护理干预对血液透析患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨护理干预对血液透析患者生活质量的影响。方法回顾性分析我院近年来收治的150例血液透析患者的临床资料,比较分析护理干预前后患者生活质量评分。结果实施护理干预后,150例血液透析患者的物质生活状况、躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能4个维度评分明显升高,与干预前比较,(P<0.05),有显著性差异。由此可见,良好的护理干预可以明显提高血液透析患者的生活质量。结论实施护理干预可以明显提高血液透析患者的生活质量,值得临床推广。     

医院颅脑外伤患者的护理

通过回顾性总结2007年1月-2009年7月期间雅江县人民医院接收救治的49例颅脑外伤患者的急救与护理经验,探讨颅脑外伤患者的护理方法,达到有效减轻患者病情,减少并发症的发生,提高治愈率的目的。     

护理干预对直肠癌麦氏术生活质量的影响

目的探讨护理干预对直肠癌麦氏术患者生活质量的影响。方法将病理确诊且手术方式确定的80例直肠癌患者随即分成2组,对照组采用常规护理,干预组在常规护理的基础上实施有效的心理护理,建立社会、家庭支持系统,音乐疗法,造口护理指导,化疗期间的健康教育等护理干预。结果12周后干预组的生活质量评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论护理干预可显著降低患者焦虑抑郁情绪,提高生活质量。     

护理干预对膀胱造瘘病人生活质量的影响

目的探讨护理干预对膀胱造瘘病人生活质量的影响。方法将60例病人随机分为对照组和实验组,前者按护理常规护理,后者则采取全面的护理干预。通过问卷调查、现场观察及患者检查资料来收集患者生活质量数据,进行统计分析。结果护理干预组患者生活质量明显高于对照组。结论对膀胱造瘘病人进行护理干预,可提高其生活质量。     

护理干预对改善肠易激综合征患者生活质量的研究

目的了解护理干预对提高肠易激综合征患者生活质量的作用。方法对本院2006年4月至2008年4月间的60例肠易激综合征患者进行了生活质量调查,并通过护理干预的方法对患者实施认知、饮食、心理及行为进行干预,并与60例健康者做对照,随访6个月。结果从本组病例评定结果显示,患者干预前后SAS、SDS得分与健康组进行比较,P<0.05,差异有显著性,具有统计学意义。在应对能力方面,肠易激综合征患者的积极应对明显低于对照组,而消极应对明显高于对照组,而且焦虑积分越高,越倾向于采取消极应对策略。结论护理干预可改善患者的心理状态,使其以积极的心态战胜疾病,提高患者生活质量。     

家庭护理干预对提高慢性心衰病人生活质量的影响

目的提高慢性心衰病人的生活能力和生活质量。方法将出院1个月内的慢性心衰病人64例,随机分为对照组和实验组各32例。对照组按常规定期复查(第1,2,4月回医院复查),实验组在此基础上由主管护师定期家访和电话访问进行家庭护理干预,4个月后对两组患者进行生活质量的评定。结果通过护理干预,实验组评分显著优于对照组(P<0.01),实验组病人生活质量高于干预前(P<0.05),差异有显著性意义。结论通过护理干预,可有效提高慢性心衰病人的心理、躯体、社会功能和对疾病知识的认知,提高患者的生活质量。     

颅脑损伤病人的护理

目的 探讨颅脑损伤的最佳护理方法,总结护理经验.方法 通过对22例颅脑损伤病人根据病情.制定了周密的护理计划,采取了有效的护理措施并进行临床总结.结果 加强了专科及基础护理,防止了并发症发生,收到了良好的护理效果.     

颅脑外伤患者住院期间失眠症状表现调查

目的调查颅脑外伤患者住院期间的失眠症状表现。方法连续选择近期住院的脑外伤患者95例,使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI)评估他们住院期间的失眠症状表现和睡眠质量,并与同龄、同性别健康人比较。结果95例脑外伤患者住院期间出现在睡眠紊乱患者43例(45.26%)。脑外伤组的睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物等条目评分和PSQI总分均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05～0.01)。结论脑外伤患者住院期间存在明显的失眠症状表现。     

110例重型颅脑损伤患者护理体会

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤的护理效果。方法回顾性分析110例重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料。结果治愈出院80例,右侧肢体功能活动受限、语言表达不清18例,死亡12例。死亡病例均为脑疝形成病例,存活率89%。结论掌握颅脑损伤的基本知识,准确判断损伤的程度,及时准确的治疗及护理,对降低死亡率,促进颅脑损伤患者的愈后至关重要。     

颅脑损伤病人并发症的护理

颅脑损伤是神经外科常见的疾病,具有突变、易变、多变的特点,并发症多、救治困难,死亡率高.精心、合理、有效的护理并发症,是提高治愈率,降低死亡率的重要保证.     

大鼠颅脑外伤后生长相关蛋白在中枢神经系统的表达

目的观察大鼠颅脑外伤后生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)在中枢神经系统表达的变化,为探讨颅脑外伤后神经元再生和修复机制及临床应用药物治疗颅脑外伤提供理论依据。方法采用液压冲击法建立大鼠脑外伤模型,同时设正常对照组和假手术对照组。成模后取额皮质及海马部位,应用HE染色法观察额皮质区和海马CA1区的病理学改变,免疫组化法检测GAP-43的表达。结果轻、中、重度损伤组大鼠脑组织均出现明显的病理学改变,各损伤组大鼠创伤性颅脑外伤(TBI)后,额皮质区及海马CA1区均于12 h开始出现GAP-43表达增强,3 d后明显增强,1周达高峰,2周时开始降低。GAP-43的免疫反应产物的实际累积光密度值(CIOD)值在TBI 12 h后各时间点均明显高于同期的正常对照组和假手术对照组,中、重度损伤组CIOD值在TBI12 h后明显高于同期轻度损伤组。结论大鼠TBI后,GAP-43的表达增强;TBI损伤越重,其GAP-43的表达越强。     

Morphology-controlled therapeutic activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles for mild traumatic brain injury

The design and optimization of nanostructures with unique morphologies and properties are at the forefront of biomedical nanotechnology. Cerium oxides are widely used to investigate the effect of morphology on performance. However, elucidating the morphology–activity relationship of cerium oxide nanocrystals in biomedical applications remains challenging. Herein, the therapeutic effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles with different morphologies: cerium oxide nanorods with two different aspect ratios (CeO_x NRs_A and CeO_x NRs_B), cerium oxide nanopolyhedra (CeO_x NPs), and cerium oxide nanocubes (CeO_x NCs) are investigated in in vivo and in vitro mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) models. Cerium oxide nanoparticles inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation after mild TBI, alleviating cognitive impairment; furthermore, the therapeutic effect is significantly affected by their morphology. Owing to the higher Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ratio, exposure of more active crystal surfaces, and greater number of exposed oxygen vacancies, CeO_x NRs show better activity than CeO_x NPs and CeO_x NCs for mild TBI. Among the two investigated types of cerium oxide nanorods, CeO_x NRs_A, with a higher Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ratio on the surface, appear to spread better than CeO_x NRs_B in the injured lesions. The factors causing morphology-controlled biomedical performance, such as Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ molar ratio, surface area, and aspect ratio, are discussed.     

Role of Bevacizumab on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice after Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is believed to play a key role in TBI and to be overexpressed in the absence of apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor, demonstrated neuroprotective activity in several models of TBI. However, the effects of bevacizumab on Apo-E deficient mice are not well studied. The present study aimed to evaluate VEGF expression and the effects of bevacizumab on BBB and neuroinflammation in ApoE^−/− mice undergoing TBI. Furthermore, for the first time, this study evaluates the effects of bevacizumab on the long-term consequences of TBI, such as atherosclerosis. The results showed that motor deficits induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) were accompanied by increased brain edema and VEGF expression. Treatment with bevacizumab significantly improved motor deficits and significantly decreased VEGF levels, as well as brain edema compared to the control group. Furthermore, the results showed that bevacizumab preserves the integrity of the BBB and reduces the neuroinflammation induced by TBI. Regarding the effects of bevacizumab on atherosclerosis, it was observed for the first time that its ability to modulate VEGF in the acute phase of head injury prevents the acceleration of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the present study demonstrates not only the neuroprotective activity of bevacizumab but also its action on the vascular consequences related to TBI.     

烘炉质量对耐火混凝土炉顶使用寿命的影响

制磷电炉是黄磷生产装置的关键设备 ,耐火混凝土炉顶是电炉的重要组成部分 ,介绍炉顶结构特点和技术要求。分析耐火混凝土的主要性能 ,阐述烘炉的目的、要求 ,提出烘炉的关键技术与措施 ,指出烘炉过程中存在的问题。建议烘炉时应加强技术管理 ,注意安全生产。     

泵用机械密封安装和使用的注意事项

介绍机械密封安装前的准备工作、安装过程、机械密封安装后泵开车前后所做的工作,以延长机械密封的使用寿命为目的,归纳提出一系列注意事项.     

