Comparative study on antiproliferation properties and cellular antioxidant activities of commonly consumed food legumes against nine human cancer cell lines

The aims of this work were to compare health promoting effects of commonly consumed food legumes in terms of cancer cell proliferation inhibitory effects and cellular antioxidant activities (CAA). The CAA was evaluated by fluorescence microplate reader based on in vitro animal cell cultivation. Antiproliferative properties were assayed by MTT method using in vitro cell culture system. Phytochemicals (including total phenolic, procyanidin, saponin and phytic acid) and chemical antioxidant activities (including DPPH free radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbing capacity, peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PRSC)) were also determined for comparison purposes. The results showed that different types of legumes possessed considerable variations in their phytochemicals, as well as chemical and cellular antioxidant activities. Adzuki bean exhibited the strongest antiproliferative properties in a dose-dependent manner against all digestive system cancer cell lines (CAL27, AGS, HepG2, SW480 and Caco-2), ovary cancer cell SK-OV-3 and breast cancer cell MCF-7 among all legumes tested. Black soybean exhibited the highest saponin, phytic acid content, PRSC values, and the strongest CAA values. These results indicate that commonly consumed food legumes may serve as an excellent dietary source of natural antioxidants for health promotion and cancer prevention.     

豆类种子及其芽苗菜的营养品质、功能性成分及抗氧化性研究

为阐明萌发对黑大豆(Glycine max)、红小豆(Vigna angularis)和豌豆(Pisum sativum L)的影响,研究了其种子及萌发后形成芽苗菜的生长特性(总质量、可食部分鲜重、可食率、苗长、含水量)、营养品质(粗蛋白和可溶性糖含量)、功能性成分(总酚、总黄酮含量)和抗氧化性(DPPH自由基清除力、ABTS自由基清除力、FRAP亚铁还原力)。结果表明,3个豆类种子中,黑大豆的营养品质、酚类含量和抗氧化性显著高于红小豆和豌豆。3个豆类芽苗菜以豌豆苗的总质量(12.83 g/10株)、苗长(16.02 cm)和含水量(93.82%)最高;黑大豆芽苗菜的可食部分鲜重(5.87 g/10株)和可食率(71.03%)最高;豌豆苗的可溶性糖含量(0.75 mg/g)、总黄酮含量(7.09 mg/g DW)最高;黑大豆芽苗菜的总酚含量(4.28 mg/g DW)最高、ABTS自由基清除力(110.39μmol/g DW)和FRAP亚铁还原力(75.52 mmol/g DW)最强。萌发显著降低了3个豆类的可溶性糖含量,提高了粗蛋白含量;黑大豆萌发以后酚类含量和抗氧化性显著降低,而红小豆和豌豆萌发后显著提高了其酚类含量和抗氧化性。此外,酚类含量与抗氧化性之间存在着显著的正相关性。因此,黑大豆种子、红小豆芽苗菜和豌豆芽苗菜具有较高的营养价值,含有丰富的酚类物质和抗氧化性。     

Synergistic effects of phenolics and carotenoids on human low-density lipoprotein oxidation

Low-density lipoprotein oxidation is believed to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and therefore a high resistance of LDL against oxidation may prevent atherogenesis and accompanying disorders. Several secondary plant metabolites have been tested for their ability to prevent oxidation of LDL and many phenolics as well as carotenoids have been shown to enhance LDL oxidation resistance. We showed that the quercetingylcoside rutin is able to inhibit copper-induced formation of conjugated dienes and loss of tryptophan fluorescence in LDL. However, enrichment of LDL with the carotenoids lutein or lycopene did not result in an alleviation of LDL oxidation. Since there is an agreement that not one antioxidant alone can lead to health benefits but the combination, as found for example in fruits and vegetables, is the active principle, we tested whether the combination of a phenolic compound (i. e. rutin) and carotenoids (i.e. lutein or lycopene) leads to synergistic effects. Both combinations were shown to exert supra-additive protection of LDL towards oxidation, which is most likely due to different allocation of the antioxidants in the LDL-particle and to different mechanisms of antioxidant action.     

Protective effect against oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein and plasmid DNA strand scission of Tamarind seed coat extract in vitro

Methanolic extract from seed coat of Thai Tamarindus indica L. containing polyphenol; procyanidins, (−)-epicatechin was studied in vitro for protective effect against Cu²⁺-induced human low-density lipoprotein (hLDL) oxidation and oxidative damage of plasmid DNA induced by Fenton reactant. LDL oxidation was monitored by formation of conjugated dienes, fluorescent products, protein carbonylation and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Supercoiled DNA strand scission was evaluated by gel electrophoresis. The extract inhibited formation of all four products of oxidized LDL in a dose-dependent manner over 25-1000 ng/ml extracts. Furthermore, 1 mg/ml extract also protected supercoiled DNA strand in plasmid pBR322 against scission induced by Fenton-mediated hydroxyl radical similar to that found with reference antioxidant, 0.5 μg/ml Trolox. Thus, seed coat extract from Thai Tamarind shows antioxidant effects against in vitro Cu²⁺-mediated LDL oxidation and hydroxyl radical-induced supercoiled DNA damage. These results suggest that seed coat extract from Thai Tamarind may be useful for preventing LDL oxidation and DNA damage.     

