冷喷涂中氮和氦混合气体对颗粒加速作用的模拟研究

采用FLUENT软件数值模拟氮和氦混合气体在拉伐尔喷管内对颗粒的加速过程,并与一维等熵定常流动理论值进行比较,同时研究混合气体中氦气含量对喷管出口处气体以及颗粒的速度和温度的影响。结果表明:喷管中气体参数的模拟值和一维理论值比较吻合,可以预计颗粒的出口参数,指导冷喷涂工艺。随着混合气体中氦气含量的升高,气体和颗粒的出口速度不断提高,温度不断降低,但速度和温度的变化率不断减小,在氮气中加入少量氦气可以提高气体和颗粒的出口速度,同时避免了全部使用氦气加速时的高成本。     

液滴蒸发过程理论分析及非稳态过程数值求解

建立了球对称的液滴在空气中蒸发时分子扩散的微分方程，通过求解得到了液滴质扩散速率的数学表达式。建立了液滴蒸发非稳态阶段的数学模型，并用迭代方法对该模型进行了数值求解。求解的结果表明：非稳态阶段的过程很短，液滴尺寸的变化很小。     

散裂中子源超临界低温氢循环用氢氦换热器设计

中国散裂中子源工程(CSNS)采用氦制冷循环冷却超临界氢至20 K温区,进而用低温超临界氢慢化中子。根据冷却系统的运行工况和参数要求,使用MUSE软件对氢氦换热器进行设计计算,并分析了其压力、温度、传热系数的沿程分布。结果显示氦气侧的压降限制主导了换热器的主要结构尺寸。由于氦制冷机的氦气压力和质量流量较低,氦气侧的传热系数较低,研究表明这是该换热器性能提升的瓶颈。     

均一球形微米级粒子制备技术的研究进展

综述了均一球形微米级粒子的几种重要制备方法,包括切丝或打孔重熔法、雾化法、均匀液滴喷射法以及脉冲小孔喷射法等,介绍了各类制备方法的原理、特点、应用、存在的问题及发展趋势等相关的研究现状,并综合指出各类方法产生液滴的冷却凝固行为,从而通过比较分析,得到脉冲小孔喷射法制备的微粒子具有圆球度高、粒子尺寸均匀、粒径可控、热履历一致等优良特点,尤其对于高温或功能粒子的制备方面,该方法具有不可替代的作用。     

Al-Bi过偏晶合金凝固过程中富Bi相分布规律研究

在常规重力场条件下,通过极快速液淬冷却的实验方法,分析了Al-Bi过偏晶合金在难混溶区凝固过程中,不同凝固时刻和温度下富Bi相液滴的形核、扩散长大、Marangoni迁移、重力沉降和碰撞凝并等复杂的物理过程,考察了富Bi相液滴平均直径及最大直径等随时间变化的分布规律,揭示了偏晶合金宏观偏析的形成过程与影响因素的作用程度,为制备匀质偏晶合金提供理论参考和实验依据。     

空调两器检漏氦气的纯化循环使用分析

空调行业在两器生产过程中需要使用氦质谱检漏仪对两器产品进行氦检,检漏过程中使用的氦气通过回收装置循环使用。当循环使用的氦气纯度较低时进行排空并补充高纯度氦气,以提高检漏过程中的氦气纯度。针对排空的低纯度氦气,为满足氦气检漏纯度要求,通过纯化可以将其纯度提高,实现氦气在空调两器检漏过程中的循环使用。     

大型氦低温系统中的杂质净化

EAST是一个全超导的托卡马克核聚变实验装置,磁体采用超临界氦迫流冷却.磁体在降温过程中对氦气的纯度有很高的要求,净化系统是整个低温系统的重要环节之一,以防各种杂质气体在低温下凝结固化威胁低温系统的稳定可靠运行.理论分析了氦气纯化的基本原理及固定床吸附器的吸附机理,对低温纯化器的运行进行了阐述,并介绍了杂质成分检测系统,以对净化效果进行评估,实验得知氦气净化系统能满足低温系统氦气高纯度的要求.     

镍纳米粉的制备表征及工艺研究

采用自悬浮定向流法制备高纯度镍粉,并采用TEM和XRD分别对粉体的粒径分布和物相进行了表征,结果表明制得镍粉纯度较高,其形貌呈圆球型。负载电压、冷却介质及循环气流均对纳米颗粒的形貌有明显的影响。通过对比分析发现,使用Ar气为冷却介质,气流1.4m3/h,电压K=5.5kV时制备的纳米粉颗粒尺寸分布符合正态分布规律,其产量也最高。     

不同冷却条件下Al-Si/SiC颗粒系统二维凝固过程数值模拟

本文采用多相流模型对不同冷却条件下Al-Si/SiC系统二维凝固过程进行了数值模拟,对顶面冷却、底面冷却、侧面冷却和四面冷却条件下,无颗粒、小颗粒和大颗粒的情况进行了研究。溶质分布表明:对于分凝系数小于1的合金,先凝固的地方出现负偏析,后凝固的地方出现正偏析。顶面冷却和底面冷却时会出现A型偏析,侧面冷却和四面冷却时出现V型偏析。共晶分布验证了Scheil方程,共晶的产生会受到宏观偏析的影响,而且大颗粒的堆积会抑止共晶的产生。     

湍流扩散火焰数值模拟中若干影响因素的研究

应用CFD商业软件FLUENT,对火焰CVD法制备纳米颗粒的湍流扩散燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,分析了边界条件、物性以及辐射等因素对温度场的影响,尤其在低雷诺数下分子扩散对湍流计算中的不可忽略性进行了说明。计算的火焰形状与长度与实验中所观察的相符。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.