对电子病历档案实行全面质量管理的探讨

简述了对电子病历档案实行全面质量管理的特点、要求和原则,探讨了电子病历档案实行全程科学管理的方法,以更好地推进病历档案全面质量管理工作的措施与对策。     

早期CT环池形态变化与急性颅脑损伤病人预后关系的研究

目的前瞻性研究急性颅脑损伤患者早期CT扫描征象的环池形态和中脑变形程度与病人预后的关系,以指导临床的治疗。方法对132例病人早期CT扫描,在中脑水平准确测量环池宽度,分6个组记录数据。同时观测中脑有无变形及测量其前后径与横径之比。治疗后按GOS标准,随访3个月,评定疗效。结果通过比较,环池宽度>1mm者有较佳的预后;中脑无变形及前后径与横径之比为0.9∶1.1者的预后较佳。结论研究得出,环池形态、中脑受压变形能作为急性颅脑损伤患者预后判断的指标,并为临床医师治疗方案提供重要依据。     

Long-Term Effects of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Injury on the Visual System in Wild-Type and TDP-43 Transgenic Mice

Little is known about the impairments and pathological changes in the visual system in mild brain trauma, especially repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The goal of this study was to examine and compare the effects of repeated head impacts on the neurodegeneration, axonal integrity, and glial activity in the optic tract (OT), as well as on neuronal preservation, glial responses, and synaptic organization in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and superior colliculus (SC), in wild-type mice and transgenic animals with overexpression of human TDP-43 mutant protein (TDP-43^G348C) at 6 months after repeated closed head traumas. Animals were also assessed in the Barnes maze (BM) task. Neurodegeneration, axonal injury, and gliosis were detected in the OT of the injured animals of both genotypes. In the traumatized mice, myelination of surviving axons was mostly preserved, and the expression of neurofilament light chain was unaffected. Repetitive mTBI did not induce changes in the LGN and the SC, nor did it affect the performance of the BM task in the traumatized wild-type and TDP-43 transgenic mice. Differences in neuropathological and behavioral assessments between the injured wild-type and TDP-43^G348C mice were not revealed. Results of the current study suggest that repetitive mTBI was associated with chronic damage and inflammation in the OT in wild-type and TDP-43^G348C mice, which were not accompanied with behavioral problems and were not affected by the TDP-43 genotype, while the LGN and the SC remained preserved in the used experimental conditions.     

Expression of Doublecortin,Glial Fibrillar Acidic Protein,and Vimentin in the Intact Subpallium and after Traumatic Injury to the Pallium in Juvenile Salmon,Oncorhynchus masou

Fetalization associated with a delay in development and the preservation of the features of the embryonic structure of the brain dominates the ontogeny of salmonids. The aim of the present study was to comparatively analyze the distribution of the glial-type aNSC markers such as vimentin and glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and the migratory neuronal precursors such as doublecortin in the telencephalon subpallium of juvenile masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, in normal conditions and at 1 week after an injury to the dorsal pallium. Immunohistochemical labeling of vimentin, GFAP, and doublecortin in the pallium of intact juvenile masu salmon revealed single cells with similar morphologies corresponding to a persistent pool of neuronal and/or glial progenitors. The study of the posttraumatic process showed the presence of intensely GFAP-labeled cells of the neuroepithelial type that form reactive neurogenic zones in all areas of the subpallial zone of juvenile masu salmon. A comparative analysis of the distribution of radial glia in the dorsal, ventral, and lateral zones of the subpallium showed a maximum concentration of cells in the dorsal part of subpallium (VD) and a minimum concentration in the lateral part of subpallium VL. An essential feature of posttraumatic immunolabeling in the masu salmon subpallium is the GFAP distribution patterns that are granular intracellular in the apical periventricular zone (PVZ) and fibrillar extracellular in the subventricular (SVZ) and parenchymal zones (PZ). In contrast to those in intact animals, most of the GFAP+ granules and constitutive neurogenic niches in injured fish were localized in the basal part of the PVZ. With the traumatic injury to the subpallium, the number of Vim+ cells in the lateral and ventral regions significantly increased. At 1 week post-injury, the total immunolabeling of vimentin cells in the PVZ was replaced by the granular pattern of Vim immunodistribution spreading from the PVZ to the SVZ and deeper parenchymal layers of the brain in all areas of the subpallium. A significant increase in the number of DC+ cells was observed also in all areas of the subpallium. The number of cells increased both in the PVZ and in the SVZ, as well as in the deeper PZ. Thus, at 1 week after the injury to the dorsal pallium, the number of DC, Vim, and GFAP expressing cells of the neuroepithelial type in the subpallium of juvenile masu salmon increased, and additionally GFAP+ radial glia appeared in VD, which was absent from intact animals.