随机误差对雷达阵列天线低副瓣波束影响的分析

低副瓣阵列天线是现代雷达的普遍要求,但低副瓣天线的方向图指标通常受随机误差影响较大,设计时若不充分考虑随机误差对这些指标的影响,将会对实际结果产生较大影响.针对上述问题,提出了一种适合于雷达阵列天线低副瓣波束的幅相随机误差分析方法,可确定低副瓣波束Taylor综合的合理副辫值和满足副瓣指标要求的幅相误差,并分析了幅相误差对阵列方向系数及波束指向的影响.仿真结果表明:该方法可靠有效,可为天线阵面和馈电网络设计以及安装精度提供依据.     

通道幅相误差对数字阵列天线性能影响及校准

为实现低副瓣数字阵列天线性能,需要对阵面通道幅相误差进行校准。针对此问题,定性分析了通道幅相误差、阵面通道数与数字阵列天线主要性能(副瓣电平、波束指向、增益)的相对关系,分析结果表明:通道间幅相误差越大,副瓣电平、波束指向、增益越差;通道数越多,副瓣电平、波束指向受通道误差影响越小,而增益受通道幅相误差的影响与阵面通道数无关。结合数字阵雷达实际使用中阵面通道幅相误差修调问题,重点研究了通道误差测量方法。给出了利用内监测法和中场测量法进行通道误差测量的原理、实现方法及适用条件,该2种通道误差测量方法可以作为互补手段使用。最后,给出了一种基于多次测量取平均值的数字阵列幅相误差校准方法,仿真结果表明:校准前后,通道幅相误差分别由2 d B和20°变为0.4 d B和2°,满足指标要求。     

一种用PN码校正相控阵天线通道误差的新方法

为了校准相控阵天线通道间幅相误差,实现精确的数字波束形成,给出了一种用伪噪声序列(PN)码作为校准测试信号的在线校准方法(校准和通信可同时进行)。该方法由特定的校准站发送校准测试信号,被天线各阵元接收,并通过存在误差的各通道,在接收端用与发端相同的PN码作为本地信号与接收信号逐通道做相关运算,对各通道的相关峰值做比较可求出校准矢量进而完成校准。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效校准相控阵天线通道间的幅相误差,校准后的波束方向图接近理想的波束方向图。     

星载DBF Tx射频通道幅相误差校正

为了实现精确的多波束形成,该文提出了一种补偿卫星通信多波束系统发射通道幅相误差的校正方法,该方法在发射通道中同时注入多路正交码变换的校正测试信号,通过接收多路发射机的输出信号和,在基带校正算法单元利用正交码的时间相关性和IDFT并行处理的方法,同时得到多路射频通道的校正因子,并对得到的校正因子进行了归一化处理,消除了对通道中非线性器件的影响.仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地补偿射频通道间的幅相不一致性,校正后的波束方向图接近理想的波束方向图.     

基于幅相线性约束的自适应和差波束形成方法研究

阵列雷达自适应和差波束单脉冲测角面临信号对消、训练样本有限、波束保形及零点约束困难等问题.针对上述问题,本文提出基于幅相线性约束的自适应和差波束形成方法.该方法通过增加对主瓣临近角度的幅相线性约束条件,有效的克服和波束信号对消的现象;通过引入相位约束条件,使得差波束的在主瓣方向逼近静态差波束,具有良好的稳健性.同时通过合理的设计幅相约束条件实现了单脉冲和差波束测角二维解耦合.仿真实验验证了本文方法的有效性.     

幅相误差对阵列天线相位中心的影响分析

为精确预测阵列天线相位中心的特性, 研究了阵列口径的幅相误差对阵列天线相位中心的影响.对阵列天线相位中心的求解方法进行了简要论述, 得出了阵列天线相位中心的计算方法; 采用该方法对一个算例阵列进行仿真计算, 分别引入均匀分布和正态分布的幅相误差, 计算得出不同类型幅相误差造成的天线相位中心变化.分析计算结果可以得出, 幅相误差对阵列天线相位中心可造成显著影响, 并且该影响与幅相误差分布类型和误差限有关.该研究结论可用于指导高精度阵列天线的设计.     

阵列天线近场校准方法及在波束形成中的应用

大型相控阵天线阵列由于天线口径很大,给天线远场测试带来很多困难,天线近场测试方法可以有效解决这类问题。本文在实际工程中利用天线近场测试方法对大型天线阵列的幅相误差进行了测试及校准。试验结果表明,此方法可以用于评估阵列天线的一致性。波束形成后,相对于接收机闭环校准,天线误差校准可以明显降低旁瓣,并且测角偏差明显减少,在短波低频段表现尤为突出。     

一种基于波束-频域处理的自适应波束形成方法

在天波超视距雷达中 ,通道之间的频响不一致影响了自适应波束形成的性能。去斜处理使得不同距离对应于不同频率 ,故不同距离单元的幅相不一致性与不同的频率相对应。经距离维FFT处理后 ,各路之间的通道不一致性得到降低 ,带内起伏趋于固定。基于上述特性 ,本文提出一种波束 频域处理方法 ,该方法不仅有效对消干扰 ,同时不会恶化天线方向图。更重要的是该方法降低了处理维数 ,减少了计算的复杂度。     

有源相控阵的幅相误差校正和波束形成一体化方法

有源相控阵的衰减器和移相器会随着波束形成要求的不同幅度和角度值进行调幅和调相,在实际应用中衰减器和移相器的调节会造成原始通道幅相误差发生变化,从而导致波束形成性能的恶化。文中提出一种可将幅相误差校正和波束形成同时完成的一体化方法,在校正原始通道幅相误差的同时,解决了通道幅相误差随形成波束变化而导致的波束形成性能恶化的问题,具有实现简单、运算量小等优点。理论分析和仿真结果证明了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

天线交叉波束指向误差分析

讨论形成左、右交叉波束宽天线阵的设计，运用泰勒级数展开对微波网络幅相不平衡引入的天线交叉波束指向误差进行分析计算，并用一组试验数据验证了分析计算的正确性。     

发射自适应波束形成技术研究

在天线阵发射波束时进行方向图零点控制是现代雷达采用的先进技术之一,该文分析了一种唯相位共轭梯度自适应于扰置零算法,并详细叙述了我们研制的基于TMS320C31的雷达自适应干扰对零阵列处理实验系统。理论分析和实验结果均表明系统能有效置零抑制干扰、是一种实用性强的系统。     

Resistive tapers that place nulls in the scattering patterns ofstrips

Tapering the resistivity on the surface of an object modifies the scattering patterns of that object. For instance, gradually tapering the resistivity on a strip, half-plane, or an antenna ground plane reduces the edge effects of that surface. Greater control over the sidelobe response of the scattering pattern of a strip is possible by relating the resistive taper to a low sidelobe taper via physical optics. The idea of relating antenna aperture tapers to scattering patterns is extended to placing nulls in the sidelobes of scattering patterns of strips. A resistive taper for placing nulls is found by solving the scattering integral equations of a resistive strip for the resistivity, then substituting the desired nulling current density taper into the appropriate equation and solving for the resistive taper. This method is capable of placing multiple nulls in the bistatic scattering pattern or a single null in the backscattering pattern     

Reducing the mutual coupling effect in adaptive nulling using are-defined mutual impedance

The effect of mutual coupling in an adaptive antenna array for the nulling of interferences is investigated. The concept of mutual impedance is re-defined to take into account of the scattering effect due to the other antenna elements in the array. The re-defined mutual impedances are used to reduce the mutual coupling effect by calculating the open-circuit voltages from the measured voltages on the antenna terminals. Results show that by using the re-defined mutual impedances, substantial improvements in term of the depths and the accuracy of the nulls can be obtained over a previous method     

Null synthesis with phase and amplitude controls at the subarray outputs

The generation of nulls in an antenna pattern by controlling the phase and amplitude of the subarray output signals is investigated. Although the nulls may be formed with any number of subarrays, the subarray configuration and desired null location have a major impact on the distortion in the far-field pattern that results. The distortion problem resulting from subarray nulling is well-known, but little theoretical analysis has been done to explain the cause of the distortion. A theoretical and graphical explanation of why the distortion occurs is offered.     

