Service-Oriented Computing: Bringing Business Systems to the Web

The notion of "service" has spurred major evolutions for both information systems and the Web. A software application is no longer considered a monolithic component; it can be divided into services that are smaller components defined by their function and accessible through well-defined interfaces and protocols. As a result, IT actors are using service-oriented architectures (SOAs) to remodel the information systems of many companies while the Web is increasingly becoming a programmable place. In both domains, developers build composite client applications to consume these services. Even boundaries between enterprise services and Internet services are vanishing. Some companies, such as Strikelron provide enterprise services that were previously always hosted internally - like customer relationship management solutions. As a consequence, companies now have the technologies required to bring their business online. With Web services, private business processes can be exposed to partners through public composite Web applications. When new projects emerge, companies need guidance to properly handle such work. In this context, we aim to provide companies solutions - through a methodology, an architecture, and technical choices - that will help them solve generic problems such as security and application conception     

基于服务质量的网格工作流系统研究

网格工作流可以定义成为完成特定目标而在异构和分布的资源上以一定次序执行的网格应用服务的集合.在网格工作流中引入服务质量,为网格服务的调度提供了依据,使得工作流的执行更加满足用户需求.通过使用服务质量可以对网格工作流进行选择和执行,从而更加符合用户的期望.提出了一种典型的基于服务质量的网格工作流管理体系结构及相关的服务质量参数体系,讨论了基于服务质量的工作流调度算法,并给出一个基于快速遗传算法的应用实例.     

Cooperative scheduling mechanism for large-scale peer-to-peer computing systems

Over recent years, peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have become an important part of Internet. Millions of users have been attracted to their structures and services. P2P computing is a distributed computing paradigm that uses Internet to connect thousands, or even millions, of users into a single large virtual computer based on the sharing of computational resources. One of the most critical aspects to the design of P2P computing systems is the development of scheduling techniques to manage the computational resources efficiently and in a scalable way. This paper proposes a cooperative scheduling mechanism with a two-level topology designed to work on large-scale distributed computing P2P systems. Our main contribution is proposing three criteria that only use local information to schedule tasks thus providing scalability to the overall scheduling system. By setting up these three criteria, the system can be easily adapted to work efficiently with very different kinds of distributed applications. The extensive experimentation carried out justifies the importance of good scheduling in such heterogeneous systems, but also emphasizes the importance of having a scheduling algorithm capable of being adapted to the requirements of different kinds of application.     

Enhancing decentralized service discovery in open service-oriented multi-agent systems

Service-oriented multi-agent systems are dynamic systems that are populated by heterogeneous agents. These agents model their functionality as services in order to allow heterogeneous agents or other entities to interact with each other in a standardized way. Furthermore, due to the large-scale and adaptative needs of the system, traditional directory facilitators or middle-agents are not suitable for the management of agent services. This article proposes the introduction of homophily in service-oriented multi-agent systems to create efficient decentralized and self-organized structures where agents have a greater probability of establishing links with similar agents than with dissimilar ones. This similarity is based on two social dimensions: the set of services that an agent provides and the organizational roles that it plays. A second contribution is an algorithm for service discovery that it is carried out taking into account the local information that is related to the homophily between agents. The experiments compare our proposal with other proposals in distributed environments. The results show that the proposed structure and algorithm offer desirable features for service discovery in decentralized environments. Specifically, these features provide short paths and a high success rate in the service discovery process and resilience under deliberate failures.     

基于CAFISE Framework的高适应性面向服务软件开发

在企业及电子政务应用中,由资源分布异构及需求动态变化而产生的问题越来越严重,如何让应用快速适应这些变化一直是人们关注的一个研究难题.首先给出了一个面向服务的支持业务端编程的适应性软件结构框架CAFISE(convergent approach for information system evolution)Framework,然后给出了基于该框架的面向服务的适应性软件开发方法.CAFISE Framework对异构资源的服务化、业务化及开放动态的面向服务软件体系结构提供了较好的支持.基于该结构框架的开发方法,从对影响软件的环境要素分析入手,通过质量属性驱动的体系结构分析,重点针对应用要适应的变化进行结构设计,最终通过以体系结构为基础的业务端编程,实现面向服务应用的即时开发与演化.在实际项目中的使用及实验证明:用该框架和方法开发的面向服务应用,能够较好地适应异构资源的动态变化及用户业务变更,能以较低的代价实现企业及电子政务面向服务应用的持续演化.     

