金属材料腐蚀形貌图像与实海挂片数据的相关性研究

采用图像扫描方法获取碳钢、低合金钢实海挂片的腐蚀形貌图像并进行图像分析;用灰色关联及典型相关技术分析了试片扫描灰度值分布与单位平均腐蚀失重及局部腐蚀平均深度的关系;用神经网络理论建立了扫描灰度值分布与试片局部腐蚀平均深度间的关系模型以及扫描灰度值典型加权与试片单位面积平均腐蚀失重间的关系模型。     

图像分维对腐蚀坑分布特征的表征

采用图像分维探讨了腐蚀图像特征与表面腐蚀坑分布特征的关系.统计碳钢土壤腐蚀试片表面测量数据表明,蚀坑直径和深度分布在一定尺度范围内遵循幂函数方程,即蚀坑直径或深度与相应出现概率(个数)在双对数坐标存在线性区,其线性区斜率代表坑直径或深度的分布分维,反映腐蚀表面的粗糙程度.同时,根据盒计数法原理提出计算图像二维和三维分维的方法.大量实验数据证实,腐蚀图像二维和三维分维分别与坑直径和坑深度分布分维线性相关,并在数值上近似相等.这为根据腐蚀图像特征确定腐蚀表面坑分布规律提供了简便快捷的方法.     

激光共聚焦扫描显微镜在腐蚀形貌表征中的应用

对N80钢进行了全面腐蚀和沟槽腐蚀试验,采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(LSCM)表征其表面的腐蚀形貌,并与宏观观察、扫描电镜和金相显微镜等方法进行了比较。结果表明:利用LSCM分析能够更直观和客观地找到局部腐蚀和腐蚀坑深处,仪器自带标尺还可直接和便捷地测量坑深,由此计算的沟槽腐蚀敏感系数更可靠。     

在用压力容器局部坑状腐蚀的安全状况等级评定

通过对在用压力容器局部坑状腐蚀所产生的凹坑应力进行分析，得出了不同坑深的在用压力容器安全状况等级的评定。     

0.1%NaHSO_3盐雾条件下T91钢的腐蚀行为

在NaHSO_3溶液中进行盐雾实验,利用腐蚀失重、宏观形貌和微观形貌观察等方法研究了T91钢盐雾腐蚀过程中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,在100 h盐雾腐蚀过程中,T91钢腐蚀产物逐步增加,其覆盖比例、完整度和致密性都逐渐提高,并最终覆盖样品表面。腐蚀产物的主要成分为FeOOH、Fe_2O_3·3H_2O和Cr_2O_3,并含有少量硫化物。T91钢腐蚀过程可以表述为:样品表面先产生了零星的局部腐蚀,而后局部腐蚀逐渐长大并相互连接形成大腐蚀坑,大腐蚀坑逐步发展形成更大范围的腐蚀。     

Q235钢在薄液膜下腐蚀行为与图像信息的相关性研究

研究了大气腐蚀环境下Q235钢腐蚀行为,通过图像处理获取锈层组成的信息。将电化学监测和图像分析相结合,通过提取图像特征参数,并与电化学信息进行对比分析,研究Q235钢在薄液膜下腐蚀行为与图像信息的相关性。结果表明,Q235钢大气腐蚀始于珠光体,出现局部区域优先腐蚀特征;随着腐蚀进行,出现均匀化特征。丝束电极分析表明,随着时间增加,Q235钢腐蚀电位降低,腐蚀电位标准差减小,阳极区域不断扩大。神经网络图像分析表明,随时间增加,锈层中α-FeOOH的含量增加,对氧的扩散出现阻挡作用,促使局部腐蚀向均匀腐蚀转变。腐蚀行为与图像特征信息具有相关性,即与局部腐蚀向均匀腐蚀转变进而速率减缓相对应,表面出现完整腐蚀产物层。     

一般大气环境下锈蚀结构钢表面特征与随机模型

对处于大气腐蚀环境中的结构钢开展了6批次人工加速腐蚀实验和为期8 a的自然暴露实验,利用表面形貌测试方法和腐蚀表征参数自编分析程序对锈蚀结构钢表面特征参数及演变规律进行研究,明确锈蚀深度、锈坑深度、锈坑径深比分布特征,揭示其均值、方差等统计参数及锈坑形状的变化规律。研究表明,一般大气环境下结构钢锈蚀深度服从正态分布,锈坑深度与径深比服从对数正态分布;随着腐蚀程度的增大,锈蚀深度均值、标准差与功率谱密度峰值以及锈坑深度对数均值均逐渐增大,锈坑径深比对数均值逐渐减小;锈坑形状由圆柱或半球体逐渐向圆锥体转变。最后基于锈蚀深度参数和锈坑参数统计分析结果,考虑各表征参数的变化规律与内在联系,建立了锈蚀深度随机场模型与锈坑随机分布模型,实现了一般大气环境锈蚀钢材表面特征的准确模拟与重建。     