A comparative study on phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of legumes as affected by extraction solvents

ABSTRACT:  The objective of this study was to investigate how 6 commonly used solvent systems affected the yields of phenolic substances and the antioxidant capacity of extracts from 8 major classes of food legumes. Several antioxidant-related phytochemical compositions, namely, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and condensed tannins content (CTC), were investigated. In addition, antioxidant activities were tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The results showed that the 50% acetone extracts exhibited the highest TPC for yellow pea, green pea, chickpea, and yellow soybean. Acidic 70% acetone (+0.5% acetic acid) extracts exhibited the highest TPC, TFC, and FRAP values for black bean, lentil, black soybean, and red kidney bean. The 80% acetone extracts exhibited the highest TFC, CTC, and DPPH-free radical scavenging activity for yellow pea, green pea, chickpea, and yellow soybean. The 70% ethanol extracts exhibited the greatest ORAC value for all selected legumes. These results indicated that solvents with different polarity had significant effects on total phenolic contents, extracted components, and antioxidant activities. High correlations between phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of legume extracts were observed. The information is of interest to the nutraceutical food/ingredient industries since legumes are a rich source of antioxidants.     

Effect of soaking,boiling, and steaming on total phenolic contentand antioxidant activities of cool season food legumes

The effects of soaking, boiling and steaming processes on the total phenolic components and antioxidant activity in commonly consumed cool season food legumes (CSFL’s), including green pea, yellow pea, chickpea and lentil were investigated. As compared to original unprocessed legumes, all processing steps caused significant (p < 0.05) decreases in total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) in all tested CSFL’s. All soaking and atmospheric boiling treatments caused significant (p < 0.05) decreases in oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC). However, pressure boiling and pressure steaming caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in ORAC values. Steaming treatments resulted in a greater retention of TPC, DPPH, and ORAC values in all tested CSFL’s as compared to boiling treatments. To obtain cooked legumes with similar palatability and firmness, pressure boiling shortened processing time as compared to atmospheric boiling, resulted in insignificant differences in TPC, DPPH for green and yellow pea. However, TPC and DPPH in cooked lentils differed significantly between atmospheric and pressure boiling. As compared to atmospheric processes, pressure processes significantly increased ORAC values in both boiled and steamed CSFL’s. Greater TPC, DPPH and ORAC values were detected in boiling water than that in soaking and steaming water. Boiling also caused more solid loss than steaming. Steam processing exhibited several advantages in retaining the integrity of the legume appearance and texture of the cooked product, shortening process time, and greater retention of antioxidant components and activities.     

辣椒及辣椒食品中可溶性多糖抗氧化活性研究

研究辣椒及辣椒食品中的可溶性多糖及其抗氧化活性,用硫酸-苯酚法测定了辣椒及辣椒食品中可溶性多糖含量,并测定了多糖提取物对羟基自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)、二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH.)的清除能力。结果表明,干辣椒可溶性多糖含量较高,为2.06g/100g,制成辣椒食品后,可溶性多糖含量有所损失;辣椒及辣椒食品的可溶性多糖提取物对.OH,O2-.和DPPH.均有一定的清除能力,而且各个样品的可溶性多糖含量与自由基清除能力间呈正相关关系。     

微波加热对食品中酚类物质的含量及抗氧化活性的影响

酚类物质具有预防疾病和抗氧化等功效,在食品中应用广泛,但是食品烹调手段可能会影响酚类物质的组成和特性,微波加热是新兴的食品烹调加工方法,本文对微波引起食品中酚类物质和食品抗氧化活性的影响进行了综述,展望了酚类提取物的应用情况。      

苦荞酒酒糟中酚类化合物成分分析及其体外抗氧化活性

目的:探究苦荞酒酒糟中酚类化合物的组成及含量,并研究其抗氧化活性。方法:通过高效液相色谱和液相质谱鉴定苦荞酒酒糟中酚类化合物的组成,并评价苦荞酒酒糟的体外抗氧化活性。结果:苦荞酒酒糟中共鉴定出7种酚类化合物,包括5种黄酮类化合物和2种酚酸类化合物,其中芦丁含量最高为(9.350±0.050) mg/g、其次为槲皮素、异槲皮素、山奈酚-3-o-芸香糖苷及山奈酚。当苦荞酒糟提取液质量浓度为0.5 mg/mL时,对羟自由基、ABTS⁺自由基、DPPH自由基的清除率分别为(73.29±0.09)%,(96.21±0.25)%,(82.55±0.68)%,FRAP值为(2.49±0.09) mmol/L。结论:发酵后的苦荞酒酒糟提取物具有一定的抗氧化活性,在低浓度条件下,对羟自由基和ABTS⁺自由基仍表现出较好的清除效果。     

Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract

Pomegranate is an important source of bioactive compounds and has been used for folk medicine for many centuries. Pomegranate juice has been demonstrated to be high in antioxidant activity and is effective in the prevention of atherosclerosis. In a previous study, we found that pomegranate peel had the highest antioxidant activity among the peel, pulp and seed fractions of 28 kinds of fruits commonly consumed in China as determined by FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay. In this study, we extracted antioxidants from pomegranate peel, using a mixture of ethanol, methanol and acetone, and the antioxidant properties of the extract were further investigated as compared with the pulp extract. The contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, proathocyanidins and ascorbic acid were also measured. The results showed that pomegranate peel extract had markedly higher antioxidant capacity than the pulp extract in scavenging or preventive capacity against superoxide anion, hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals as well as inhibiting CuSO₄-induced LDL oxidation. The contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and proathocyanidins were also higher in peel extract than in pulp extract. The large amount of phenolics contained in peel extract may cause its strong antioxidant ability. We concluded that pomegranate peel extract appeared to have more potential as a health supplement rich in natural antioxidants than the pulp extract and merits further intensive study.     

鞘氨醇胶Ss的降解及抗氧化活性的研究

对鞘氨醇胶Ss进行氧化降解,得到重均分子量为10.3ku的降解产物,利用红外光谱和核磁氢谱对降解产物进行结构表征,并对其抗氧化性进行测试。结果表明,降解处理后鞘氨醇胶Ss的抗氧化性显著提高,氧化降解24h的样品还原力最高,降解产物清除羟自由基的IC50为8.32mg/mL,清除超氧阴离子的IC50为12.13mg/mL。      

抗氧化剂在鱼肉宠物食品中的应用研究

通过对鱼类宠物食品添加抗氧化剂比较试验,利用TBA值和时间的关系,结果显示:特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)在鲨鱼肉宠物食品中具有优良的抗脂肪氧化功能,没食子酸丙酯(PG)因其可溶于水是理想的鱼类宠物食品抗氧化剂,为首选的鱼类抗氧化剂。     

不同烹调方式对植物源食物营养成分及抗氧化活性的影响

植物源食物是人类饮食中至关重要的组成部分,提供人体所必需的多种营养成分,特别是多数植物源食物具有强抗氧化活性,可有效预防人体氧化损伤所引起的衰老和疾病。植物源食物的基本营养成分及抗氧化活性在加热烹调过程中会发生变化。本文旨在综述几种烹调方式对植物源食物营养成分组成和抗氧化活性的影响。     

Contents of phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant activities in skin, pulp, and seeds of miracle fruit

Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum dulificum) has been studied because of its unique taste modifying properties. This study investigated contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities in skin, pulp, and seeds of Miracle Fruit. The free phenolic content in skin was almost 3 times of that in pulp and 4 times of that in seeds. Skin contributed 43.96% of free phenolic compounds with 15.91% of freeze-dried solids due to its high phenolic content. As the trend observed for phenolic content, the free flavonoid content in the skin was tremendously higher than that in the seed and pulp. The skin contributed about 52% of total flavonoid with 15.91% of dried solids. On other hand, the differences in the bound phenolic contents were not so distinct among the 3 components. The free antioxidant activities in skin and pulp were comparable, and were significantly higher than that in seeds. Although the antioxidant activities in seeds was considerably lower than that in skin, 49.45% free antioxidant activity, 76.41% bound antioxidant activity, and 58.56% of total antioxidant activity were contributed by seeds due to about 66% of solid of total solids. In general, the results of antioxidant activities using sequential methods were higher than that using direct method. This study suggests that Miracle Fruit is a good source not only for flavor and color, and also antioxidant activity for functional food applications.     

Comparative study of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in different species of cherries

A new spectrometric method ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric with high precision and rapid analysis was developed to separate 17 phenolic compounds. Different species of cherries, including 10 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars, a tart cherry (P. cerasus L.) rootstock (CAB), and a hybrid rootstock 'Colt' (P. avium × P. pseudocerasus), were analyzed for phenolics contents by this method. The results showed that significant differences were observed among the phenolic compound contents in different cherry species. In 10 sweet cherry cultivars, the contents of neochlorogenic acid and cyanidin-3O-rutinoside were much higher in red-colored fruits (for example, 64.60 and 44.50 mg/100 g fresh weight in Burlat, respectively) than those in bicolored ones. Principal component analysis revealed that cyanidin-3O-rutinoside was an effective index for grouping the cultivars with similar species and fruit colors. Moreover, there were strong positive correlations between phenolics content and antioxidant activity, which was higher in red-colored cherries.     

天然抗氧化剂在抑制水产品贮藏过程中脂质氧化的研究进展

水产品因富含多不饱和脂肪酸,在贮藏过程中极易发生氧化酸败而影响色泽、风味等,失去食用价值和商业价值。天然抗氧化剂具有低价、高效、低毒等优点,越来越受到人们的欢迎。本文综述了水产品脂质氧化的过程及机理;介绍了果蔬、中草药、香辛料、茶叶等天然抗氧化剂在水产品贮藏中的应用,及其抗氧化机制;讨论了天然抗氧化剂的研究现状及发展趋势,以期为水产品贮藏保鲜技术的研究提供参考。