Effect of MSWI fly ash and incineration residues on cement performances

The activities of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and incineration residues were studied contrastively, through the component analysis and the activity ratio tests. The mechanical properties, hydration mechanism and leaching toxicity of the hardened cement paste mixing with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the active constituents (CaO+Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃) in MSWI fly ash were higher than those in incineration residues. Therefore the activity ratio of MSWI fly ash was 43.58%, twice as much as that of incineration residues. Meanwhile, the hydration of cement was delayed by mixing with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues, which also reduced the cement strength markedly. By adding with exceeding 20% MSWI fly ash, the specimens expanded and microcracks appeared. The leaching toxicities of cement pasted mixed with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues were lower than the Chinese national standard. Accordingly the cement mixed by MSWI fly ash and incineration residues can be considered as the environment-friendly materials.     

Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in lightweight aggregates

Washing pre-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash blended with shale and sludge was utilized in the manufacture of light-weight aggregates and processed to form ceramic pellets. A formula uniform design was performed to arrange the mixture ratio of the materials. The optimal mixture ratio of the materials was determined by measuring the bulk density, granule strength, and 1 h water absorption of the pellets. It is shown that the optimal mixture ratios of materials, MSWI fly ash, shale, and sludge, are 23.16%, 62.58%, and 14.25% (mass fraction), respectively. The performance testing indicators of light-weight aggregates are obtained under the optimum mixture ratio: bulk density of 613 kg/m³, granule strength of 821N, and 1 h water absorption of 11.6%, meeting 700 grade light-aggregate of GB/T 17431.2—1998 standard. The results suggest that utilization of MSWI fly ash in light-weight aggregates is an effective method and a potential means to create much more values.     

焚烧飞灰熔融特性与熔渣利用技术研究进展

垃圾焚烧飞灰中含有高浸出浓度的Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn等重金属,属于危险废物。高温熔融技术可以有效地控制焚烧飞灰中的重金属污染物。从飞灰无害化和资源化2个角度介绍了熔融技术的研究进展,分析了熔融技术的优缺点,在综述国内外研究成果的基础上,为今后焚烧飞灰的热处理技术提出了研究方向。     

Effect of MSWI Fly Ash and Incineration Residues on Cement Performances

The activities of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and incineration residues were studied contrastively, through the component analysis and the activity ratio tests. The mechanical properties, hydration mechanism and leaching toxicity of the hardened cement paste mixing with MSWI fly ash and incineration residues were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the active constituents (CaO+Al2O3+Fe2O3) in MSWI fly ash were higher than those in incineration residues. Therefore the ...     

The Cement Solidification of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

The chemical composition, the content and the leachability of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration （ MSWI） fly ash were tested and analyzed. It is shown that the leachability of Pb and Cr exceeds the leaching toxicity standard, and so the MSWI fly ash is considered as hazardous waste and must be solidifled. The effect of solidifying the MSWI fly ash by cement was studied, and it is indicated that the heavy metals can be well immobilized if the mass fraction of the fly ash is appropriate. The heavy metals were immobilized within cement hydration products through either physical fixation, substhtaion, deposition or adsorption mechanisms.     

利用热等离子体熔融垃圾焚烧飞灰

为了评价垃圾焚烧飞灰的热等离子体熔融处理效果, 研究SiO2和CaO对重金属固化效果和重金属毒性浸出特性的影响. 在飞灰中添加一定比例的SiO2和CaO, 配置成不同的配灰样品, 利用纯氩热等离子体在1 400～1 500 ℃下, 对飞灰及配灰进行熔融玻璃化的实验研究, 分别利用X射线能量色散谱仪(EDX)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FSEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和毒性浸出方法(TCLP)分析飞灰和熔渣的化学组成、微观结构、晶相组成和重金属毒性浸出特性. 结果表明, 热等离子体熔融所得熔渣为无定形的玻璃体, 重金属浸出质量浓度均远低于毒性标准. SiO2和CaO的添加都可以改善重金属固化效果, CaO比SiO2对Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb挥发的抑制效果更好. SiO2的添加可以改善熔渣中重金属的浸出特性, 而CaO的作用与之相反.     

