面向智能体的信息系统开发方法研究

智能体技术是近几年来发展起来的一种新的软件技术方法，将多Agent技术引入信息系统（Information System，IS）能使信息系统在新的管理模式中承担感知、协调、决策和指导的作用。文中介绍了智能体概况以及多智能体的几个关键性定义及发展状况，从特性角度、信息角度分析，信息系统适合用Agent技术来描述，从而着重介绍了智能体在两种信息系统中应用，通过分析可以看出多智能体引入信息系统是一种更为有效也是最有发展前途的一种方法。最后构想了未来面向智能体的信息系统开发方法。     

多智能体系统MAS及其应用

分布式人工智能的研究和网络化分布环境的普及,推动了Agent的理论、技术特别是多Agent的理论及其技术的进展.随着计算机科学的发展迅速趋于成熟,多智能体方法和技术在很多领域得到了广泛的应用.针对目前多智能体系统(MAS)的研究现状及存在的问题,运用系统工程的思想,给出了多智能体系统的研究思路与方法.从工程应用的角度出发,详细论述了Agent及MAS的特性、结构模型以及多智能体系统所使用的一种最常用的通讯语言--KQML,重点分析了多智能体技术在几个有代表性领域的应用.最后,对多智能体系统技术的应用前景做出了系统的分析与展望.     

移动智能体应用于网络信息系统

本文介绍了移动智能体的技术特征、一般运行模式及其技术实现手段,用JAVA技术实现了它的一种模型形式。详细介绍了移动智能体技术在网络信息系统纺织行业信息服务平台中的一些应用,该系统依照功能可以分为若干个自主智能实体-Agent,用Agent结构封装信息处理基本单元,这些Agent具有自治性/能动性强,主动合作性好等特点。针对Web信息处理系统的工作特点,运用移动智能体技术使Web服务器组达到动态负载平衡,使应用服务器组实现动态资源共享,构造了系统中几个关键部分的Agent信息流模型,确定了这种信息处理系统基本的工作模式。这种机制使Agent可以自主地根据所处环境及自身的状况,来自觉地调整下一步的运作,使系统有限的资源能够实时得到合理的调配利用。     

基于多智能体的人机协作智能信息系统

综合集成研讨厅理论体系是作为处理开放的复杂巨系统的有关问题而提出的,其实质 是一个人机协作的智能信息系统.本文主要探索研讨厅的实现途径,给出了基于网络的研讨厅的 层次模型与系统结构,提出了基于内嵌客户/Agent/服务器的请求器-中介器-供应器模型的多 智能体研讨厅的多层分布计算模型,并基于Java的智能信息Agent技术探讨了支持宏观经济决 策的多智能体研讨厅的构架及工作机制.研究表明,基于Internet有关技术与Agent计算技术有 可能实现研讨厅,并由于Agent技术的优势而可能得到较好的系统性能.     

多Agent在分布式数据挖掘中应用的研究

随着网络信息系统的日益扩大化,分布式数据挖掘越来越受到人们的重视。而采用多智能体的分布式数据挖掘技术,各子Agent之间不但履行各自的职责,还互相通信获得信息,协同完成任务,这解决了数据挖掘时所遇见的如网络带宽、数据私有性、数据保密性等诸多问题,为构建分布式数据挖掘系统提出了一个新的思路。本文主要介绍一种多A-gent分布式数据挖掘的应用模型,并对其中的各个模块进行了详细说明。     

多智能体社会

智能活动在很大程度上是一种社会现象,因此应该从社会角度研究MAS。为了自然清晰地描述多智能体社会,应该将其分为两个层次:Agent层和角色层,Agent层包含承担社会角色的所有智能体,而对于描述社会结构的角色层,提出了一个社会结构的抽象模型,用广义相关性分析了结构中的角色关系,并以此分析了多智能体社会中存在的两种主要的结构形式。     