A survey of service composition in ambient intelligence environments

This article presents a comparative review of systems performing service composition in Ambient Intelligence Environments. Such environments should comply to ubiquitous or pervasive computing guidelines by sensing the user needs or wishes and offering intuitive human-computer interaction and a comfortable non-intrusive experience. To achieve this goal service orientation is widely used and tightly linked with AmI systems. Some of these employ the Web Service technology, which involves well-defined web technologies and standards that facilitate interoperable machine to machine interaction. Other systems regard services of different technologies (e.g. UPnP, OSGi etc) or generally as abstractions of various actions. Service operations are sometimes implemented as software based functions or actions over hardware equipment (e.g. UPnP players). However, a single service satisfies an atomic only user need, so services need to be composed (i.e. combined), in order to provide the usually requested complex tasks. Since manual service composition is obviously a hassle for the user, ambient systems struggle to automate this process by applying various methods. The approaches that have been adopted during the last years vary widely in many aspects, like domain of application, modeling of services, composition method, knowledge representation and interfaces. This work presents a comparative view of these approaches revealing similarities and differences, while providing additional information.     

What has requirements research ever done for us? (goal-modeling techniques)

Requirements research has produced two principal goal-modeling techniques-knowledge acquisition in automated specification (KAOS) and i*. Both investigate goals that can provide criteria for determining whether requirements are relevant and complete. KAOS treats goals as desired system properties that traditional requirements-gathering techniques discover. It structures them into directed acyclic graphs. The i* approach models information systems as heterogeneous actors with different, often competing goals that nonetheless depend on each other to undertake their tasks and achieve these goals.     

A Bayesian network and analytic hierarchy process based personalized recommendations for tourist attractions over the Internet

Selecting tourist attractions to visit at a destination is a main stage in planning a trip. Although various online travel recommendation systems have been developed to support users in the task of travel planning during the last decade, few systems focus on recommending specific tourist attractions. In this paper, an intelligent system to provide personalized recommendations of tourist attractions in an unfamiliar city is presented. Through a tourism ontology, the system allows integration of heterogeneous online travel information. Based on Bayesian network technique and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, the system recommends tourist attractions to a user by taking into account the travel behavior both of the user and of other users. Spatial web services technology is embedded in the system to provide GIS functions. In addition, the system provides an interactive geographic interface for displaying the recommendation results as well as obtaining users’ feedback. The experiments show that the system can provide personalized recommendations on tourist attractions that satisfy the user.     

一种共性服务接入与集成方法

随着互联网的高速发展,各领域企业的信息化程度越来越高,快速开发高质量、易维护的企业业务信息系统是必然的趋势.由于不同企业在搭建业务信息系统时存在一些十分相似的功能需求,为了高效而有保障地满足信息化系统的建设,信息系统的开发人员选择使用第三方企业开发的服务并以松耦合的方式整合其共性服务的开发.开发人员从而可以将更多的精力投入于其核心商业逻辑的构建.然而,众多的基于第三方提供的各种服务给系统开发人员带来了适配难、质量无保障等困难,极大地阻碍了业务信息系统的建设.针对上述问题,提出了一种业务信息系统共性服务接入与集成方法.该方法集成了搭建业务信息系统所共性需求的各种第三方共性服务,为各领域、各行业的业务信息系统提供具有统一接口格式的、可互联互通的,且支持服务保障和服务运营支撑功能的可定制集成服务的共性服务基础设施.详细阐述了该方法的功能、结构与特点,提出了一种共性服务组合流程抽象描述语言以系统地描述与开发,并举例深入阐述系统的特点.     

Peer-to-peer service provisioning in cloud computing environments

This paper aims to advance the management and delivery of services in large, heterogeneous, uncertain, and evolving cloud computing environments. The goal is important because such systems are becoming increasingly popular, yet existing service management methods do not scale well, and nor do they perform well under highly unpredictable conditions. If these problems can be solved, then Information Technology (IT) services can be made to operate in more scalable and reliable manner. In this paper, we present a peer-to-peer approach for managing services in large scale, dynamic, and evolving cloud computing environments. The system components such as virtualized services, computing servers, storage, and databases self-organize themselves using a peer-to-peer networking overlay. Inter-networking system components through peer-to-peer routing and information dissemination structure is essential to avoid the problems of management bottleneck and single point of failure that is predominantly associated with traditional centralized and hierarchical distributed (grids/clouds) system design approaches. We have validated our approach by conducting a set of rigorous performance evaluation study using the Amazon EC2 cloud computing environment. The results prove that managing services based on peer-to-peer routing and information dissemination structure is feasible and offers significant performance benefits as regards to overall system reliability, scalability, and self-management.     

An Interoperable Grid Information System for Integrated Resource Monitoring Based on Virtual Organizations

In many Grid infrastructures different kinds of information services are in use, which utilize different incompatible data structures and interfaces to encode and provide their data. Homogeneous monitoring of these infrastructures with the monitoring data being accessible everywhere independently of the middleware which provided it, is the basis for a consistent status reporting on the Grids’ resources and services. Thus, interoperability or interoperation between the different information services in a heterogeneous Grid infrastructure is required. Monitoring data must contain the identity of the affected Virtual Organization (VO) so that it can be related to the resources and services the VO has allocated to enable VO-specific information provision. This paper describes a distributed architecture for an interoperable information service, which combines data unification and categorization with policies for VO membership, VO resource management and data transformations. This service builds the basis for an integrated and interoperating monitoring of Grids, which provide their data to more than one VO and utilize heterogeneous information services.     

基于Web服务实现异构系统在信息门户中的集成

企业异构应用系统的集成问题,时常困扰着软件开发人员。研究了利用Web服务的封装性和松耦合性,将企业异构应用系统统一封装为Web服务,并提供标准的服务调用接口,然后通过门户Web部件将应用集成到信息门户的系统集成方法,为实现企业异构应用系统的集成,提供了一个切实可行的解决方案。     

基于XML与Web服务的多源气田信息整合

气田信息整合的主要目标是实现自治、分布、异构数据源的自动数据交换，并为用户提供统一的全局数据视图。Web服务作为一种面向服务的分布式计算技术，提供了一种建立基于Web的复杂松耦合分布式系统框架。讨论了Web服务应用于信息整合的基本模式，提出了基于Web服务的气田信息整合体系结构和基于元数据的气田信息整合方法。系统采用XML作为数据表示和交换的标准，具有较强的灵活性和可维护性。     

Web Services在车载信息服务系统中的应用

针对目前车载信息服务系统建设实施过程中遇到的系统信息结构复杂、异构系统类型繁多、信息内容交互困难等问题,结合Web服 务技术面向服务的体系结构,给出了一种基于Web Services技术的信息集成架构,解决了车载信息服务信息实现信息交互的难题。     

基于SOA的高校人力资源与关系管理平台

针对高校人力资源服务和管理信息化的需求,采用面向服务体系结构(SOA),建设面向学校全局的人力资源和关系信息管理平台。实验结果证明,该平台能较好地实现异构系统的信息集成、共享,为人力资源对象提供个性化服务,并进一步提升学校业务部门的服务水平和信息系统的技术水平。     

