影响。结果表明,粉煤灰基地质聚合物微球较粉煤灰原料具有更大的孔径和比表面积,具有更好的对铜（Ⅱ）的吸附效果,在最优条件下[微球用量为0.20 g、溶液pH为5、铜（Ⅱ）初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、溶液体积为100 mL、吸附温度为40℃、吸附时间为24 h]微球对铜（Ⅱ）的吸附量为45.62 mg/g、去除率达到91.46%,吸附过程遵循准二级动力学方程。     

改性纤维素微球的制备及其对Pb2＋吸附性能的研究

利用绿色环保的碱／尿素／水溶剂体系直接制备纤维素溶液共混聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）,然后通过高压静电法制备再生纤维素微球,并与戊二醛交联固定化,制备了复合型吸附材料。借助吸附动力学和吸附等温方程研究了改性纤维素微球对Pb2＋的吸附性能,结果表明改性纤维素微球对Pb2＋具有较好的吸附容量达到9．46mg／g,相比空白微球提高50％以上,并且吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich等温方程。     

羟基磷灰石微球的制备及废水除氟性能评价

以壳聚糖为模板,通过反向乳液聚合制备得到羟基磷灰石微球（CTS-HAP）,在利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）、红外光谱（FT-IR）对改性和吸附前后微球进行微观分析基础上,测定其在氟化钠溶液中的平衡吸附量为17.8 mg/g（吸附pH=4）,微球对氟离子吸附符合多层分子吸附模型——Freundlich模型。针对氟离子质量浓度为2 789.2 mg/L、pH为1.7的酸性高含氟废水,设计二阶段除氟。初步除氟阶段氢氧化钙用量为10 864 mg/L,剩余氟离子质量浓度为200.6 mg/L,去除率为92.81%;深度除氟采用CTS-HAP微球吸附法,CTS-HAP微球用量为24 g/L,去除率为95.2%,满足处理后废水氟离子浓度要求。     

磁性壳聚糖微球固定化酵母细胞及其用于发酵生产酒精的研究

通过溶胀一吸附法用磁性壳聚糖微球固定化酵母细胞,考察了磁性壳聚糖微球固定化酵母细胞的效果.结果表明,大量酵母细胞被固定在磁性微球表面,且磁性壳聚糖微球可重复使用.以所制备的磁性固定化酵母细胞发酵生产酒精,发酵醪液的酒精度高于悬浮酵母细胞发酵醪液的酒精度,重复使用磁性壳聚糖微球固定化酵母细胞再次发酵,醪液的酒精度虽然有所下降,但是仍高于悬浮酵母细胞发酵的酒精度.     

Preparation of core–shell glass bead/polysulfone microspheres with two‐step sol–gel process

Core–shell microspheres made from glass beads as the core phase and polysulfone (PSf) as the shell phase can act as an absorbent in the separation process or a supporter for chemical reactions. Based on phase‐inversion principles, a two‐step sol–gel method was developed in this work in which ether was added first and H₂O was added second to a PSf‐containing dimethyformamide (DMF) solution to help PSf solidify on the surface of glass beads. The results from scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform IR, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that a dense layer of PSf (thin to several microns) was coated on the glass beads and the core–shell microspheres were almost monodispersed. The utilization percentages of the glass beads and PSf were high as 100 and 80%, respectively. The thickness of the PSf membrane was calculated to be about 4.3 μm. To obtain well‐monodispersed microspheres, the practical volume ratio of ether to DMF was recommended to be larger than 4.5. The results suggested that the two‐step sol–gel method is a highly efficient process for preparation of glass bead/PSf core–shell microspheres. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3365–3369, 2006     

Facile preparation of polybenzoxazine-based carbon microspheres with nitrogen functionalities: effects of mixed solvents on pore structure and supercapacitive performance

