中国空气源热泵工程采暖市场研究报告

2015年到2017年间,中国工商采暖市场份额迅猛增长,同时空气源热泵产品的应用规模接近翻倍,销售规模占比超过七成。空气源热泵采暖的迅速增长,主要源于“煤改清洁能源”政策对北方空气源热泵产品采暖需求的直接推动,另外随着主力消费人群的年轻化趋势,对生活品质的要求提高必然带来采暖市场未来巨大发展空间。     

基于合同能源管理对某项目进行节能改造

介绍了合同能源管理的基本概念、特点及其工作流程。详细阐述了合同能源管理模式下酒店信息中心和洗衣房的余热资源,拟以空气源热泵对余热资源进行回收制造生活热水,以节约天然气;将经过热泵降温的冷空气作为信息中心和洗衣房的冷源,替代制冷空调,以节约电能。通过对酒店能耗情况分析,结果表明酒店天然气消耗年平均降低17.6%左右,总能耗降低了约13.7%。     

风冷压缩单元式空调器节能探讨

从分析风冷压缩单元式空调器的制冷原理入手,提出了两种空气源热泵热水模块＋空气源压缩制冷模块机,为提高能源综合利用效率、节约建筑能耗提供了一定的实践思路。     

某别墅地源热泵中央空调系统应用探讨

通过南京某别墅地埋管地源热泵中央空调系统应用案例,阐述了地源热泵机组在空调及热水系统中的节能性及其施工、运行要点,为地源热泵系统的推广应用提供一些参考。     

绿色经济统领地源热泵市场打造低碳生活更精彩

地源热泵是一种能从自然界的空气、水或土壤中获取低品位热,经过电力做功,输出可用的高品位热能的设备,是一种高效供能技术。针对低碳时代采用地源热泵供暖模式效益显著,介绍了地源热泵中央空调工作原理,研究了热泵机组主要构件技术性能特点及运用,提出了推广实施地源热泵的难点和对策,同时指出了地源热泵的发展前景。     

多能源供热水系统的性能计算模型设计

本文以某公司位于长沙的科技产业园宿舍太阳能—空气源热泵热水系统为研究对象,通过分析系统运行的工作原理,建立了系统性能的计算模型.综合考虑太阳光照强度、热泵运行工况、热水负荷等参数条件,分析了多能源联合供热水系统运行的性能.本研究结果对太阳能、热泵、燃气壁挂炉多能源热水系统的优化设计及全天候高效运行控制具有指导意义.     

一种室外机带有渐缩喷管的空气源热泵

介绍了一种室外机带有渐缩喷管的空气源热泵,旨在提高现有空气源热泵的效率.     

基于空气能补热的地埋管模型构建与分析

对于土壤排取热量不均衡地区,地源热泵应用过程中常会出现土壤热失衡问题,该问题严重制衡了地源热泵系统在该地区长期高效稳定运行.针对供暖季地源热泵排取热量不均问题,以济南某小区为研究对象,提出了利用空气能对土壤进行非供暖季补热的地源热泵—空气-水换热器耦合系统,进行了空气-水换热器的设计选型和地埋管换热器的设计,建立了耦合...     

冷凝热回收技术在土壤源热泵空调系统的应用研究

对于现有建筑物而言,大多是将空调系统和居民生活热水系统独立设计。这样的设计方案一方面空调系统释放冷凝热,加剧室外环境热污染;另一方面设置燃气锅炉或电加热设备来满足生活热水需求,导致建筑能耗增加。以西安市曲江新区某别墅建筑土壤源热泵系统为研究对象,通过住宅建筑专用能耗模拟分析软件DeST-H对别墅建筑逐时负荷进行模拟计算,根据《建筑给水排水设计规范》对别墅建筑生活用水负荷进行详尽计算,分析土壤源热泵系统可提供的冷凝热,评估冷凝热回收技术与土壤源热泵系统结合的可行性。     

试论供热系统的自动化控制与节能降耗

在我国社会和经济不断发展的条件下,人们生活水平得到了显著的提升,其对供热系统提出的使用要求也越来越高。其中供热系统有很多中,其中包括热水供热系统以及热电厂供热系统等,不同供热系统其供热情况以及产生的结果都不一样,实际操作中出现的问题也存在差异。而供热系统里面的自动化控制不仅可以提升供热系统实际工作效率,同时也可以实现节能降耗。所以自动化控制功能对供热系统的高效运行具有非常重要的意义。本文主要对供热系统里面的自动化控制以及节能降耗进行分析,提出笔者的思考和建议,仅供参考。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.