粉煤灰廉价吸附剂资源化利用的现状和对策分析

粉煤灰是燃煤电厂排放的固体废弃物,其大量堆积造成环境污染和资源浪费,对粉煤灰的资源化利用近年来引起人们的广泛关注.粉煤灰呈多孔结构,具有良好的吸附性能,可用作处理废水中污染物质的廉价吸附剂.本文对粉煤灰吸附剂在水污染治理中的研究现状进行分析和总结,在此基础上,根据粉煤灰的组成和性质,提出粉煤灰资源化利用的方向为化学处理提高吸附性能和成型造粒以利于其工业化利用.     

沥青路用城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的物化性能

为了探索城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的沥青路用资源化可行性,借鉴沥青路用填料的试验方法测试了飞灰的基本物理性能,采用比表面积和孔径分析仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(STA)等表征方法,分析了飞灰的BET比表面积、孔径与孔容、表观形貌、化学成分、热性能.研究结果表明:与矿粉相比,飞灰密度小、亲水系数大、含水率大、碱性强、烧失量大、体积安定性不良、可溶盐含量高、粒径分布与矿粉类似;BET比表面积大、孔径大、孔容大;表面疏松多孔、物相复杂、活性高;热性能活跃,而在沥青混合料的施工温度范围内,飞灰热稳定性好、热失重小.鉴于飞灰的物化性能,提出飞灰可溶盐对沥青路面水稳定性与强度产生影响,飞灰表面微孔、高的表面能、强碱性、高的含水率等性质对沥青路面高温稳定性与低温抗裂性产生影响,并给出相应的理论改善措施.     

Effect of pozzolanic reaction products on alkali-silica reaction

1 IntroductionThe use of fly ashto control the expansion dueto al-kali-silica reaction (ASR) is well established and a num-ber of reviews have been published recently[1-4]. Howflyash brings about this reductionin expansionis not yet un-derstood although a number of theories have been put for-ward to explain its action. For controlling mechanism,they put more emphasis onthe adsorption andresort of al-kali by supplementary cementing material (SCM) , formore acidity oxide in SCM,and the secon…     

Glass-ceramics made from arc-melting slag of waste incineration fly ash

Grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash mixed with glass cullet additive respectively were melted in the electronic arc-furnace. The product, arc-melting slag, was further treated by crushing, pressing and heat treatment in order to make the glass-ceramics. The crystallization behaviors of the produced glass-ceramics were examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that main crystalline phase of the glass-ceramics from grate fly ash is wollastonite (CaSiO₃) with small amount of diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆), and that from fluidized bed fly ash is diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆). It is found that the glass-ceramics sintered at 850 °C and 1 000 °C from grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash respectively have the optimal physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics. Glass-ceramics samples, produced from incinerator fly ash with desirable properties and the low leaching concentration of heavy metals, can be the substitute of nature materials such as marble, granite and porcelain tiles.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融过程中重金属固化特性

为探索垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属在熔融过程中的迁移特性,采用燃油式表面熔融炉,对杭州某生活垃圾焚烧厂的焚烧飞灰连续进行了6个多月日处理规模为500kg/d的熔融固化中试实验.采用X射线衍射仪、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、X射线荧光光谱仪研究不同工艺参数(温度、添加剂、冷却方式)对飞灰中重金属固化率的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高和添加剂比例的增大,重金属Cu、Zn的固化率显著提高,Pb、Cd和Cr则变化不明显;水冷却方式下,重金属固化率要略大于空气自然冷却.熔融过程中,烟气中常规污染物浓度和二噁英等污染物总毒性浓度均小于标准限值.     

酸性条件下MSWI飞灰中Zn的浸出动力学

通过荧光光谱分析(XRF)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试方法并结合动力学模型理论研究了MSWI(垃圾焚烧)飞灰中典型重金属Zn在pH为4左右时的浸出过程, 并在定温下探讨了该浸出过程的动力学模型.结果表明:该条件下MSWI飞灰中Zn的浸出过程适用于球体内扩散模型;扫描电镜下观测显示, 大部分飞灰颗粒表面发生了不同程度的溶解, 但在整个反应过程中都维持球状或高度类似球状的微观形貌, 有力地支持了微观尺度的球体内扩散模型.重金属Zn的浸出率与时间的关系可描述为1-3(1-X)^2/3+2X=18.25exp(-2 385.25T)/t.实验所得其浸出表观活化能约为19.831 kJ/mol.     