温度对SM80SS套管钢在CO2／H2S共存环境中的高温高压腐蚀行为影响

用失重法、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线能谱（EDS）及X射线能谱（Ⅺ①）对温度对SM80SS特级抗硫套管钢在CO2/H2S共存条件下的腐蚀行为进行了试验研究,结果表日月．在试验条件下,低温（40℃）时,腐蚀速率较小,腐蚀产物为FeCO3和FeS0.9,膜颗粒细小、比较致密,平均腐蚀速率较小;温度逐渐升高至100℃左右时,腐蚀产物为FeCO3和FeS0.9,膜颗粒粗大、疏松,平均腐蚀速率最大;高温（150℃）时,腐蚀速率较小,腐蚀产物为FeO（OH）和FeCO3、FeS0.9,膜颗粒较小、致密,但比低温时明显粗大,平均腐蚀速率较小;高低温时腐蚀产物都有较好的局部腐蚀阻碍作用,腐蚀形式为均匀腐蚀。     

低碳钢在酸雨环境中的腐蚀行为

研究了低碳钢在模拟酸雨环境下的腐蚀行为。结果表明,模拟酸雨环境中,低碳钢表面存在棉絮状和针状两种微观形貌,腐蚀产物主要有γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH和Fe3O4。低碳钢腐蚀速度先快后慢,并出现两种腐蚀坑。一种为蝶形腐蚀坑,另一种为向基体延伸的深而窄的腐蚀坑。     

油气田集输管线点腐蚀试验与评级研究

采用点腐蚀测深仪观察联合站内原油处理系统、天然气处理系统和污水处理系统管道腐蚀监测挂片的点腐蚀坑形貌,测量和采集点腐蚀坑相关数据,并对点腐蚀程度进行评级,分析不同腐蚀监测环境对点腐蚀坑的影响。结果表明：油、气、水处理系统管道腐蚀挂片在平均腐蚀都为轻度的范围内,点腐蚀程度逐步加重,通过点蚀评级和孔蚀系数的深入研究,为合理评价腐蚀监测挂片的腐蚀程度,对介质腐蚀性进行有效监测提供科学的技术支撑。     

腐蚀和腐蚀模型研究中的分形方法

根据该领域近期进展,介绍分形理论在腐蚀行为描述及腐蚀模型研究等领域的应用.具体分析了一些成功的事例,包括用分维值修正腐蚀波动性指标(如标准偏差),以便更好地描述腐蚀行为;观察腐蚀表面分形特征,如早期大气腐蚀中微液滴尺寸分布和腐蚀表面坑直径及深度分布,并获取分布分维指标;提出腐蚀图像分维的新计算法,并发现其二维分维D2D和三维分维D3D分别代表表面坑直径及深度的分布分维;建立基于分形动力学过程的腐蚀模型,预测金属在大气及土壤中的腐蚀发展,并揭示了分形模型和经验模型之间的参数关联.     

Morphological characteristics and geometric prediction model of pits in complex corrosion environment

For aircraft serving in coastal environments, the aluminum alloy skin is exposed to high temperature, humidity, and salt environment for a long time. Pitting and exfoliation will affect its normal service life. In this article, static salt spray experiments and electrochemical tests were carried out on 2198-T8 Al–Li alloy in nine different corrosive environments. The effects of salt concentration, temperature, and humidity on the corrosion behavior were analyzed and compared. The relationship between corrosion environment parameters and pits was established. The results show that, under the same corrosion environment, the length, width, and depth of the pits all follow the log-normal distribution; compared with the salt concentration and humidity, the increase in temperature has the most obvious promotion on the corrosion rate. Based on the frequency statistics of pit size and electrochemical test results, the pit morphology was simplified to a semiellipsoid geometric model, and the pit size in different corrosive environments was predicted. The predicted size data all fall within the 1.5-fold dispersion region.     

Pitting corrosion in low carbon steel influenced by remanent magnetization

A new type of experiment is performed using a closed magnetic circuit configuration in order to study the influence of the magnetic field on pitting corrosion in low carbon pipeline steel. The statistical assessment of the pitting corrosion data shows that the magnetic field in the material under test reduces the extreme pit depths and also the average depth of the pit population. It is proposed that reduction in pit depth under the influence of remanent magnetization can be explained based on the behavior of the paramagnetic corrosion products under the influence of the magnetic field gradient produced inside pits.     

Effects of stray AC on corrosion of 3-layer polyethylene coated X70 pipeline steel and cathodic delamination of coating with defects in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution

In this work, the effects of stray alternating current (AC) on the corrosion of coated X70 pipeline steel and the delamination of 3-layer polyethylene (3PE) coatings with defects were investigated using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and three-dimensional (3D) digital microscope techniques. The results showed that under the same level of AC interference, pits with deeper maximum pit depth were observed at the smaller defect areas than those at larger defect areas. It was consistent with the simulation results that a greater corrosion current density was accompanied on samples with smaller defects. According to 3D digital images, the larger delamination of 3PE coatings was found on samples with smaller defects. With the increase of current density, the impedance of samples with small defects decreased, while that of samples with large defects increased. Additionally, with the same defect size, the maximum pit depth became deeper and the corrosion was more severe.     

结构腐蚀损伤定量预测方法对比研究

用BP人工神经网络(artificial neural简称ANN)算法分别对飞机结构材料、lCrl7不锈钢腐蚀损伤数据进行学习训练，建立了腐蚀损伤与环境条件的映射模型，并预测腐蚀损伤值。分析了三种预测方法的预测精度。得到了ANN预测的精度比灰色GM(1，1)模型及Logistic模型的预测精度高，且对数据有较好的适应能力的结论；采用ANN技术定量预测飞机结构腐蚀损伤是一种较好工程方法。     

涂层破损时杂散电流对Q235、16Mn、X70钢腐蚀的影响

通过腐蚀速率测定、腐蚀形貌观察、腐蚀坑深度测量及分形维数计算等方法,研究了杂散电流作用下涂层破损率对Q235、16Mn和X70钢腐蚀的影响.结果表明,杂散电流作用下,Q235钢腐蚀程度最严重,16Mn次之,X70最小;随杂散电流增大和涂层破损率减小,腐蚀速率和腐蚀坑深度均相应增大,腐蚀程度加剧;根据"盒子"维法测定杂散电流腐蚀形貌的分形维数,反映的腐蚀规律与实测腐蚀速率吻合,分形维数可定量表征杂散电流腐蚀形貌.     

半椭球蚀坑对圆棒应力集中的影响

利用数值分析方法讨论了在轴向拉伸或弯曲载荷作用下,圆棒试件表面半椭球形蚀坑深径比 (a/2c) 对应力分布及应力集中系数 (K_t) 的影响。取蚀坑直径 (2c) 范围80~1200 μm,蚀坑深度 (a) 范围80~1100 μm,建立一系列具有表面半椭球蚀坑的三维圆棒模型,通过ANSYS模拟分析,发现应力集中系数受到蚀坑深径比和加载形式的影响。通过分析曲线变化趋势,得到K_t随a/2c的变化规律,并对照文献数据进行了验证分析,最后通过拟合得到了K_t与a/2c的数值计算公式。     

Characterisation of pitting corrosion by white light interferometry

An improved method is described for obtaining detailed information on the size and shape of many corrosion pits by examination with White Light Interferometry. The entire surface is first imaged at low resolution by automatically stitching individual images into one composite image. Specially written software analyses the image and determines the location of all corrosion pits. The program then guides the white light interferometer in making high resolution topographic images of each pit. The images are analyzed to give any desired data about the pit geometry, such as depth, maximum width, projected area, volume, etc. Curves showing the depth distribution for each pit can be generated along with detailed topographic images of all pits. The technique does not work for pits that undercut the surface, and there is a practical size limit of about 20 cm². The method is therefore best suited for studying the early stages of pit propagation.     

Markov chain modelling of pitting corrosion in underground pipelines

A continuous-time, non-homogenous linear growth (pure birth) Markov process has been used to model external pitting corrosion in underground pipelines. The closed form solution of Kolmogorov’s forward equations for this type of Markov process is used to describe the transition probability function in a discrete pit depth space. The identification of the transition probability function can be achieved by correlating the stochastic pit depth mean with the deterministic mean obtained experimentally. Monte-Carlo simulations previously reported have been used to predict the time evolution of the mean value of the pit depth distribution for different soil textural classes. The simulated distributions have been used to create an empirical Markov chain-based stochastic model for predicting the evolution of pitting corrosion depth and rate distributions from the observed properties of the soil. The proposed model has also been applied to pitting corrosion data from pipeline repeated in-line inspections and laboratory immersion experiments.