包层抽运掺镱光纤激光器中受激拉曼散射和受激布里渊散射效应

高功率光纤激光器大多选用掺镱双包层光纤作为增益介质,由于光纤尺寸较小,极易在光纤谐振腔中产生受激布里渊散射、受激拉曼散射效应。包层掺镱双包层光纤激光器中一旦发生受激拉曼散射和受激布里渊散射效应,其产生高强度信号成为高功率光纤激光器的主要噪声来源,影响激光输出的特性和稳定性。对包层抽运掺镱光纤激光器中的受激布里渊散射和受激拉曼散射进行了实验研究,在单模双包层光纤中观察到受激布里渊散射和受激拉曼散射。实验结果表明,在光纤谐振腔中,抽运方式、谐振腔输出镜损耗、受激瑞利散射对受激布里渊散射的影响较大,尤其是受激瑞利散射为谐振腔提供了附加反馈,不仅压窄激光信号的线宽,而且使得受激布里渊散射的阈值迅速降低。     

高功率激光单模光纤远距离传输实验研究

受激拉曼散射（SRS）效应是制约高功率激光单模光纤远距离传输应用的瓶颈因素。采用1550nm非偏振连续波单模光纤激光器作为光源, 通过实验研究了不同注入光功率条件下经过103km单模光纤传输所产生的受激拉曼散射现象,运用级联长周期光纤光栅带阻滤波器进行了受激拉曼散射抑制实验,并进行了相应的理论分析。提出了光纤受激拉曼散射抑制有效性判据,实验演示了受激拉曼散射现象,验证了级联长周期光纤光栅带阻滤波器对受激拉曼散射抑制的有效性。     

掺镱全光纤激光振荡器横向模式不稳定与受激拉曼散射的关系

研究了掺镱全光纤激光振荡器中横向模式不稳定效应与受激拉曼散射之间的关系。在纤芯直径为20μm的单端抽运1.5kW级全光纤激光振荡器中,当受激拉曼散射达到一定阈值时,横向模式不稳定效应突然出现,激光器输出功率突然减小,减小的输出功率由包层光滤除器倾泻到谐振腔外。实验发现:受激拉曼散射光谱增强、输出功率减小与包层光滤除器温度上升存在一定的关联;通过缩短光纤长度抑制受激拉曼散射,可以将单端抽运激光振荡器的横向模式不稳定阈值增大到2kW以上。对纤芯直径为25μm的双端抽运激光振荡器进行研究,同样通过抑制受激拉曼散射增大了横向模式不稳定阈值,获得了大于5kW的激光功率输出。实验结果初步验证了在非线性较强的情况下,受激拉曼散射是导致横向模式不稳定的原因,通过抑制受激拉曼散射可以增大横向模式不稳定阈值。     

基于拉曼晶体的多波长激光技术研究进展

利用受激拉曼散射效应,以拉曼晶体作为介质,可产生同轴输出的多波长激光信号,该种激光器具有结构紧凑、脉冲能量高和波长可调谐等特点,在全色激光成像与显示、光电对抗等领域有着重要的应用前景。本文介绍了受激拉曼散射基本原理和常用拉曼激光器结构,研究了国内外基于拉曼晶体的多波长激光技术的研究进展,总结了利用受激拉曼散射产生多波长激光存在的不足。针对目前受激拉曼散射高阶散射光较难生成,生成的多波长激光信号覆盖谱段较窄,输出功率较低,调谐方式单一等问题,提出了今后多波长激光技术发展方向。     

激光诱导等离子体对水团簇受激拉曼散射的影响

利用532 nm脉冲激光作用于水分子,研究其受激拉曼Stokes和anti-Stokes散射.实验表明:激光束经过聚焦后,在能量为4 mJ时,水分子产生等离子体;在泵浦激光能量由5 mJ增加到15 mJ的过程中,水分子OH键伸缩振动的受激拉曼Stokes散射光强逐渐增大、受激谱带宽度逐渐加宽,并且受激拉曼Stokes散射中心波长呈现蓝移趋势;当能量为15 mJ时,产生了OH键伸缩振动的受激拉曼anti-Stokes散射光.利用激光诱导等离子体增强水分子团簇的受激拉曼散射理论解释了以上现象,实验与理论符合地很好.     

用皮秒KrF激光脉冲测量气体中的拉曼散射阈值

我们用ＫｒＦ激光系统的２０ｐｓ脉冲测量了多种气体的受激拉曼散射阈值。用能量最高为２００μＪ的脉冲观察到在５ａｔｍ以下甲烷、氢、氨和六氟化硫的受激散射。同样条件下，在氧或氮中则观察不到受激散射。测量结果与瞬态受激拉曼散射的理论符合很好。     

可见光域石英光学纤维中的拉曼光谱

本文提出了石英光纤维的自然和受激拉曼散射的测试方法,给出了自然拉曼散射三级受激拉曼散射和七级斯托克斯光谱。讨论了在低于单模光纤截止波长时的输出模式。对受激拉曼光谱进一步讨论了阈值条件及半值谱宽和泵浦功率的关系。     

纳米多晶SiC膜中由强散射形成的谐振腔激射的研究

纳米碳化硅多晶膜构成的无序结构的拉曼受激散射和似激光散射是这种材料的一个新现象。本文讨论了在碳化硅纳米薄膜中出现的拉曼受激散射和随机激光现象，提出拉曼受激散射阈值降低的原因在于纳米晶体的散射截面增大，而随机激光是由于纳米晶体构成的无序结构因光在其中产生局域化所致。此外，本文还报道了荧光辟裂的现象，初步认为是纳米无序结构形成的光子禁带产生的作用。     

双向泵浦受激拉曼散射增益谱平坦光纤放大器

研究现有的拉曼光纤放大器(Raman Fiber Amplifier,RFA)增益谱平坦化技术的不足,提出一种新型的拉曼光纤放大器的设计,即双向泵浦受激拉曼散射增益谱平坦光纤放大器。利用受激拉曼散射增益谱几乎在450cm-1波数处形成的对称结构,利用前向泵浦与信号光产生的频移对信号光进行放大作用,同时利用后向泵浦与信号光产生的频移对信号光进行补偿性的放大作用,从而实现双向泵浦受激拉曼散射增益谱平坦光纤放大器的设计。通过MATLAB的仿真验证,所设计的放大器增益平坦度高,信号光功率增益大,可实现双向泵浦受激拉曼散射光纤放大器的平坦化。     

新型受激拉曼散射激活晶体光谱和固态受激拉曼散射激光器

拉曼散射发现后不久 ,在 G.Placzek建立的一般理论中 ,能找到拉曼散射受激过程的内涵。然而 ,光的受激拉曼散射直到激光辐射源出现以后才被发现。俄国科学家 N.G.Basov和 A.M.Prokhorov为激光的发明做出的贡献赢得了全世界的承认。 1 96 2年 ,E.J.Woodbury和 W.K.Ng用硝酸基苯克尔吸收池研究红宝石激光器 Q开关的时候 ,发现受激拉曼散射效应。在激光光谱中 ,他们观测到一个高强度的相对于激光频率频移1 34 5 cm- 1 的红外辐射成分 ,这种现象后来归结于受激拉曼散射效应。从那以后 ,这个令人着迷的非线性现象及其在激光光谱学和激光工…     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks