声功回收连管对脉管制冷机性能的影响

声功回收型脉管制冷机拥有更高的理论效率,其主要原因是回收了脉管热端的膨胀功。声功回收装置出口至压缩机出口之间的连管,对声功回收有着重要影响。通过理论分析,计算了连管阻抗对脉管制冷机性能的影响;建立了一维整机模型,通过改变连管结构参数,模拟了声功回收连管对脉管制冷机性能的影响,以及对回热器冷热端相位角的影响。研究发现,相同管径下连管越短,脉管制冷机性能越好。选择不同长度的连管进行了实验验证。结果表明,在相同的制冷能力下,随着声功回收连管长度的增加,压缩机输入的电功率明显增大。     

100-140 Hz脉冲管制冷机耦合特性的实验研究

为研究惯性管长度变化对压缩机输出效率和压缩机与冷指之间的耦合特性的影响,对100-140 Hz的2 kg级的高频脉冲管制冷机的整机效率进行了理论分析,通过实验研究了不同惯性管长度对压缩机活塞位移、相位、压力波的影响,并得出了压缩机输出PV功.实验结果表明不同惯性管长度组合,对应不同频率压缩机的效率最高;制冷机整机效率最...     

大冷量单级G-M制冷机冷端换热器结构研究

为了研究大冷量、大质量流G-M制冷机中冷端换热器结构对制冷机性能的影响,研究制冷机换热效率及制冷性能与冷端换热器结构的内在变化规律,为冷端换热器设计提供参考,本文建立了G-M制冷机冷端换热器计算模型,提出了一种增大换热面积的结构,并搭建实验台进行了实验测试验证.研究结果表明,冷端换热器的间隙厚度存在一个最优值,间隙长度...     

基于REGEN的100 mm长回热器脉管制冷机优化设计与实验研究

根据已有研究,回热器长度100 mm的脉管制冷机在温度低于60 K时的性能较好。将一台已有的65 mm长回热器单级同轴型脉管制冷机改造为100 mm长回热器单机同轴型脉管制冷机,分析回热器长度对脉管制冷机性能的影响。基于REGEN软件对脉管制冷机回热器进行优化设计,通过改变回热器填料、压比、冷端相位角和充气压力,研究其对回热器性能的影响。在实验中进一步探索研究输入功、频率等对制冷机的最低制冷温度和比卡诺效率的影响。实验结果表明,在充气压力2 MPa,运行频率51 Hz,输入功809 W,制冷量60 W时,冷头温度109 K,制冷机的相对卡诺效率达到12.9%。     

超高频脉冲管双冷指与压缩机的耦合匹配及优化

对一台压缩机分别驱动单个冷指和双冷指脉冲管制冷机进行了实验研究。实验发现双冷指脉冲管制冷机制冷性能和效率都不如单冷指脉冲管制冷机,导致性能下降的原因是由于双冷指制冷机的总阻抗与压缩机不匹配。从阻抗的角度研究双冷指制冷机与压缩机的耦合匹配特性,根据压缩机理论PV功转化效率,对与双冷指耦合的线性压缩机进行了参数优化。优化后的双冷指脉冲管制冷机可获得和单冷指脉冲管制冷机几乎一致的理论PV功转化效率。     

斯特林型脉冲管制冷机中压缩机与冷指耦合实验研究

从理论上分析了质量流和压力波对脉冲管制冷机中冷指和压缩机耦合的影响, 针对1台6 W/95 K斯特林型脉冲管制冷机行了具体研究.实验分析表明:只有当线性压缩机能够提供脉冲管冷指所需的压力波动和质量流量时,整机才可能取得较好的性能;运行频率和整机的输入功率对压缩机效率的影响都小于2%.     