Partial adaptive nulling on a monopulse phased array antenna system

A partial phase-only nulling (PPON) algorithm has been developed and evaluated on a 496-element monopulse phased array antenna system which employs five-bit phase shifters. Using this PPON algorithm allows nulls in the far-field pattern to be steered to the desired directions for a phased array equipped with low-resolution phase shifters to perform simultaneous nulling in the sum and two difference patterns in the environment of multiple jammers. Simulated and experimental patterns are illustrated     

数字波束形成雷达的天线方向图预置零技术

基于数字波束形成体制的相控阵雷达系统,如果杂波和干扰的角度先验信息可以获知,则可采用方向图预置零技术进行相关的抑制处理。文中提出一种能够实现可控制方向图零陷宽度和零陷数量的处理方法。该方法采用对阵列方向图响应矩阵的奇异值分解和重构,进行扩展的零空间基向量的求解。同时,针对提出的新方法的实际应用,论文给出了一种可实用的求解算法     

Simultaneous nulling in sum and difference patterns by amplitude control

A method is discussed of suppressing jammers simultaneously in the sum and the difference patterns of a linear antenna array by either using complex weights or controlling the current amplitudes only, with special emphasis on the latter method. For a given array size, the total number of jammers that can be nulled is doubled if complex weights are used instead of real weights. However, the amplitude-only technique has many attractions. It is shown that because the resulting current amplitude distribution has a double symmetry, the number of attenuators required for simultaneous nulling can be as low as a quarter of the total number of elements in the array. This means a much faster computing speed as well as a considerable saving in hardware. The method also allows the main beam of the antenna to be scanned by using phase-shifters while nulls are placed in directions of known jammers in both the sum and difference patterns by using attenuators. As a result, the maximization of the signal-to-jammer ratio can be achieved with relative ease, because the stronger a jammer is, the easier it is to locate it and hence to suppress it.     

Spatial correlations in adaptive arrays

A receiving array antenna can steer its main beam toward any direction by adjusting the complex weight in each element. However it cannot always steer one beam and one null toward two prespecified directions simultaneously with a single set of weights. The ability for an array to steer one beam and one or more nulls simultaneously is determined by five factors: 1) element positions, 2) orientations of elements, 3) antenna patterns of elements, 4) polarizations of signals, and 5) directions of the beams and/or nulls. A coefficient is defined, called spatial correlation, which includes these factors and completely characterizes array beam pointing and nulling. Its application to adaptive arrays is demonstrated. The adaptive array performance is dominated by this coefficient and can be improved by properly choosing the first three factors. Several examples on the selection of element placement in adaptive arrays are presented.     

GPS自适应调零天线信号处理系统硬件设计

针对GPS抗干扰问题,常用手段是在信号处理系统中采用自适应调零算法来实现抗干扰。结合该算法文中给出了一种信号处理系统的硬件实现方案。首先概述GPS自适应调零天线的系统结构,然后给出信号处理系统的硬件设计思路及其功能模块的实现,最后通过实测数据验证硬件模块可以满足自适应调零算法的要求。     

A cross layer scheme for adaptive antenna array based wireless ad hoc networks in multipath environments

A medium access control (MAC) protocol (NULLHOC) for ad hoc networks of nodes with antenna arrays is presented. The antenna array is used for transmit and receive beamforming with the purpose of increasing spatial reuse by directing nulls at active transmitters and receivers in the neighborhood. In contrast to previous work with directional antennas, our approach is applicable to multipath channels, such as occur indoors or in other rich scattering environments. The MAC protocol is designed to support the control information exchange needed to direct nulls toward other users involved in existing communication sessions. Knowledge of the channel coefficients between a transmitter or receiver and its neighbors is used to design transmit or receive beamformer weights that implement the requisite nulling. Simulations are used to demonstrate the improvements in throughput and transmit powers that are obtained in this approach relative to the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. We also analyze the effects of channel estimation errors on our protocol and propose a simple modification of the basic (NULLHOC) protocol to minimize their impact. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grants ECS-9979408 and ANI-9980526. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies.