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GIS即:地理信息系统。是一门集地理空间数据处理与计算机技术于一体的边缘学科领域,它是以地理空间数据库为基础,采用地理模型分析方法,运用系统工程和信息科学的理论,科学管理和分析具有空间内涵属性的地理数据,以提供对规划、管理、决策和研究所需信息的技术系统。也是一项以计算机为基础的新兴技术,围绕着这项技术的研究、开发和应用形成了一 相似文献
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本文针对传统GIS存在的数据共享困难、开发过程复杂的缺陷,首先简述了Web Service技术,进而提出了基于Web Service的GIS开发模型并描述了其运行过程,最后讨论了基于Web Service的开放式GIS在未来的现代化农业发展中的应用. 相似文献
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王航 《数码设计:surface》2019,(18):15-15
把GIS系统集成技术应用到农业工程信息系统,进行管理GIS日常农业工程项目,其主要操作形式是地理信息系统操作方式。进行MapInfo集成主要利用OLE Automa tion技术,实现设计地图嵌入、工程信息显示、事件响应、工程空间数据维护等系统功能。本文对农业工程信息系统中应用GIS系统集成技术进行了分析和研究。 相似文献
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GIS技术在农业生产中的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了地理信息系统(GIS)的概念、功能和特征以及GIS的发展过程、应用领域,讨论了GIS在农业资源调查与管理、农业区划、农业土地适宜性评价、农业生态环境研究、农业灾害预防、农作物估产及精确农业等方面的应用现状,阐述了GIS在农业领域应用研究的重要性及在推广应用中的限制因素,并对GIS在农业领域未来的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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近年来,RS—GIS技术在我国各个领域得到了成功的应用,本文结合采用RS—GIS技术在煤矿区水害防治方面所取得的成绩,对RS—GIS技术在煤矿区水害防治中的作用谈了几点认识。 相似文献
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GPS、GIS在车辆实时监控中的应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
计算机科学的发展和人们对空间数据的雷求,导致了地理信息系统的产生和发展,而现代通信技术和卫星定位技术的发展使得人们对空间行为(过程)进行时间或空间上的动态、实时观测成为可能。因此,GIS、GPS与通信技术的结合,使人们对空间数据的用进入前所未有的层次。介绍了GPS、GIS(ARC/INFO)在车辆实时监控中的应用,阐述了系统的总体结构及GIS在该系统中的功能,并提出了有待进一步探讨的问题。 相似文献
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某时段的干旱不但与同期降水有关,还与前期降水有密切的关系,土壤水分是表达干旱的重要因子,可以综合反映干旱的变化,为此,利用1989~2004年西峰农业气象试验站的土壤水分、降水资料,分析了降水量随时间的变化,0~100cm土壤水分的垂直分布特征和时间变化规律,对春季、伏期、秋季、初春、春末初夏旱土壤含水量与降水量进行了对比分析,并制定了这几个时段的针对土壤含水量的土壤干旱指标。 相似文献
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Monitoring agricultural soil moisture extremes in Canada using passive microwave remote sensing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Current methods to assess soil moisture extremes rely primarily on point-based in situ meteorological stations which typically provide precipitation and temperature rather than direct measurements of soil moisture. Microwave remote sensing offers the possibility of quantifying surface soil moisture conditions over large spatial extents. Capturing soil moisture anomalies normally requires a long temporal record of data, which most operating satellites do not have. This research examines the use of surface soil moisture from the AMSR-E passive microwave satellite to derive surface soil moisture anomalies by exploiting spatial resolution to compensate for the shorter temporal record of the satellite sensor. Four methods were used to spatially aggregate information to develop a surface soil moisture anomaly (SMA). Two of these methods used soil survey and climatological zones to define regions of homogeneity, based on the Soil Landscapes of Canada (SLC) and the EcoDistrict nested hierarchy. The second two methods (ObShp3 and ObShp5) used zones defined by a data driven segmentation of the satellite soil moisture data. The level of sensitivity of the calculated SMA decreased as the number of pixels used in the spatial aggregation increased, with the average error reducing to less than 5% when more than 15 pixels are used. All methods of spatial aggregation showed somewhat weak but consistent relationship to in situ soil moisture anomalies and meteorological drought indices. The size of the regions used for aggregation was more important than the method used to create the regions. Based on the error and the relationship to the in situ and ancillary data sets, the EcoDistrict or ObShp3 scale appears to provide the lowest error in calculating the SMA baseline. This research demonstrates that the use of spatial aggregation can provide useful information on soil moisture anomalies where satellite records of data are temporally short. 相似文献
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土壤水分是监测作物旱情的基本因子,以欧空局1978~2014年微波遥感土壤水分产品、中国经济与社会发展统计数据库以及气象数据为基础,结合土壤水分亏缺指数(Soil Water Deficit Index, SWDI)分析东北地区的干旱程度与玉米亩产的关系。结果表明:①东北三省干旱程度空间上呈现自东北向西南逐渐加重的空间分布模式;②基于CCI (Climate Change Initiative)土壤水分产品计算的SWDI干旱指数与降雨量和气温有良好的相关关系,可用于评估干旱发生的严重程度;③玉米生长季关键需水期——7月的SWDI与玉米产量的相关性最好,二者在黑龙江、吉林和辽宁省的R2分别为0.43、0.78和0.38,非常适合用于评估干旱对玉米单产的影响。该结论对于研究大范围土壤水分含量对农作物产量的影响以及相关农业决策具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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Soil moisture is the basic factor for monitoring crop drought. Based on the microwave remote sensing soil moisture products of ESA from 1978 to 2014, the statistical database of China's economic and social development and meteorological data, combined with the Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SWDI), the relationship between the degree of drought in Northeast China and corn yield was analyzed. The results show that: (1) the drought level of the three provinces is increasing from northeast to southwest; (2) the SWDI drought index calculated based on CCI (Climate Change Initiative) soil moisture products has a good correlation with rainfall and temperature, which can be used to evaluate the severity of drought; (3) the correlation between SWDI and maize yield is the best in the key water demand period (July), and R2 of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces are 0.43, 0.78 and 0.38 respectively, which is very suitable for quantifying the effect of drought on maize yield. This conclusion has important guiding significance for the study of the influence of soil moisture content on crop yield and the relevant agricultural decision-making. 相似文献
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遥感技术在干旱监测中具有其他技术不可替代的优势。利用2005年8~9月的MODIS产品,获取逐日地表温度数据和逐日植被指数数据,建立了LST|NDVI特征空间,根据此特征空间建模,计算得出温度植被干旱指数作为表征干旱的监测指标,并结合2005年土壤湿度数据对该指标进行定量验证。在此基础上利用ArcGIS软件分析了2005年8~9月吉林省干旱时空分布特征。结果表明:吉林省干旱总体分布趋势从东南到西北呈现出湿润到正常-轻旱-中旱-重旱的变化规律,体现出吉林省旱情的多样性和复杂性,8月19日、8月25日、9月8日正常和轻旱分布区域面积所占总区域面积比例分别为26.84%和59.53%、41.31%和41.73%、40.40%和32.83%,9月中旬轻旱和中旱分布最广,其比例分别为38.27%和36.26%;重旱和中旱分布区主要位于白城和松原市,轻旱区主要分布在长春、四平和辽源市,正常分布区集中在吉林、通化和白山市境内,湿润分布区主要分布在延边市。 相似文献
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激光遥感就是用激光束作为光谱探头来探测大气成分。在过去的十五年中,这种激光雷达技术已被证明是一种测量大气中几种重要化学成分的有效探测方法,现在,它不但对我们了解大气起着重要的作用,而且正在 相似文献
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以黑河流域中上游为研究区,初步探究了利用AMSR2卫星的多频亮度温度数据估算土壤水分的方法。基于土壤水分和土壤发射率的统计关系,通过黑河流域上游的4个像元2013年7月至2014年6月内的实测土壤水分和土壤温度数据,采用了“四像元交叉拟合法”获得了统计系数,并用此方法估算出了黑河流域中上游的土壤水分。采用2014年7月至2014年10月内估算的土壤水分,连同与AMSR2的4个常用的土壤水分产品和GLDAS土壤水分产品在时间序列上,与八宝河流域WSN土壤水分地面观测展开了对比验证,结果表明估算土壤水分精度明显高于上述5种产品。同时借助高程和土地覆被辅助数据,与GLDAS土壤水分在空间格局上进行了比较,发现估算土壤水分时空分布特征更加合理。该方法可为流域尺度的土壤水分反演与监测提供了一种简而易行的思想方法和可行之路。 相似文献
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《遥感技术与应用》2017,32(6):1114-1125
Based on Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI remote sensing images in the arid region of Northwest China in 1990,1999,2007 and 2015,104 data of lakes with area greater than 1 km2were obtained by Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)and the driving mechanism of lake change was analyzed.The results show that:(1)From 1990 to 2015,the lake area in northwestern arid region was increasing,and the area of lake in 1999~2007 was the most obvious;(2)In the northwest arid region,the whole lakes showed an expanding trend,but there were obvious regional differences.The area of the lakes decreased first and then increased,and the lakes were the largest and the most widely distributed.Area of the lake continued to reduce the number of small,was distributed in the hinterland of Tengger Desert;(3)Precipitation and temperature are two important factors influencing lake change.The change of lake area is consistent with precipitation,temperature and evaporation,and the impact of human activities on the change of lake area is insignificant.While the change of plain lake area is affected by natural factors and human activities.Desert lake area is the result of climate change and groundwater recharge source changes.The results promote to improve the temporal and spatial characteristics of the lakes in Northwest China,And provide a reasonable basis for the study of lake change and environmental protection in this area. 相似文献