一类复杂适应系统的建模研究

引入复杂适应系统理论,将股市、房地产系统视为一类复杂适应系统。采用多智能体方法进行建模,设计随机决策Agent、模仿Agent、BP神经网络Agent等模块,引入订单簿技术实现Agent之间的信息交互。通过仿真模拟该类复杂系统的动态演化过程,验证了模型的有效性。     

基于Agent技术的智能体网格的研究

Agent能够感知外界环境的动态变化,而支持动态环境变化是网格的基本要求之一。把Agent技术引入到网格计算中,通过对Agent技术的特点和优点的分析,给出智能体网格的概念和体系结构,阐明Agent在智能体网格中,既充当Grid的使能器,又作为其功能享受者的特殊作用,最后,提出Agent技术在基于开放网格服务体系结构（OGSA）的网格计算中的应用模型。     

一种智能办公环境无线网络系统的研究

目前,国内建筑中的网络主要以有线形式为主,安装麻烦、不易扩展。为了提高建筑环境控制的智能性,提供一个舒适、节能的办公环境,本文研究了智能办公环境的无线网络系统的构建问题,提出了一种基于多智能体(Agent)技术、ZigBee无线网络技术、模糊Q学习算法的无线网络系统。设计了系统的网络结构和多Agent系统模型,分析了模型中各种Agent的设计和通信方法,给出了系统的软硬件平台设计方案。最后进行了实验分析,验证了引入多Agent模糊Q学习加快了系统学习进程。另外设计了测试方案进行系统网络性能测试,测试结果表明该网络系统的丢包率较低。因此,系统具有可应用性。     

智能Agent在指挥控制系统中的应用

针对指挥系统对指挥过程并行性和协作性的需求,将多Agent技术引入战术指挥控制系统,使战术指挥控制系统指挥决策智能化。简要介绍智能指挥系统需求及基于智能体的战术指挥系统总体框架,主要研究指挥系统中智能体的划分原则及其功能,并探讨基于多Agent的战术指挥系统基本流程。     

Knowledge-based management support: an application to the IS change agent role problem

This paper explores how the change agent role problem can be detected and alleviated with the help of a knowledge-based support tool. The mismatch between MIS specialist change agent role style and IS environment is a complex problem to solve. The problem results when the MIS specialist's role outlines responsibilities that cannot possibly manage the change and related uncertainty surrounding an IS initiative. MIS specialists are classified by change agent roles that reflect varying types of responsibility for social and technological change. Evaluation of IS environment constructs provide the MIS specialist with a formal way to compare the different IS change agent roles to moderate IS uncertainty, thereby increasing the likelihood of IS success. The relevant IS change agentry relationships are identified from a literature review. Results from a multiple case study were used to develop and validate a conceptual model of the IS change agentry application domain. Based on this model, a suitable knowledge representation scheme is developed that provides a high level structure to the IS change agent role application domain and also guides the reasoning process. The proposed approach supports the interpretation of domain relationships applicable when choosing among change agent roles. Therefore, it could be used by IS specialists proactively to facilitate the analysis of complex domain facts prior to committing resources to a change agent role. The approach is illustrated with case data. Managerial implications of the study are discussed.     

An extension of the tri-core model of information systems innovation: strategic and technological moderators

There has been significant empirical work on information systems (IS) innovation. With the advent of a myriad of new and diverse technologies being introduced into contemporary organizations this work is only going to increase in its importance. Unfortunately, results of prior empirical work have been fragmented. Many of these studies treat IS innovations as homogeneous entities and do not effectively integrate notions of IS innovation with general organizational innovation. Swanson (1994) proposes a tri-core model and theory of IS innovation that can help integrate the isolated studies in this area, and can form the foundation on which future study of IS innovation can be based. This paper, in the spirit of a cumulative research tradition, presents and builds on Swanson's framework by incorporating contingencies that might affect the model. Specifically, notions of strategy (strategic push) and technology impact are discussed in the context of the framework. We hope that continued inquiry into this area will facilitate formulation of rich theory that will enable focused inquiry on IS innovation.     

Disruptive information system innovation: the case of internet computing

Abstract. Information system (IS) innovation can be defined as a novel organizational application of digital computer and information communication technologies (ICT). This paper discusses how modalities of applying ICT technologies in their form and scope exhibit radical breaks, which are introduced herein as ‘disruptive IS innovations’. This notion of disruptive IS innovation is developed by drawing upon and extending Swanson's (1994) theory of IS innovation as well as the concept of radical innovation. Disruptive innovations strongly influence the future trajectory of the adoption and use of ICT in organizational contexts and make the trajectory deviate from its expected course. In doing so, these disruptive innovations distinctly define what an IS is and how it is deployed in order to address current and future organizational and managerial prerogatives. Such changes are triggered breakthroughs in the capability of ICT that lead to the revision and expansion of associated cognitive models (frames) of computing. Disruptive IS innovations are those that lead to changes in the application of ICT that are both pervasive and radical. The pervasive nature implies that innovative activity spans all innovation subsets of the quad‐core model of IS innovation introduced herein. Innovation types include: IS use and development processes; application architecture and capability; and base technologies. Radical in nature, disruptive is innovations depart in significant ways from existing alternatives and lead to deviation from expected use and diffusion trajectory. This paper demonstrates the importance of a concept of disruptive IS innovation by investigating how changes triggered by internet computing (Lyytinen et al., 1998) meet the conditions of a disruptive IS innovation defined herein. The analysis also affirms both the pervasive and radical nature of internet computing and explains how internet computing has fundamentally transformed the application portfolio, development practices and IS services over time. The analysis demonstrates that, with the concept of disruptive IS innovation, we can fruitfully analyse ‘long’ waves of ICT evolution – an issue that has largely been overlooked in the IS community. On a theoretical plane, the paper advocates the view that we need to look beyond linear, unidirectional, and atomistic concepts of the diffusion of IS innovations where innovative activity takes places in a linear fashion by oscillating between small technological innovations and small organizational innovations. In contrast, IS innovation can exhibit fundamental discontinuity; we need to theoretically grasp such disruptive moments. The recent influx of innovation, spurred by internet‐based technology, offers one such moment.     

Improving scale adaptation practices in information systems research: Development and validation of a cognitive validity assessment method

Scale adaptation, where authors alter the wording of an already published scale, is a deeply rooted social practice in IS research. This paper argues that the time is ripe to question this activity as well as the beliefs that have progressively formed around it. We identify and challenge five fallacious scale adaptation beliefs that hinder the development of more robust measure development norms. Contributing to this area of research, this paper offers a conceptual definition of the cognitive validity concept, defined as the extent to which a scale is free of problematic item characteristics (PICs) that bias the survey response process and subsequent empirical results. Building on this conceptualization effort, a new methodological process for assessing the cognitive validity of adapted IS measures is introduced. Through a series of three programmatic studies, we find converging evidence that the method can benefit the IS field by making the scale adaptation process more robust, transparent, and consistent. Along with the method, we introduce a new index that IS scholars can use to benchmark the cognitive quality of their scales against venerable IS measures. We discuss the implications of our work for IS research (including detailed implementation guidelines) and provide directions for future research on measurement in IS.     

Why situational method engineering is useful to information systems development

Effective methods and methodologies for building information systems (IS) remain crucial to building successful IS. This paper investigates the use of situational method engineering for IS development (ISD) projects in a professional bureaucracy. This specialist organization methodology (SOM) is built starting with the philosophy of ISD moving through to flexible, amethodical implementation methods, a proposed instance of situational method engineering that is targeted towards professional bureaucracies. An in‐depth philosophical discussion of the ontological, epistemological, research methodological and ethical underpinnings of SOM are outlined, in addition to its limitations, to develop the building blocks of a methodology to implement within a professional bureaucracy organization ISD scenario. Amethodical ISD will be introduced as the appropriate way to implement this developed methodology to build a successful IS. The contribution of this paper is to detail how to develop a philosophically consistent methodology for a specific organizational environment (in this case, using the specific organizational example of a professional bureaucracy) that, when combined with developers and tools, can create a method to be applied to build an IS that has a greater possibility of successful organizational adoption than an IS built using a method devised using more common IS method engineering approaches.     

An intelligent agent-based architecture for strategic information system applications

Strategic information systems (SIS) focus on the use of information system (IS) and information technology (IT) in the strategic management process in business organizations. The emphasis is on the strategic view of IS and IT and their impact on organizational strategy. Increased competition and advances in information technologies push for considerable structural changes in SIS. Agents, as autonomous entities which either work on their own or cooperate with others, and agent architectures have enormous potentials to be applied in such critical systems. In this article, first we investigate the very fundamental concepts of strategic information systems and intelligent agent technology. Then, the discussion continues on the specification of the characteristics and implementation issues of a typical SIS. Afterwards, we make use of these concepts and integrate them into a state-of-the-art, intelligent architecture for strategic information systems, called intelligent agent-based SIS. This is a comprehensive framework for a SIS in IT era which may be put into practice by a team of professionals in the near future. The graphical representation of this model is intended to help the reader understand the concept much better. After explaining the suggested model in full details, we introduce some support agents and specify their corresponding roles in an intelligent agent-based SIS architecture. Discussions and concluding remarks regarding the proposed system are provided at the end of the paper.     

IS算法及其在线性分组码仿真中的应用

该文用IS方法对在消息传播译码算法下的线性分组码进行了仿真分析。重点分析了SPC码和LDPC码在IS方法下的仿真情况,并比较了LDPC码在IS和MC两种仿真方法下的性能。     

入侵检测系统中的智能化方法

入侵检测系统很好地弥补了访问控制、身份认证等传统机制所不能解决的问题。目前的入侵检测技术正处在第一代技术向下一代技术的过渡时期,未来的入侵检测研究需要融合其他学科和技术领域的知识,充分利用许多成熟的信息智能处理技术。文中讨论和研究了三种典型的智能检测技术,其中对统计学方法、专家系统进行了总体概述,重点阐述数据挖掘技术中的关联规则分析、序列模式分析和数据分类分析的工作原理。     

STRATEGIC BUSINESS PLANNING Aligning Business Goals with Technology

For strategic business planning to be successful in the prevailing competitive business environment, current and future technology needs must be considered. In many organizations, it is the responsibility of the IS manager to ensure that the information systems support these business needs. The IS manager must have a clear understanding of the organization's strategic business plan and must tailor IS projects to meet that plan's objectives. Enterprisewide information management and enterprise analysis can help the IS manager understand the business strategy and predict the effects of technology on that strategy.     

A review of the factors which influence the use and usefulness of information systems

The potential usefulness of different kinds of Information System (IS) for environmental management is well recognised. However, concerns have been raised about the translation of this potential into actual use and benefit to policy and planning organisations and outcomes. The aims of this paper are to identify those factors which have been found to influence the use and usefulness of IS and in doing so to provide advice for managing development and implementation processes. There is no body of empirical work on the topic for environmental application. However a substantial literature on non-environmental IS has been developed and is used as source material. A classification of IS life cycle processes is developed and the best, worst and possible predicting factors for each process identified. The best predicting factors for IS usefulness across the life cycle were found to be user participation, user perceptions and intentions, user computer experience, top management support, support and training, external pressure, IS unit professionalism and the availability of external information sources. The state of knowledge about the determinants of IS usefulness is discussed and priorities for future research are identified. The factors identified are then discussed in terms of what they mean for managing IS development and for overcoming concerns about environmental IS development and use.