In this study, polybenzoxazine (PBZ)-based carbon microspheres were prepared via a facile method using a mixture of formaldehyde (F) and dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent. The PBZ microspheres were successfully obtained at the F/DMF weight ratios of 0.4 and 0.6. These microspheres exhibited high nitrogen contents after carbonization. The microstructures of all the samples showed an amorphous phase and a partial graphitic phase. The porous carbon with the F/DMF ratio of 0.4 showed significantly higher specific capacitance (275.1 F∙g^‒1) than the reference carbon (198.9 F∙g^‒1) at 0.05 A∙g^‒1. This can be attributed to the synergistic electrical double-layer capacitor and pseudo-capacitor behaviors of the porous carbon with the F/DMF ratio of 0.4. The presence of nitrogen/oxygen functionalities induced pseudo-capacitance in the microspheres, and hence increased their total specific capacitance. After activation with CO₂, the specific surface area of the carbon microspheres with the F/DMF ratio of 0.4 increased from 349 to 859 m²∙g^‒1 and the specific capacitance increased to 424.7 F∙g^‒1. This value is approximately two times higher than that of the reference carbon. The results indicated that the F/DMF ratio of 0.4 was suitable for preparing carbon microspheres with good supercapacitive performance. The nitrogen/oxygen functionalities and high specific surface area of the microspheres were responsible for their high capacitance.     

CuZn-SOD乳酸-羟乙酸共聚物缓释微球的制备及体外、体内释放研究

目的 探讨CuZn-SOD包裹入乙酸-羟乙酸共聚物制备的药物微球的缓释效果。方法 采用复乳法制备CuZn-SOD乙酸-羟乙酸共聚物(PLGA)药物微球,分别用恒温摇瓶法和ELISA法检测体外和体内的释放效果。结果 有机相/分散相体积比、内水相体积、蛋白质浓度等因素影响微球的性质,由于聚合物的吸附作用,CuZn-SOD的体外释放呈明显的两段释放,释放不完全;体内释放显示微球制剂有一定的缓释效果。结论 该微球有比较好的缓释作用。     

5-FU-PLGA复乳微球的制备及体外释放

采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备W/O/W型5-FU-PLGA复乳微球,采用单因素设计考察了第一相体积比(内水相与油相)、第二相体积比(初乳与外水相)对复乳稳定性的影响,采用正交设计考察了搅拌温度、搅拌时间、辅料浓度和有机相中载体材料浓度对微球质量的影响,并对制备条件进行优化。最适宜制备条件为:第一相体积比为1:2,第二相体积比为1:1,搅拌温度为10 ℃、搅拌时间为6 h、辅料浓度为0.5%、有机相中载体材料浓度为15%。依据最适宜条件制备的微球圆整度良好、粒径范围窄,平均粒径5.20 μm,载药量为5.34%,包封率为77.22%。体外释放试验表明微球具有明显的缓释效果,释放行为符合Higuchi模型。     

Preparation of magnetic poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres with a controllable particle size based on a composite emulsion and their release properties for curcumin loading

Because of their unique magnetic features and good biocompatibility, magnetic poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres have great application potential in magnetic targeted drug‐delivery systems. In this research, magnetic PLGA microspheres with controllable particle sizes were successfully prepared from a composite emulsion with a T‐shaped microchannel reactor. A water‐in‐oil‐in‐water composite emulsion was generated by the injection of a dichloromethane/gelatin water‐in‐oil initial emulsion into the microchannel together with a coating aqueous phase, that is, the aqueous solution of glucose and poly(vinyl alcohol). The mean particle size of the microspheres could be controlled by the manipulation of the osmotic pressure difference between the internal and external aqueous phases via changes in the glucose concentration. Curcumin, a drug with an inhibitory effect on tumor cells, was used to exemplify the release properties of the magnetic PLGA microspheres. We found that the mean particle size of the microspheres ranged from 16 to 207 μm with glucose concentrations from 0 to 20 wt %. The resulting microspheres showed a rapid magnetic response, good superparamagnetism, and a considerable magnetocaloric effect, with a maximum magnetic entropy of 0.061 J·kg^?1·K^?1 at 325 K. An encapsulation efficiency of up to 77.9% was achieved at a loading ratio of 3.2% curcumin. A release ratio of 72.4% curcumin from the magnetic PLGA microspheres was achieved within 120 h in a phosphate‐buffered solution. The magnetic PLGA microspheres showed potential to be used as drug carriers for magnetic targeted tumor therapy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43317.     