药剂稳定化垃圾焚烧飞灰的工程特性测试研究

对南方某药剂稳定化飞灰填埋场的钻孔试样（5个龄期、3处埋深）开展室内土工特性测试,包括颗粒级配、相对密度、水质量分数、持水量、渗透系数、压缩特性、抗剪强度等. 试验结果表明：稳定化飞灰的平均粒径为0.8~3.1 mm,接近于粗砂或细砾;不均匀系数为4.56~10.33,曲率系数为0.32~0.43,属于级配不良;相对密度为1.68~2.56;水质量分数为16.6%~46.4%,持水量为23.9%~56.7%,具有吸水性能;渗透系数为9.1×10^-5~4.5×10^-3 cm/s,随着上覆应力的增大而减小;压缩系数为1.21~1.93 MPa^-1,具有高压缩性;修正主压缩指数为0.13~0.18;内摩擦角为32.9°~34.2°,黏聚力为14.0~19.5 kPa,后者主要来源于稳定化飞灰的胶结特性;随着龄期的增长,稳定化飞灰的胶结结构逐渐弱化,导致稳定化飞灰的粒径和相对密度减小、持水量增大、渗透系数和抗剪强度降低. 对比分析稳定化飞灰的工程特性与生活垃圾的差异,对稳定化飞灰填埋场的设计、运营和管理提出了相应的工程建议.     

Effects of fly ash/diatomite admixture with variable particle sizes on the mechanical properties and porosity of concrete

Fly ash and diatomite were mixed uniformly and ground within various time scale and fly ash/diatomite admixtures with variable particle sizes were obtained. Effects of particle size distributions of the admixtures on the mechanical properties and porosity of concrete were studied. The relationship between the size distribution of the admixture and the concrete porosity was obtained based on the regression analysis of the data. The results show that compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete at 3 d and 7 d increase with the decrease of the admixture particle size. With regards to the concrete at 14 d, lowering the particle size of fly ash/diatomite admixture leads to the increasing of the compressive and flexural strength of the concrete, before decreasing afterwards again. At the d50 value of 15.2 μm, the mechanical properties of concrete were greatly improved. In addition, finer particle of the fly ash/diatomite admixture leads to significant micro-aggregate effect and volcanic ash effect and thus obtains denser pore structure, smaller porosity and higher hydration degree of the cementitious material. Especially for the samples curing at the early stage, the improving effect on the pore structure was obvious.     

配料对焚烧飞灰电弧炉熔渣晶化行为的影响

将垃圾焚烧飞灰电弧炉熔融处理后的液态熔渣直接浇铸成型后热处理,运用同步热分析仪、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜等方法,研究废玻璃和晶核剂(TiO2和Cr2O3)等辅助原料的添加对微晶玻璃晶化行为及性能影响.研究表明,适量掺加废玻璃对微晶玻璃理化性能有显著改善,晶核剂类型及添加比对微晶玻璃主晶相和晶化程度影响较大,微晶玻璃的理想原料配比为m(废玻璃)∶m(垃圾焚烧飞灰)=1∶1,晶核剂TiO2添加质量分数为3%,制成的微晶玻璃主晶相为透辉石Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6和少量普通辉石Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)2O6,抗弯强度54.96 MPa,主要理化性能达到或优于天然花岗岩和大理石,重金属浸出浓度低于国际建材环保要求限值.     