基于异质信息网络的推荐系统研究综述

推荐系统旨在为用户提供个性化匹配服务,从而有效缓解大数据时代的信息过载问题,并且改善用户体验,增加用户粘性,极大地促进了电子商务等领域的发展。然而,在实际应用场景中,由于数据稀疏和冷启动问题的存在,推荐系统往往难以得到精准的推荐结果;而复杂的模型设计也导致推荐系统的可解释性不尽如人意。因此,如何充分利用交互、属性、以及各种辅助信息提升推荐的性能和可解释性是推荐系统的核心问题。另一方面,异质信息网络作为一种全面地建模复杂系统中丰富的结构和语义信息的方法,在融合多源信息、捕捉结构语义等方面具有显著优势,已经被成功应用于相似性度量、节点聚类、链接预测、排序等各种数据挖掘任务中。近年来,采用异质信息网络统一建模推荐系统中不同类型对象的复杂交互行为、丰富的用户和商品属性以及各种各样的辅助信息,不仅有效地缓解了推荐系统的数据稀疏和冷启动问题,而且具有较好的可解释性,并因此得到了广泛关注与应用。本文旨在对基于异质信息网络的推荐系统进行全面地综述,首次系统地梳理现有工作,弥补该领域缺乏综述的空白。具体而言,本文首先介绍了异质信息网络和推荐系统的核心概念和背景知识,简要回顾了异质信息网络和推荐系统的研究现状,并且阐述了将推荐系统建模为异质信息网络的一般步骤。然后,本文根据模型原理的不同将现有方法分为三类,分别是基于相似性度量的方法、基于矩阵分解的方法和基于图表示学习的方法,并对每类方法的代表性工作进行了全面的介绍,指出了每类方法的优缺点和不同方法之间的发展脉络与内在关系。最后,本文讨论了现有方法存在的问题,并展望了该领域未来的几个潜在的研究方向。     

基于Web Services的关系型数据服务动态发布方法

为提高数据共享效率,针对关系型数据提出一种基于Web Services的服务动态发布方法并抽象出CBC服务动态发布模型。该方法通过图形化界面选择数据库,构造查询约束信息,利用CBC服务动态发布模型将所构造的约束信息转化为系统所能识别的查询语句并发布为服务。用户通过服务查询器、验证器来查询验证服务的有效性,对满足需求的服务以Web Services的形式实现跨单位和跨数据库的集成调用。实验结果表明该方法可以有效地提高数据共享效率,且有利于异构系统之间的数据交换。     

Reaching consensus: A moderated fuzzy web services discovery method

Web services are used for developing and integrating highly distributed and heterogeneous systems in different domains such as e-business, grid services, and e-government systems. Web services discovery is a key to dynamically locating desired web services across the Internet. Prevailing research trend is to dynamically discover and compose web services in order to develop composite services that provide enhanced functionality. Existing discovery techniques do not take into account the diverse preferences and expectations of service consumers and providers which are generally used for searching or advertising web services. This paper presents a moderated fuzzy web service discovery approach to model subjective and fuzzy opinions, and to assist service consumers and providers in reaching a consensus. The method achieves a common consensus on the distinct opinions and expectations of service consumers and providers. This process is iterative such that further fuzzy opinions and preferences can be added to improve the precision of web service discovery. The proposed method is implemented as a prototype system and is tested through various experiments. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

An incident information management framework based on data integration, data mining, and multi-criteria decision making

An effective incident information management system needs to deal with several challenges. It must support heterogeneous distributed incident data, allow decision makers (DMs) to detect anomalies and extract useful knowledge, assist DMs in evaluating the risks and selecting an appropriate alternative during an incident, and provide differentiated services to satisfy the requirements of different incident management phases. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an incident information management framework that consists of three major components. The first component is a high-level data integration module in which heterogeneous data sources are integrated and presented in a uniform format. The second component is a data mining module that uses data mining methods to identify useful patterns and presents a process to provide differentiated services for pre-incident and post-incident information management. The third component is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) module that utilizes MCDM methods to assess the current situation, find the satisfactory solutions, and take appropriate responses in a timely manner. To validate the proposed framework, this paper conducts a case study on agrometeorological disasters that occurred in China between 1997 and 2001. The case study demonstrates that the combination of data mining and MCDM methods can provide objective and comprehensive assessments of incident risks.     

Internet网络管理信息搜索平台

传统网络管理基本上是面向单个管理域进行的,不同管理域之间缺乏信息交互和共享,限制了大量新的网络管理功能的实施。该文提出了一个基于Web Service和P2P技术的网管信息搜索平台的模型,旨在为各个网管系统提供信息共享和搜索的平台。此模型能够有效互连各个封闭的系统,整合异构的信息,在拥有良好的可扩展性同时又保持了良好的性能。