Controlled preparation of porous polysulfone monolith via concentrated emulsion templating using an aminated polysulfone as surfactant

A methodology for preparing porous polysulfone (PSF) monolith via concentrated emulsion templating was proposed. A regular emulsion was first prepared using a solution of PSF in chloroform as the continuous phase and deionized water as the dispersed one. After the emulsion was formed, the liquid species in the emulsion was allowed to be evaporated. The solvent chloroform was first removed and the emulsion was transformed to a concentrated emulsion. Further removing the aqueous species, a porous PSF monolith was obtained. To keep the system stable throughout the process, an aminated polysulfone rather than conventional surfactants was employed. The effects of chloroform and water fractions, the nature and loading of the macromolecular surfactant, the evaporating temperature on the pore structure were investigated. Controlled porous structure with different pore size and porosity could be obtained through the method. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸共聚物微球的制备及性能

以环己烷为油相,壳聚糖溶液为水相,运用反相乳液聚合法制得了具有pH敏感性的壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸共聚物微球。讨论了微球在pH=1～10缓冲溶液中的溶胀率变化,研究表明,微球在强酸性(pH≈1)和碱性(pH>7)条件下,溶胀率均在10倍以上;而在pH=2～6时溶胀较差,当pH=4时出现最低值,溶胀率低于1倍。光学显微镜所观察到的微球粒径均在40μm以内,且大小均匀。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪分析了不同配比样品特征峰的峰值和峰面积的变化。用722光栅分光光度计研究了共聚物微球包埋考马斯亮蓝的溶胀释放过程。     

Destabilization of Yellow Mustard Emulsion Using Organic Solvents

An aqueous extraction process was developed consisting of aqueous contact with dehulled yellow mustard flour to recover protein followed by dissolution of the released emulsion in dimethylformamide (DMF) or isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to recover the released oil in the form of single-phase oil–solvent miscellae suitable for industrial applications. Only some 38 ± 3 % of the oil in the yellow mustard emulsion was extracted using DMF even at high weight ratios since DMF is widely miscible with water, preventing separation of the oil from the emulsion. A ternary phase diagram of DMF/oil/water was prepared and confirmed the limited solubility of the oil in DMF in the presence of water. The use of 31:1 IPA:oil weight ratio could effectively recover over 94 % of the oil in the emulsion; however, multiple-stage treatment of the emulsion was proven to be more efficient with lower volumes of IPA required to achieve high oil extraction yields. The results suggest that the optimal conditions for multiple-stage process were four stages using 2:1 IPA:oil weight ratio, with 96 ± 1 % oil recovery from the emulsion.     

Facile preparation of PLGA microspheres with diverse internal structures by modified double‐emulsion method for controlled release

Poly(l ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres with diverse internal structures and different release behaviors were prepared via a modified double‐emulsion method by introduction of heparin or carboxymethyl chitosan in the inner aqueous phase and calcium chloride in the outer aqueous phase, respectively. The main factors affecting the microsphere morphology were systematically studied, including compositions in the inner aqueous phase, the oily phase, and the outer aqueous phase. The transmission electron microscope images demonstrated that the microspheres are featured with single core, hollow, and multicore structures when their sizes were less than 200 nm, in the range of 200–700 nm, and greater than 700 nm, respectively. In comparison with hollow PLGA microspheres, the PLGA microspheres with heparin and carboxymethyl chitosan in the inner aqueous phase also showed multicore and single core structures, respectively, and exhibited higher loading efficiencies and slower release rates by using bovine serum albumin as a model for bioactive substances. It was concluded that this study provided a facile method to prepare microspheres with single core, multicore, or hollow feature, and the tunability of the different internal structures and related release profiles enables these systems cater to specific requirements for potential applications in controlled biomolecule delivery for tissue regeneration. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:896–906, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers