Hydride reorientation in Zr2.5Nb studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction

The crystallographic texture and stress state of hydride platelets of two different orientations precipitated in Zr2.5Nb pressure tubes were studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments using an 80 keV photon beam and an area detector in transmission geometry. Circumferential and radial hydrides with platelet normals along the tube radial and circumferential directions, respectively, were precipitated in tube material loaded up to H contents of 130 wt.ppm. This macroscopic hydride orientation was controlled by application of a load along the tube hoop direction during hydride precipitation. The experiments show that both circumferential and radial platelets are composed of δ-hydrides precipitated in α-Zr grains from a wide range of orientations, but with a clear preference for Zr crystals with their c-axes at an angle of ～15–20° from the hoop direction. Some moderate differences between the crystallographic texture of the two hydrides result from application of the load during precipitation. The results are explained in terms of an autocatalytic nucleation process and the Zr2.5Nb microstructure. A careful stress analysis revealed that both hydride types are compressed by the matrix on the plane of the platelet, with the largest stresses always found along the axial direction of the tube. Determination of the stress state of the hydride could be exploited as a diffraction signature of the hydride orientation.     

小口径TA18航空钛合金管材织构测定与分析

利用X射线衍射极图测量技术,对国内试制的Φ6mm的TA18(Ti-3Al-2.5V)合金冷轧管材的织构类型进行研究。并测量了国外同直径的商用航空管材的织构类型和强度,与国产的管材进行了对比分析。采用管材减薄展平法解决了形状对X射线衍射强度影响无法修正的困难,实现了对管材织构的精确测定。结果表明:国产管材的织构类型与进口管材基本相似,主织构的(0002)面与管材径向夹角均为24°,晶向[1010]与管轴向平行。但是织构的强度差别很大,进口管材的织构强度是国产管材的2倍以上。提高织构强度及减小离散程度是改善国产管材性能的一个重要方向。     

管材拉拔中的不均匀变形与残余应力

为评价管材拉拔中的不均匀变形 ,提出用管材拉拔前后截面形状变化指数Q描述截面变形的不均匀性。用电阻应变片测试了黄铜管材变形后的表面残余应力 ,用管材截面小圆环法计算了截面径向和周向变形的分布 ,确定了管材拉拔中Q值对管材截面上变形分布及表面残余应力的影响规律。     

TA18钛合金航空管材织构沿层深分布的研究

利用X射线衍射技术对冷轧制备的TA18钛合金航空管材的内、中、外三层的织构进行测定与分析,与此相对应,还测试了能反映管材各向异性特性的收缩应变比(Contractile strain ratio,CSR)。结果表明：管材织构强度沿层深会形成较大的梯度变化,通过晶体取向分布函数(ODF)的峰值密度显示织构梯度变化大于17%,特别是各层的织构的类型也存在很大差别。采用减薄展平法取管材中层进行织构测定时,即使织构强度等级较高,也会出现CSR下降的情况。原因在于管材存在有利的径向织构和不利的切向织构共存的沿层深不均匀织构分布,不利织构比重过大将导致其CSR值降低。确定织构沿层深的分布为进一步预测并改进管材的力学性能提供参考,并为改善生产工艺提供依据。     

钢管三辊连轧成型过程的有限元分析

本文采用弹塑性、大变形和接触非线性有限元法,应用MARC软件对Y型三辊两道冷轧钢管的成型过程进行了分析,得到了钢管在成型过程中横截面的变形图和应力应变的分布规律.根据数值计算结果绘制了钢管冷轧成型过程中的轴向应力、环向和径向应力分布曲线,根据应力分布规律分析了对成品钢管直径和壁厚精度的影响因素.研究成果可以作为冷轧钢管成型工艺参数和成型辊设计的参考.     

管无芯弯曲中塑性变形规律的研究

通过大量管材弯曲试验,分析了沿弯曲线的切向和管壁厚方向的应力应变状态,给出弯管内、外侧管壁厚变化量和切向应变的近似计算公式。在后续试验的基础上,逐步将修正公式适用于实际生产。同时,为管材弯曲成形机理研究作了相应的基础准备工作。     

双金属复合无缝钢管冷轧成型过程的数值研究

采用非线性有限元法对不锈钢/碳钢双金属复合钢管的冷轧成型过程进行了数值模拟,得到了钢管在整个冷轧成型过程包括稳定轧制阶段和钢管冷轧脱模以后的位移场和应力应变场.计算结果显示,冷轧成型过程的应力分布十分复杂,在环向没有对称性.本文根据计算结果绘制了钢管的径向、环向及轴向应力分布图.在稳定轧制阶段,径向应力在内层钢管内壁,减径量越大,径向应力越小;环向应力在碳钢和不锈钢界面位置和内层不锈钢管的内壁,减径量越大,环向应力越小;轴向应力与减径量的大小成反比关系.采用冷轧成型工艺生产双金属无缝钢管,成品钢管的直径精度较高,壁厚精度低于直径精度.参数研究表明,计算直径接近理论值,受减径量的影响相对较小;计算壁厚与理论值有一定误差,钢管壁厚精度随减径量的增加而降低.对于本文计算的外径为φ202 mm,壁厚为11 mm的双金属复合管,在减径量为2 mm时的壁厚相对误差仍小于5％.同时,双金属复合管外层碳钢钢管壁厚变化量相对较大而内层不锈钢管的壁厚变化相对较小.论文的研究成果对于双金属复合钢管冷轧成型工艺设计、孔型和轧辊设计具有参考价值.     

Prediction of inhomogeneous texture in clad sheet metals by hot roll bond method

A finite element analysis was applied to analyze the evolution of an inhomogeneity of rolling texture in hot rolled clad metal with Taylor-Bishop-Hill model and Renourd-Winterberger method. The shear texture has been developed in the surface layer of the aluminum and plane strain texture has been developed in the center layer. The calculated texture variations through thickness direction could simulate experimental texture using deformation gradient from FEM. The ratio of shear strain to rolling strain, x, which represents the degree of rotation about transverse direction could give the degree of development of shear texture. The larger value of x gives the larger crystal rotation about transverse direction and subsequently the development of shear texture. The calculated (111) pole figures were in good agreement with experimentally measured pole figures.     

热反挤压过程中金属不稳定流动状态的研究

利用有限元软件Deform-3D对厚壁钢管热反挤压制坯过程进行数值模拟,分析了摩擦系数和壁厚对金属流动状态的影响.结果表明:反挤压件管壁内侧的金属在向上平移的同时还伴有径向移动,摩擦系数越大、管壁越厚,径向移动的程度越大,越容易造成凸模抱模的现象.根据模拟结果,提出了一种新增径向塑性变形区的大型厚壁钢管热反挤制坯的变形...     

��ȡ��繤�ְ�{100}��֯���ļ�㶨���ⶨ

 在探讨了无取向电工钢工业检测{100}面织构的需求和当前所面临的测量不准或测量方法过于繁杂的基础上，尝试了一种{100}面织构简便的定量测算方法。以市场上3种无取向电工钢板为实验材料，测量了{200}不完整极图。把极图中心附近10°范围内极密度分布的累积定义为{100}面织构，推导出了计算钢板{100}面织构的简便方法。其中根据{200}极图的对称性和极图的已知数据近似推导出了极图的未知部分，从而完成了定量计算过程。定量计算结果与实测极图所表现{100}面织构的强弱趋势一致。利用相似的原理也有可能发展出对其它织构简便而准确的定量测算方法。     

Effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and texture of twin roll cast ZK60 magnesium alloy

Twin roll cast ZK60 alloy strip/sheet with final thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared,and effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and texture development was investigated using OM and XRD technique,microstructure and texture were measured on specimens subjected to rolling experiment at different rolling temperature,and macrotexture was also evaluated by X-ray diffraction method.In addition,the(1 010)and(0002) pole figures were measured,and the tensile test was performed to reveal the influence of rolling temperature on mechanical properties.The results show that the microstructure of ZK60 alloy sheet consisted of fibrous structure with elongated grains,and shear bands along the rolling direction after warm rolling.Dynamic recrystallization could be found during the warm rolling process at rolling temperature 350 °C and above.And many fine recrystallized grain could be observed in the shear bands area.It is a little difficult to see the recrystallized grain in the sheet warm rolled at 300 °C because of higher density of shear bands.The warm rolled ZK60 alloy sheet exhibited strong(0002) pole texture,the intensity of(0002) pole figure decreases with the increasing of rolling temperature and the basal pole tilted slightly to the transverse direction after warm rolling.     

基于ANSYS-Workbench的谐波减速器柔轮结构优化分析

柔轮是谐波减速器的核心部件,也是最容易失效的部分,其工作寿命决定了谐波减速器的寿命。针对柔轮结构设计中高寿命、高承载能力的要求,以柔轮中筒长、壁厚等关键结构参数为研究对象,建立柔轮受力数学模型,分析单因素对柔轮应力应变的影响规律。基于Design Exploration响应面子模块探究不同因素的搭配对柔轮应力应变的影响及补偿规律,利用CFTOOL函数拟合得到柔轮应力的回归曲线。分析结果表明:单因素筒长对柔轮应力影响最大,通过减小径向变形量补偿增大齿圈宽度对柔轮应力的影响,增大齿圈宽度可补偿增大筒长对柔轮应力的影响。柔轮结构设计最佳参数组合为壁厚0.45 mm、筒长50~60 mm、齿圈宽度12~13 mm,该柔轮等效应力比最大应力降低18.5%,满足设计要求。     

退火对AA3104热轧铝板整体织构的影响

对AA3104热轧铝板的织构分别进行了X射线反射法测量和X射线透射法测量。采用X射线透射法测量时,对极图数据作了绕轧向转90°的坐标转换,以直接测得热轧铝板的真实织构,避免用X射线反射法测量时铝板织构不均匀性引起的测量结果偏离整体织构。X射线透射法测量织构简捷、准确。铝板心部和表面织构是不一致的,退火可改变铝板的织构。     

焊缝管液压胀形模拟建模及变形规律的研究

基于周向显微硬度的分布及经验公式法,确立了STKM11A焊缝管热影响区的流动应力;通过对热影响区进行分片的方式,建立了包含焊缝和热影响区的焊缝管液压胀形的有限元模拟模型。基于该模型,模拟分析了STKM11A焊缝管液压胀形时的变形规律,如截面轮廓形状、周向壁厚分布和成形极限等,并与胀形实验结果进行对比。结果表明,液压胀形后焊缝管的截面轮廓形状不对称、壁厚分布不均匀,最小壁厚位于热影响区;包含焊缝及热影响区的有限元模型在预测焊缝管液压胀形的变形规律、极限载荷和潜在胀裂位置等方面,较其他常规模型更加精确。     

小直径管无芯弯曲壁厚变形的试验研究

通过大量小直径管弯曲成形试验,分析了弯管壁厚方向的应变分布状态,指出管壁厚变形主要受材料力学性能和变形几何因素的影响,沿弯曲线呈非均匀分布,最大减薄和增厚量均产生在弯曲内角中部。推导出限制弯管壁厚变化量的许用最小弯曲半径公式,经试验验证具有一定的实用价值。     

外螺纹铜管拉深成形过程的有限元模拟

利用非线性有限元仿真软件MARC,研究了外螺旋凸筋管成形过程的三维弹塑性有限元模拟技术.对外螺纹铜管的拉深成形过程进行了模拟,得到了成形过程中工件内部的应力和应变分布规律.结果表明,拉拔过程中,管料发生轴向延伸,但各部分延伸量不均匀,最大延伸变形发生在筋底中心部分.在周向,整体上管料发生压缩变形,但在筋底部分产生一定的延伸,应变为正;径向发生压缩变形.在定径区及铜管离开定径区后,轴向应力均为拉应力,但沿壁厚分布不均匀;同样,拉拔周向应力沿壁厚方向也呈不均匀分布,出定径区后在筋底区的外表面为负,内表面为正.     

Investigation of the Structure,Texture and Temperature Dependent Electrical Resistivity of Ag-Sb Electrodeposits

Ag-Sb layers of 18 and 45 μm thicknesses have been electrodeposited from a ferrocyanide thiocyanate bath. These electrodeposits exhibit spiral shaped surface structures and a laminated layer structure. X-ray diffraction investigations of the structure and texture with pole figure analysis show that the electrodeposits have a fibre texture of f.c.c. <111> and a small volume of hexagonal <001> orientations. The f.c.c. phase has an expanded lattice parameter of 4.11 Å. Room temperature resistivities of 25 and 95 μΩ—cm were observed for the samples of 18 and 45 μm thickness respectively. The temperature coefficient of resistivity is negative in the temperature range of 30 and 300 K, and an anomaly in the resistivity versus temperature curve in a temperature range of 220 to 240 K is observed.     

组合摩擦对厚壁管件压弯成形的影响

在阐述了厚壁结构管件填充介质压弯成形工艺的基础上,建立了管件压弯成形过程有限元模型,研究了内外摩擦因数对管材弯曲成形过程中应力应变、成形载荷以及管壁厚度变化的影响。数值模拟结果显示:摩擦是影响管件成形的重要工艺参数。在管件的压弯成形过程中,摩擦力影响变形区的应力分布和金属流动,当选择适当的摩擦因数组合时,管件受到的应力与成形力均较小,壁厚均匀性较好。     

激光加工表面微织构对陶瓷刀具摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的优选陶瓷刀具表面微织构形貌,以获得减摩性能较好的微织构。方法采用摩擦磨损实验,单因素研究微织构对陶瓷刀具摩擦磨损性能的影响。测定不同形貌织构刀具的表面摩擦系数,对比其表面磨损形貌,并通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS对微织构表面摩擦过程进行有限元仿真分析,研究不同织构对刀具应力分布的影响。结果在载荷90 N、转速300 r/min、时间30 min的条件下进行摩擦磨损实验,无织构刀具表面摩擦系数约为0.42;放射状微织构刀具的微织构方向与对磨副运动方向垂直,其摩擦系数最低,约为0.35。有限元仿真分析表明,无织构刀具应力集中出现在对磨副与刀具接触的前沿,约16.68~18.19 MPa,应力集中容易引起局部磨损;微织构方向与速度方向垂直时,等效应力值约为21.96~31.37 MPa,应力分布更为均匀,应力较大值分布在微织构沟槽的两侧,刀具更耐磨。结论相比于无织构刀具,加工微织构会使得刀具表面摩擦系数降低,耐磨损性能提高,应力分布更为均匀。     

Efficient and accurate measurement of very sharp crystallographic textures: A new measurement strategy

A new measurement strategy is introduced to determine very pronounced crystallographic textures of polycrystalline materials most accurately and efficiently. It features optimized adaptively refined successive X-ray pole figure measurements. To optimize both the total experimental time as well as the angular resolution, and thus the accuracy of pole figure measurements, traveling salesman problems on the hemisphere of poles have to be resolved. The corresponding algorithm is encoded and implemented as part of the software controlling the texture goniometer. The procedure was applied to pole figure measurements of a NiW alloy with extremely sharp Cube texture. The results are presented and compared to conventional measurement strategies.