高频脉冲管制冷机回热器相位特性优化方法研究

基于REGEN3.3软件对10 W@80 K单级高频脉冲管制冷机回热器进行了仿真计算,分析了回热器冷端相位特性对于制冷量、效率的影响及冷、热端相位特性之间的关系。研究表明:当冷端质量流幅值及压比变化时,效率最优时所对应的冷端相位角变化较小;冷端质量流幅值越大,效率最优时所对应的冷端压力波幅值也越大。回热器热端质量流幅值随着冷端质量流落后于压力波角度的减小而增加,随着冷端压比的增加而增加;热端压力波幅值随着冷端压比的增加而大幅增加;热端相位角随着冷端质量流幅值的增加而减小,随着冷端压比的增加而增加。基于研究结果总结了高频脉冲管制冷机回热器相位特性的优化方法。     

脉管制冷机冷端换热器的改进

为了进一步提高脉管制冷机在液氮温区（７７Ｋ）的制冷量,本文对脉管冷端换热器进行了改进,同时还对脉管冷端气流的平均温度进行了测量。实验结果表明,常规脉管制冷机冷端换热器中的换热面积是不足的,脉管制冷机冷端换热器的传热损失较大,在设计计算中不应忽视。采用高目数的换热器填料有利于降低脉管冷端壁面与冷端气体之间的温差,从而提高冷端换热器效率,进而提高液氮温区脉管制冷机效率。     

气波制冷机等熵效率影响因素的实验研究

通过实验研究了气体分配器转速、振荡管长度与气体膨胀比等因素对气波制冷机等熵效率的影响,给出了影响曲线并进行了分析。同时,对强化振荡管传热、耦合脉管制冷结构等提高等熵效率的方法进行了实验研究。研究结果对改善气波制冷机的结构与性能具有指导意义。     

热端长度对脉冲管制冷机的性能影响研究

首先介绍了我实验室自主开发的实用型产品：空调压缩机驱动的同轴脉冲管制冷机,然后针对实用化过程中要求脉冲管的热端长度增加的问题进行了分析,得到一些分析结果。通过一组实验研究了脉冲管热端长度对性能的影响,包括脉冲管热端温度、冷端温度、降温时间、压比。实验结果和分析是吻合的。该实验为将来实用化的设计提供了一定的实验依据。     

斯特林型脉管制冷机中惯性管的优化设计

介绍了斯特林型脉管制冷机中惯性管调相的原理和惯性管的传输线理论模型,给出了惯性管尺寸的优化计算方法.采用该方法对现有的脉管制冷机中惯性管的调相能力进行了模拟计算,研究了PV功、压比和气库容积等参数对最佳惯性管尺寸的影响,并与实验结果进行了对比,计算结果与实验结果符合较好.     

Experimental investigation of vortex tube refrigerator with a divergent hot tube

Energy separation performance of vortex tube can be improved by using a divergent hot tube. Experiments are carried out to investigate the influence of the geometrical parameters on vortex tube refrigeration capacity by using nitrogen as the working fluid. In this work, the parameters are focused on the divergence angle of hot tube, length of divergent hot tube and number of nozzle intakes. Experimental results present that there is an optimum angle for obtaining the highest refrigeration performance, and 4° is the optimal candidate under our experimental conditions. Divergent tube length which exceeds a critical length has slight effect on the refrigeration capacity. The critical length to diameter ratio is L/D = 12 in our experiment. Increasing number of nozzle intakes increases the sensitivity of temperature reduction and can obtain the highest possible temperature reduction. Moreover, similarity relations for the prediction of the cold exit stream are presented and confirmed by the experimental data.     

Comparison of two different ways of using inertance tube in a pulse tube cooler

It is well known that the pressure wave should lead the volume flow rate at the ambient end of the pulse tube for a high-efficiency operation of a pulse tube cooler. Inertance tube can provide such a phase relationship without DC flow problem. However, inertance tube is always connected with a reservoir in previous literatures. Through theoretical calculation here, inertance tube without a reservoir can also provide a rather large phase-leading effect. Thus phasor diagram is used to analyze the relationship between phase-leading requirement and the pulse tube geometry. Roughly speaking, a larger void volume of pulse tube would require a larger phase-leading effect. Comparison experiments are also done on a thermoacoustically-driven pulse tube cooler. With i.d.2 mm tube as inertance tube, the tube without reservoir yields close results in terms of lowest temperature to that of the tube with reservoir and both give much better performance than that of an orifice with reservoir. Finally, the advantages of using inertance tube without reservoir are given.     

