一种新的红外与可见光图像融合与跟踪方法

多传感器图像融合技术在目标检测与跟踪领域中有广泛应用。提出了一种红外与可见光图像的新颖的特征级融合与运动目标跟踪方法。将目标轮廓用动态轮廓线表示,在目标跟踪过程中对于两类模式图像中的目标轮廓控制点向量,利用 B 样条形状空间模型将目标轮廓的特征级融合转换为控制点向量差的 L2 范数平方极小化。这种方法不需要图像配准,降低了融合的计算复杂度。同时,使用了自适应 Kalman 滤波技术,提高了动态轮廓线特征搜索的准确性。对比跟踪实验表明,融合后可见光图像的平均跟踪误差减小了 56.96%。     

基于支持向量机的红外成像跟踪算法

为提高传统红外成像跟踪算法的性能,克服相关跟踪对"图像灰度一致性"的要求,在分析光流方程和支持向量机基本理论的基础上,提出一种由光流方程引出的基于支持向量机的成像跟踪算法.以机动车的红外图像序列为研究对象,该算法利用支持向量机的分类值替代方差和误差函数,将每帧中分类值最大的位置看作当前帧中目标的位置,从而实现了对目标的跟踪.该算法不仅不要求满足"图像灰度一致性",而且有效地减少了跟踪的累积误差.研究结果表明,与传统相关跟踪算法相比,本文提出的跟踪算法的精度、稳定度和鲁棒性都有所提高.     

微分演化算法在结构参数识别中的应用

基于微分演化算法(Differential Evolution,DE)提出一种新的结构参数识别方法。通过对参数识别反问题转化为一个优化问题,根据实际观测结构响应数据与数值模型系统输出之间的差异建立识别问题的目标函数。利用DE求解该目标函数的全局最小,从而得到最优参数解。DE算法是一种新颖的随机搜索进化算法,通过采取全局优化的策略确保算法得到合理的解。DE算法具有算法简单、编程计算方便、同时收敛速度快、计算结果精度高、和鲁棒性强的优点。通过数值模拟及该识别方法在真实结构参数识别中的应用验证该方法的有效性。     

基于UKF的简化交互多模型视频图像机动目标跟踪算法

在视频图像运动目标的状态估计与跟踪问题中,常用的扩展卡尔曼(EKF)算法简单、计算量小,但仅适用于弱非线性和弱高斯环境下.本文提出一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)与简化交互多模型(IMM算法相结合的视频图像运动目标跟踪算法,有效地克服了EKF算法在强非线性状态下或对小运动目标跟踪时精度低,容易发散的问题.仿真结果表明,该算法估计和跟踪非线性目标的性能明显优于基于EKF算法,其跟踪精度可达到三阶(泰勒级数展开)精度.     

无重叠视域中多目标最优路径集合的数据关联

针对无重叠视域中难以将运动目标与时空因素发生关联或关联后难以求解问题,提出了采用最优路径的数据关联算法并用离散蚁群算法进行了求解。算法首先利用贝叶斯网络,将目标外观匹配相似度、空间约束和时间约束三者融合,把数据关联问题转换为网络中最优路径的选择问题;其次,把路径间样本对的平均相似度设为评价函数,评价函数取最大值时的路径就是最优路径;最后,根据目标的出现在时间和空间存在离散性的特点,用离散粒子群算法求解最优路径,并用粒子编码记录目标运动路径。本算法在由五个摄像机构成的网络中对运动目标进行跟踪仿真,结果表明能有效地求解多目标的最优路径集合,获取了目标在网络中的运动轨迹,实现了接力跟踪,具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于空气阻力因子估计的乒乓机器人精确轨迹跟踪

乒乓机器人轨迹跟踪中,由于摄像机成像畸变、目标高速运动造成的成像模糊和空气阻力等不确定因素会导致跟踪误差.针对这些问题,本文提出一种基于空气"阻力因子"估计的轨迹跟踪算法.该方法结合了Kalman滤波器快速高效的跟踪优点,先从空气动力学模型推导出"阻力因子"项,并将其引入状态向量,重新对增广的状态向量进行非线性特征建模,再采用针对非线性估计的扩展Kalman滤波算法进行状态估计.实验结果表明,该算法跟踪精度优于传统轨迹跟踪算法(速度误差由±0.5m/s减少为±0.2m/s),并具有数值计算的实时性和高效性.     

PI参数自动寻优控制器设计

针对传统比例-积分-微分(PID)控制器参数整定困难的问题,提出一种新型比例-积分(PI)参数自动寻优控制器(SPO).先确定PI参数的取值范围,按一定取值间距建立PI参数的查找表;针对反馈跟踪控制的3个性能指标,包括上升时间、超调量和稳态误差,分别根据查找表的参数进行轮询式测试,建立3个独立的性能评价数据库;根据满意度函数映射和自动规则产生算法,将3个评价数据库分别用函数表示;为了综合考虑3个性能指标,使系统控制的整体性能达到最佳,引入了价格函数;最后通过基于层截面颗粒度分析的图形算法,寻找出最优的PI参数.在原子力显微镜(AFM)上的实验证明,本控制器能自动寻找出适合当前系统状态的最优PI参数,可避免由于人为经验因素对扫描成像造成的影响,从而取得更好的扫描图像.     

基于天牛须改进粒子群算法的平面度误差评定研究

基于天牛须改进粒子群算法(BAS-PSO)对平面度误差进行了评定研究.首先,建立基于最小区域的平面度误差评定的数学模型,并将目标函数转化为非线性最优化问题;接着,在粒子群算法(PSO)的基础上,引人局部搜索能力较强的天牛须算法(BAS),加速全局搜索和局部搜索的并行计算,避免算法早熟收敛并陷入局部最优,提高平面度误差评...     

基于DSP的主动视觉运动目标跟踪策略及实现

设计了一种基于TMS320DM642的单目主动视觉运动目标自动跟踪系统,该系统采用了一种期望极大化(Expectation Maximization,EM)自适应窗口的运动目标跟踪方法.本方法以考虑了像素空间位置信息的混合高斯模型建立目标的灰度特征模板,然后通过EM算法迭代估计出使每帧似然函数最大化的分布参数值,这些参数不但可确定出跟踪目标在图像序列中的位置和形状尺寸,而且为单目摄像机的自动变焦和基于分区逻辑的摇摆运动提供了控制信息.实验表明:系统可以自动而稳定地跟踪具有复杂运动状态的目标,对320pixelsx240pixels的图像可实现平均约20 frame/s的跟踪速度.     

融合SIFT特征的压缩跟踪算法

本文提出一种新的融合SIFT(尺度不变特征)和压缩特征的目标跟踪算法以解决姿态变换、光照变化、旋转和运动模糊下目标的稳定准确跟踪问题。算法使用压缩特征对目标和背景进行描述,通过在图像帧中采集到的正负样本在线训练和学习SVM(支持向量机)分类器,将跟踪任务构建为一个二类分类问题。使用该分类器对下一帧的目标和背景进行分类,从而获得精确的目标位置和区域。同时,算法使用前后两帧的SIFT特征点之间的对应匹配关系求解目标尺寸变化值,实现模板大小的自适应调整。将算法与其他算法在某些图像序列上的跟踪比较显示,该算法在有效性、正确性和鲁棒性上性能优越。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.