Synthesis of mesoporous carbon as electrode material for supercapacitor by modified template method

The pore structures and electrochemical performances of mesoporous carbons prepared by silica sol template method as electrode material for supercapacitor were investigated. The mean pore size and mass specific capacitance of the mesoporous carbons increase with the increase of mass ratio of silica sol to carbon source （glucose）. A modified template method, combining silica sol template method and ZnCl2 chemical activation method, was proposed to improve the mass specific capacitance of the mesoporous carbon with an improved BET surface area. The correlation of rate capability and pore structure was studied by constant current discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A commercially available microporous carbon was used for comparison. The result shows that mesoporous carbon with a larger pore size displays a higher rate capability. Mesoporous carbon synthesized by modified template method has both high mass specific capacitance and good rate capability.     

Development of supercapacitors based on carbon nanotubes

Block-type electrodes made of carbon nanotubes were fabricated by different processes. The volumetric specific capacitance based on such electrodes reached 107 F/cm3, which proves carbon nanotubes to be ideal candidate materials for supercapacitors. The composite electrodes consisting of carbon nanotubes and RuO2 ·xH2O were developed by the deposition of RuO2 on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Supercapacitors based on the composite electrodes show much higher specific capacitance than those based on pure carbon nanotube ones. A specific capacitance of 600 F/g can be achieved when the weight percent of RuO2· xH2O in the composite electrodes reaches 75% . In addition , supercapacitors based on the composite electrodes show both high energy density and high power density characteristics.     

氧化钴/有序中孔炭超级电容器复合材料的制备及其性能

采用微湿含浸-溶剂热法制备了高比表面积和高比电容的氧化钴/有序中孔炭超级电容器复合材料.采用液氮吸附脱附等温线和X线衍射,以及透射电镜表征了复合材料的孔结构,在6 mol/L 氢氧化钾电解液中测试了其电化学性能.测试结果表明:在5 mV/s充放电扫描速率下,复合材料的比电容达到1079.6 F/g,并且具有良好的循环寿命,显示了优异的电化学性能.     

Ordered mesoporous carbon/SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> composites as the electrode material for supercapacitors

A series of composites as electrode materials for supercapacitors were prepared via incipient wetness impregnation method utilizing ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) and tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) with different ratio.The structure and electrochemical properties of the OMC/SnO2 composites were characterized by XRD,TEM and cyclic voltammetry (CV).Pore characteristics were measured by nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms.The results show that the structure and electrochemical properties of the composites dep...     

PP/POE共混材料的流变行为

利用RH2000毛细管流变仪研究了聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)共混体系的流变性能,讨论了温度、剪切速率及POE用量对共混体系流变性能的影响。结果表明,共混物熔体表现为假塑性流体行为。温度的升高使共混物的黏度略有下降,剪切速率的增大使共混物的表观黏度明显降低。POE含量的增加使共混物熔体的表观黏度增大。在POE用量一定的条件下,随着剪切速率的增大,共混物的黏流活化能则表现出逐渐减小,PP与POE之间存在一定相容性。     

Electrochemical Intercalation of Lithium into Raw and Mild Oxide-treated Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by CVD

The raw carbon nanotubes ( CNTs ) prepared by chemical vapor deposition ( CVD ) were used in electrochemical lithiation. To remove the impurity the mild oxidation was done on the samples. The electrochemical characteristics of the two samples are investigated by the galvanostatic charge-dischorge measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The structural and interfacial changes of the CNTs electrode were analyzed by XRD and FTIR. The samples show a reversibility of lithium intercalation and de-intercalation. The reversible capacities of the first five cycles are larger than 300 mAh/ g and the irreversible capacity of the first cycle was much larger than that mentioned in literatures. There is no identical change in the structure during the charge and discharge. The reactions at the interface between electrode and the electrolyte are similar to those of other carbonaceous materials.     

Preparation and electrochemical characterization of C/PANI composite electrode materials

1 INTRODUCTIONRecently , surpercapacitor has attracted greatattention for its unique power performance[1 ,2],while electrode materials ,as one key factor to de-termine the performance of supercapacitor , nowbecome the focus of many researches . The super-capacitor materials can be categorized into threetypes :carbon electrode materials[3], metal oxide e-lectrode materials[4]and conductive polymer elec-trode materials[5].Conductive polymer electrode materials havehigher capacitance than tha…     

乙烯-乙烯醇与聚丙烯共混物的形态及性能

以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为增容剂,共混聚丙烯(PP)与乙烯-乙烯醇(EVOH)制备可润湿性PP.用扫描电镜(SEM)、动态粘弹谱仪(DMA)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析了EVOH/PP共混物的形态结构、力学性能和热性能.用接触角测定仪表征了共混物的可润湿性.SEM结果表明共混物呈明显两相结构,EVOH...     

毛柄金钱菌碳材料修饰电极测定过氧化氢

以毛柄金钱菌为碳前驱体制备了一种生物质多孔碳材料(BPC), 并将其修饰到玻碳电极(GCE)表面,以此构筑了一种电化学传感器(BPC/GCE).采用扫描电镜(SEM)、 X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 拉曼(Raman)光谱和氮气吸附 - 脱附测试对BPC的形貌和结构进行了表征.运用循环伏安法(CV)、 交流阻抗法(EIS)及电流 - 时间曲线研究了过氧化氢(H₂O₂)在该传感器上的电化学行为.结果显示,基于BPC/GCE电极的H₂O₂传感器在15～300 μmol/L范围内, H₂O₂的浓度与传感器信号呈线性关系,检出限为 7.5 μmol/L,且抗干扰能力强.利用所制备的H₂O₂传感器检测人尿中的H₂O₂显示,其加标回收率为95.9%～101.2%,相对标准偏差为2.8%～8.7%,因此该方法可用于人体液中H₂O₂的检测.     

Influence of polyethylene glycol on pore structure and electric double-layer capacitance of carbon xerogel

Mesoporous polyethylene glycol-resorcinol and formaldehyde(PEG-RF) carbon xerogels were prepared by a new polymer blend method in which PEG-RF mixed organic xerogels were synthesized by blending thermally unstable polyethylene glycol with organic monomers, resorcinol and formaldehyde and then subjected to pyrolization at 1 000℃. The influences of mass ratio of PEG to the theoretical yield of RF xerogel, m(PEG)/m(RF) and the relative molecular mass of PEG on the pore structure and electric double layer capacitance(EDLC) performance of PEG-RF carbon xerogels were investigated. The results show that PEG under different conditions leads to the difference of phase separation structure of the polymer blend and thus the change of pore structure of PEG-RF carbon xerogels. Specific surface area and capacity of PEG-RF carbon xerogels in 300/60 H2SO4 solution can reach 755 m^2/g and 150 F/g, respectively. Their surface can be fully utilized to form electric double layer. However, the pore structure differences of PEG-RF carbon xerogels result in their different EDLC performances. The distributed capacitance effect increases with decreasing the pore size of PEG-RF carbon xerogels.     

Pseudo-capacitance of ruthenium oxide/carbon black composites for electrochemical capacitors

Hydrous ruthenium oxide was formed by a new process. The precursor was obtained by mixing the aqueous solutions of RuCl3·xH2O and NaHCO3. The addition of NaHCO3 led to the formation of an oxide with extremely fine RuO2 particles forming a porous network structure in the oxide electrode. Polyethylene glycol was added as a controller to partly inhibit the sol-gel reaction. The rate capacitance of 530 F·g-1 was measured for the powder formed at an optimal annealing temperature of 210°C. Several details concern...     

Preparation of activated carbons from mesophase pitch and their electrochemical properties

The influences of molar ratio of KOH to C and activated temperature on the pore structure and electrochemical property of porous activated carbon from mesophase pitch activated by KOH were investigated. The surface areas and the pore structures of activated carbons were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption, and the electrochemical properties of the activated carbons were studied using two-electrode capacitors in organic electrolyte. The results indicate that the maximum surface area of 3 190 m2/g is obtained at molar ratio of KOH to C of 5:1, the maximum specific capacitance of 122 F/g is attained at molar ratio of KOH to C of 4:1, and 800 ℃ is the proper temperature to obtain the maximum surface area and capacitance.     

Performance of a combined capacitor based on ultrafine nickel oxide／carbon nanotubes composite electrodes

A new sol-gel process for the preparation of ultrafine nickel hydroxide electrode materials was developed. The composite electrodes consisting of carbon nanotubes and Ni(OH)2 were developed by mixing the hydroxide and carbon nanotubes together in different mass ratios. In order to enhance energy density, a combined type pseudocapacitor/electric double layer capacitor was considered and its electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and dc charge/discharge test. The combined capacitor shows excellent capacitor behavior with an operating voltage up to 1.6 V in KOH aqueous electrolyte. Stable charge/discharge behaviors were observed with much higher specific capacitance values of 24 F/g compared with that of EDLC (12 F/g) by introducing 60% Ni(OH)2 in the anode material. By using the modified anode of a Ni(OH)E/Carbon nanotubes composite electrode, the specific capacitance of the cell was less sensitive to discharge current density compared with that of the capacitor employing pure nickel hydroxide as anode. The combined capacitor in this study exhibits high energy density and stable power characteristics.     

聚合物/碳纳米管导电复合材料研究进展

在聚合物基体中加入碳纳米管可以制备综合性能优异的导电聚合物复合材料,而具有取向结构的聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料在光、电、磁、生物功能材料中具有潜在的应用前景.基于碳纳米管的电学性质,综述了聚合物/碳纳米管导电复合材料的三种制备方法(熔融共混法、溶液共混法和原位聚合法)以及国内外研究进展,着重介绍了具有取向结构的聚合物/碳纳米管导电复合体系的制备方法,包括模板组装、力场排列、电场排列以及磁场排列等,并分析比较了各种方法的基本原理和特点.最后对聚合物/碳纳米管导电复合材料的应用情况及研究前景进行了初步的探讨.     

Optimal electrochemical performances of CO2 activated carbon aerogels for supercapacitors

Activated carbon aerogels（ACAs） derived from sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol （R） and formaldehyde （F） were pyrolyzed under Ar flow and activated in CO2 atmosphere. The morphology of ACAs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and the structural properties were determined by N2 adsorption at 77 K. The results show that ACAs have a typical three-dimensional nanonetwork structure composing of cross-linking of carbon nanoparticles. The specific surface area and the total pore volume remarkably increase with increasing activation time while the previous porous structure still remains. The specific capacitance of the 950-10-ACA electrode can reach up to 212.3 F/g in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte. The results of constant-current charge-discharge testing indicate that the ACAs electrodes present fast charge- discharge rate and long cycle life （about 98% capacitance retained after 3000 charge-discharge cycles at 1.25 mA/cm2）. Lower internal resistances can be achieved for 950-10-ACA electrode in KOH electrolyte. Our investigations are very important to improve the wettability and electrochemical performance of electrode for supercapacitors.     

Performance of a 60 F carbon nanotubes-based supercapacitor for hybrid power sources

A supercapacitor based on charge storage at the interface between a high surface area carbon nanotube electrode and a Li-ClO4/PC electrolyte was assembled. The performance of the capacitor depends on not only the material used in the cell but also the construction of the cell. From a constant charge-discharge test, the capacitance of 60 F was obtained. The performance of the power capacitor for pulse power sources was described. The specific energy (0.8 W·h·kg-1) and the specific power (0.75 kW·kg-1) of the power supercapacitor were demonstrated with a cell of the maximum operating voltage of 2.5 V. A hybrid power source consisting of a lithium ionic battery and the 60 F supercapacitor was demonstrated to power successfully a simulated power load encountered in GSM portable communication equipment. The addition of the supercapacitor to the power train of a cellular phone results in significantly more energy from the battery being used by the load. The experiments indicate that more than 33.8% energy i     

聚苯胺/氮掺杂碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

采用化学氧化聚合法以不同浓度的苯胺单体制备聚苯胺(PANI-1和PANI-2),采用相同方法在氮掺杂碳纳米管(NCNTs)悬浮液中制备聚苯胺/氮掺杂碳纳米管复合材料(PANI/NCNTs-1和PANI/NCNTs-2)。利用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电和电化学交流阻抗技术对合成材料的超级电容器性能进行研究分析。在0.2 A/g电流密度下进行恒电流充放电, PANI/NCNTs-1和PANI/NCNTs-2复合材料可以获得较高的比电容。同时, PANI/NCNTs复合材料也具有优异的倍率性能和充放电稳定性,这都表明该复合材料在电化学储能器件领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Optimizing pyrolysis of resin carbon for anode of lithium ion batteries

1INTRODUCTION Lithiumionbatterieshaveattractedworldwide attentionandbeendevelopedrapidlyduetotheirhighenergydensity,goodcharge dischargeper formancesandlongcyclelife[14].Theseoutstand ingpropertiesresultfromtheuseofcarbonmateri alsasanodeinsteadoflithiummetal.However,thespecificcapacityofcarbonmaterialsisfar smallerthanthatoflithiummetal(3670mA·h/g).Muchefforthasbeenfocusedonimprovingca pacityofcarbonanodesduringthepastfew years[57].Recentworkindicatedthatdisorderedcar bons,obtainedbypy…     

超级电容器PANI/MnO2 复合材料电极的制备及性能研究

通过回收废旧三元锂电池正极材料中的Mn 制备超级电容器PANI/MnO₂ 复合电极材料, 实现废旧材料的资源化, 符合绿色化学的发展要求。主要探索了两种不同氧化剂(KMnO₄ 和APS) 对PANI/MnO₂ 复合材料形貌和电化学性能的影响, 由实验结果可知, 在KMnO₄ 氧化条件下制备的具有空隙的针棒状复合材料PANI/MnO₂ -1 的电化学性能明显略优。PANI/MnO₂ -1 作为电极时的比电容可达2 183 F/g, 充放电100 圈后比电容仍具有初始值的60.81%, 循环稳定性较好, 是一种性质优良的超级电容器电极材料。结果表明实验设计的废旧三元锂电池回收再利用方法切实可行, 为超级电容器PANI/MnO₂ 复合材料电极的制备提供了新的研究思路。     

热压成型制备玉米芯基生态炭

以来源丰富、价格低廉的玉米芯为原料,通过炭化和活化（水蒸气为活化剂）制备生态炭。为提高生态炭的收率,炭化前采用热压成型的方法对玉米芯原料进行预处理。通过对成型温度、成型压力、成型时间等工艺参数的研究,得出较佳热压成型条件：成型温度为275~300℃,成型压力为5~15 MPa,成型时间为10 min。研究结果表明,成型工艺参数对总炭化收率的影响程度由大到小依次为：成型温度〉成型压力≈成型时间;热压成型使玉米芯的炭化收率由成型前的18.52%（质量分数）提高到成型后的25.58%;热压成型对生态炭的比表面积影响较小,所制生态炭比表面积为982 m2/g,以微孔为主,微孔率高达97.31%。