汽车空调管片式换热器用内螺纹管替代光面管的可行性分析

为了研究与套管式换热器连接的不同管型单根铜管的换热性能,测试密封水的温度变化过程。试验结果表明,内螺纹管的换热性能优于光面管的,前者的换热效率约为后者的2～3倍。因此推断汽车空调管片式热交换器采用内螺纹铝管替代光面铝管是具有可行性的。     

关于内螺纹管及光管冷凝器换热效果的实验分析

采用实验方法,对比分析采用7mm的内螺纹管和光管冷凝器对冷冻系统整机性能的影响。测试结果表明,采用内螺纹管的冷凝器,冷凝温度降低1K,压损增大30%,功率减小1.5%,换热量增大2.5%,能效比增加3.3%。     

Enthalpy flow rate of a pulse tube in pulse tube refrigerator

An integration formula of enthalpy flow rate along a pulse tube in pulse tube refrigerators is described on the assumption of sinusoidal mass flow rate and sinusoidal pressure fluctuation. For ideal double inlet and ideal orifice pulse tube with helium as working medium, it is simplified to a polynomial formula. Polynomial formulas for roughly evaluating the volume of the pulse tube in ideal double inlet and ideal orifice pulse tube refrigerators are also given.     

Performance comparison of thermoacoustic engines with constant-diameter resonant tube and tapered resonant tube

Two standing-wave thermoacoustic engines with a constant-diameter resonant tube and a tapered one, respectively, are simulated with linear thermoacoustics to explore the reasons for performance improvement of the thermoacoustic engine with the tapered resonant tube substituting for the constant-diameter one. Computed results indicate that the viscous loss in the tapered resonant tube is much lower than that in the constant-diameter one, and the smooth joint between the tapered resonant tube and its resonant cavity may avoid the acoustic power loss derived from sharp variation of flow area. The comparison between the computed results and the experimental data indicates that the simulation can roughly predict the performance of thermoacoustic engines with these two types of resonant tubes.     

热端管长度对涡流管性能影响的试验研究

涡流管具有结构简单、无运动部件、价格低廉、可靠性高等优点,但管内发生的能量转换却极为复杂。本文以压缩空气为工作介质,对涡流管能量分离特性进行试验研究,获得涡流管制冷、制热效应随热端管长度、冷端流率之间的关系。研究结果表明,热端管长度越长,六流道喷嘴涡流管的制冷、制热效应越好,获得最大制冷效应时的冷端流率越大。     

Quarter-wave pulse tube

In high-power pulse-tube refrigerators, the pulse tube itself can be very long without too much dissipation of acoustic power on its walls. The pressure amplitude, the volume-flow-rate amplitude, and the time phase between them evolve significantly along a pulse tube that is about a quarter-wavelength long. Proper choice of length and area makes the oscillations at the ambient end of the long pulse tube optimal for driving a second, smaller pulse-tube refrigerator, thereby utilizing the acoustic power that would typically have been dissipated in the first pulse-tube refrigerator’s orifice. Experiments show that little heat is carried from the ambient heat exchanger to the cold heat exchanger in such a long pulse tube, even though the oscillations are turbulent and even when the tube is compactly coiled.     

基于传输管的三级级联脉管制冷机实验研究

为提高脉管制冷机制冷效率,通过引入一根特殊设计的传输管,将本应在前一级脉管制冷机脉管热端耗散声功回收,理论上多级级联脉管制冷机制冷效率可达卡诺效率。基于该理论,在已有两级级联脉管制冷机基础上串入第三级制冷机。实验结果显示,该三级级联脉管制冷机最高可获得253.6 W@233 K制冷量,较单级制冷机制冷效率增加39.9%,制冷效率进一步趋于卡诺效率。