Effect of water washing pre-treatment on the properties of glass-ceramics from incinerator fly ash using electronic arc furnace

Production of glass-ceramics by sintering the molten slag obtained from electric arc furnace treatment of fly ash was investigated. The effect of washing pretreatment prior to melting the fly ash on the microstructure and properties of the glass-ceramics was examined. The results show that washing pretreatment of fly ash can decrease alkali metal chloride and increase network former in fly ash, which results in the increase of peak crystallization temperature of parent glass and strengthening of properties of bending strength and chemical stability of the glass-ceramics. The optimal heat treatment temperature for parent glass of washed fly ash is 1 173 K, at which the crystalline phase of glass-ceramics is composed of gelignite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7). Glass-ceramics produced at optimal heat treatment temperature are excellent in term of the physical and chemical properties and leaching characteristics, indicating attractive potential as substitute of nature materials.     

Solidification/Adsorption of Heavy Metals by FA/FA-MSWI based Al-Substituted Tobermorite

Fly ash(FA) was utilized to hydrothermally synthesize FA based Al-substituted tobermorites, and was combined with raw materials of FA and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash(MSWI) to hydrothermally synthesize FA-MSWI based Al-substituted tobermorites. Then optimum samples named FA-T and FM-T were selected, correspondingly. Their intrinsic properties as well as their solidification/stabilization and adsorption of heavy metals were studied. The experimental results showed that the specific surface area of FA-T and FM-T was 28.259 m~2/g and 45.939 m~2/g, respectively. Their pore size distribution, particle size distribution, and median particle size were approximately the same. FA-T and FM-T both had great potential of solidification/stabilization heavy metal to dispose hazardous solid waste. Further, FA-T and FM-T also showed good adsorption efficiency for heavy metals Pb~(2+) and Cu~(2+) as adsorbent to treat waste water.     

差异含水率条件下飞灰及其螯合物的应力应变及环境特性

垃圾焚烧飞灰因极高的重金属含量而被认为是一种危险废弃物,但与火山灰成分的相似使该材料有着资源化利用的潜在价值。以飞灰及其螯合物为研究对象,探讨了含水率、养护条件等因素对材料应力应变及环境特性的影响。研究结果表明：飞灰螯合物重金属浸出浓度较低,并有着较强的吸水特性;飞灰及其螯合物强度早期随着养护时间的增长呈上升趋势,破坏应变随之减小,脆性不断增大;材料强度在中后期出现明显分化,飞灰（90%湿度养护）强度约为螯合飞灰的23.11倍。飞灰强度随含水率的增大而减小,可归结于孔隙水对压实能量的吸收和结构的影响;螯合飞灰强度均随养护时间和含水率增加而显著增大。     

混合材对MSWI制CSA水泥性能的影响

以城市垃圾焚烧飞灰（MSWI）为主要原料,在实验室成功烧制了硫铝酸钙（CSA）水泥熟料.研究了单掺或复掺不同种类、不同掺量的混合材后,CSA水泥的力学性能和水化性能.结果表明：石灰石粉（LI）/矿渣粉（SL）在CSA水泥中较为适用,而粉煤灰（FA）/MSWI的活性较差;单掺4种混合材均对CSA水泥早期强度产生不利影响;单掺LI/SL对后期强度发展有益;复掺混合材较单掺效果好,尤其是试样10％LI＋10％SL、10％LI＋10％MSWI和5％LI＋15 ％SL.     

MSWI fly ash based novel solidification/stabilization matrices for heavy metals

The possibilities of MSWI fly ash as a major constituent of novel solidification/stabilization matrices for secure landfill were investigated by mixing MSWI fly ash with rich aluminum components, which was added as bauxite cement or metakaolinite instead, to form Friedel and Ettringite phases with high fixing capacities for heavy metals. The physical properties, heavy metals-fixing capacity, mineral phases and its vibration bands in the novel matrices were characterized by compressive strength, TCLP（toxic characteristic leaching procedure）, XRD （x-ray diffraction） , DTG （derivative thermogravimetry）, and FTIR （fourier transform infrared spectroscopy）, respectively. The Tessier＇s five-step sequential extraction procedure was used to analyze the fractions of chemical speciation for Pb, Cd and Zn ions. The experimental results indicate that Friedel-Ettringite based novel solidification/stabilization matrices can incorporate Pb, Cd and Zn ions effectively by physical encapsulation and chemical fixation, and it exhibits a great potential in co-landfill treatment of MSWI fly ash with some heavy metals-bearing hazardous wastes.