Diagnosis of diagnosis diagnosed.

Agrees with the article by J. Meyers (see record 1989-10292-001) recommending a conceptual shift in assessment practice; however, the present author contends that a conceptualization of the relation between norm-referenced assessment procedures and the new techniques is missing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reactions to incongruent self-experiences.

Incongruity was defined as success for low-, and failure for high-intellectual-esteem individuals. 32 high- and 32 low-intellectual-esteem males were used.? in each group succeeded and ? failed on intellectual tasks, in relation to the performance of a confederate. As hypothesized, incongruity led to defensive behavior. Both distortion in, and denial to awareness of elements associated with the incongruent experience were found. Incongruity also resulted in a subsequent decrement in ability to solve certain kinds of problems. Finally, the results were consistent with the contention that in order to define an experience as either congruent or incongruent, relevant aspects of the self-concept must be taken into account. (15 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Diagnosis diagnosed: Twenty years after.

Describes an assessment technique derived from the process assessment model: the think-aloud protocol analysis. Three bases for a conceptual shift in assessment are discussed: the link between assessment and intervention, the link between assessment and the environment, and assessment of the learning process. It is contended that think-aloud protocol analysis is useful because it offers an approach to assess the learning process with specific implications for intervention designed to improve reading comprehension. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Diagnosis diagnosed: A systemic reaction.

Agrees with J. Meyers (see record 1989-10292-001) that a shift in the conceptual models that underlie psychoeducational assessment is needed but is not as optimistic as Meyers that the proposed changes will occur. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cognitive therapy for clients newly diagnosed as HIV-positive.

Receiving an HIV-positive diagnosis is a unique stressor which may cause significant emotional distress. Particular themes associated with the diagnosis include an altered self-view, concerns about physical health, relationship issues, a revised view of the future, and a search for meaning. To cope with these areas of distress, the individual must begin to change pre-existing beliefs and incorporate the ramifications of the diagnosis. Cognitive therapy is an effective, short-term model, appropriate for addressing these challenges. Specific therapeutic techniques for alleviating distress in this population are outlined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reactions to interviewers with a physical disability.

80 male and 80 female college students were individually interviewed by a male or female interviewer under 1 of 4 conditions: (1) a formally dressed interviewer, (2) a casually dressed interviewer, (3) a formally dressed interviewer with an apparent physical disability, or (4) a casually dressed interviewer with an apparent physical disability. Findings show that Ss consistently rated the interviewer with an apparent disability more favorably on a variety of personal characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relationship of Children's Depression Inventory factors to diagnosed depression.

The relationships between factor scores on the Children's Depression Inventory and diagnosed depression, anxiety, oppositional disorder, attention deficit disorder, and conduct disorder were examined. Ss were 70 psychiatric inpatients (45 boys, 25 girls) ranging in age from 6–13 yrs. Using diagnostic group comparisons and regression analyses, it was found that depressed Ss had higher scores on the dysphoric mood, loss of personal and social interest, and self-deprecation factors; the acting-out factor was related to oppositional disorder; and the vegetative-symptoms factor tended to be related to overanxious disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Neurocognitive dysfunction in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and alcoholism.

The authors administered the Halstead–Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery to schizophrenic groups with (n?=?54) and without (n?=?217) coexisting alcoholism, nonschizophrenic groups with alcoholism (n?=?231), and a patient comparison group (n?=?145) to determine the extent of additive cognitive impairment in schizophrenia associated with alcoholism and to compare cognitive function in alcoholism and schizophrenia. The additive effects of alcoholism on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia were subtle but were consistently identifiable. Cognitive dysfunction in alcoholism was less severe than in schizophrenia with or without alcoholism. The magnitude of additive effects of alcoholism on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia was age related with a significant interaction between age and presence or absence of alcoholism on a global index of cognitive dysfunction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Appendicular mucocele. A report of a case diagnosed preoperatively

Mucocele of the appendix is an unusual clinical entity. Despite a recognized constellation of findings, the diagnosis is not usually made prior to surgical exploration. A 35 year old man is reported in whom clinical evaluation, including US and CT scans, resulted in the correct preoperative diagnosis confirmed at surgery and leading to appropriate operative decisions.     

Chronic urticaria and intermittent anaphylaxis. Reactions to lophendylate

In a case of chronic, severe urticaria and intermittent episodes of anaphylaxis due to an iophendylate injection (Pantopaque) given in the course of myelography, almost complete relief was obtained from the removal of approximately 8 ml of residual iophendylate from the spinal canal. Data obtained from direct skin testing, Prausnitz-Küstner testing, peptide inhibition of Prausnitz-Küstner testing, and IgE levels quantitated before and after removal of iophendylate indicate that these symptoms were mediated via an IgE anti-iophendylate reaction.     

Reactions of convicted rapists to sexually explicit stimuli.

Describes a study in which 28 convicted rapists and 28 controls convicted of nonsexual crimes were shown a series of slides depicting sexual themes (young couple in a romantic pose, nude female, male masturbating, heterosexual petting, heterosexual fellatio, heterosexual coitus, and sadomasochism) while measures of penile volume, GSR, and subjective ratings were obtained. Following this presentation, S rated all 7 slides on semantic differential scales. No significant differences were found between groups on the penile volume measures, but the rapists displayed greater arousal on the GSR measures and gave more negative ratings to the sexual themes than controls. This finding suggests that the stimuli were unpleasant for the rapists, supporting previous research. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guidelines for assessments: Reactions to the commentators.

In this short article, the authors respond to the critiques of the four commentators (see records 2001-17060-010, 2001-17060-011, 2001-17060-012, 2001-17060-013 respectively) on the original "Guidelines" article (see record 2001-17060-009). They highlight areas of agreement and disagreement with the other authors in an effort to move the discussion forward. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Treatment of Children With Complicated Posttraumatic Stress Reactions.

Complicated or complex posttraumatic stress reactions in children typically indicate a history of protracted trauma and often include both a greater number of symptoms with heightened severity as compared with children experiencing single-incident traumas. Complicated traumatic stress responses in childhood are usually more difficult to treat than less complex ones. Characteristics of the traumatic event as well as mediating and moderating variables, which can render the child susceptible to a complicated trauma reaction, are delineated in this article. Interventions are presented to address the diverse difficulties presented by children with a complicated trauma reaction, including safety planning, grief work, family therapy, cognitive-behavioral individual treatment, and utilization of various systems of childhood (e.g., school). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Role of Shame in Negative Therapeutic Reactions.

Psychotherapists have struggled to understand and treat a perplexing phenomenon known as the negative therapeutic reaction, which includes a cessation of progress, worsening of symptoms, and countertransference feelings of inadequacy and hostility when progress and positive emotions are anticipated. This article addresses the role of shame in negative therapeutic reactions. Early interpersonal relationships, particularly those characterized by repeated emotional misconnections, play a fundamental role in the development of adulthood shame. Moderating a sense of condemnation and concealing a longing for emotional understanding, negative therapeutic reactions occur among individuals who harbor a considerable amount of shame. They also reflect an expression of rudimentary autonomy. A vignette illustrates the complexities of negative therapeutic reactions. Treatment suggestions are offered to address underlying shame and help foster autonomy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Dual-Process Model of Reactions to Perceived Stigma.

The authors propose a theoretical model of individual psychological reactions to perceived stigma. This model suggests that 2 psychological systems may be involved in reactions to stigma across a variety of social contexts. One system is primarily reflexive, or associative, whereas the other is rule based, or reflective. This model assumes a temporal pattern of reactions to the stigmatized, such that initial reactions are governed by the reflexive system, whereas subsequent reactions or "adjustments" are governed by the rule-based system. Support for this model was found in 2 studies. Both studies examined participants' moment-by-moment approach-avoidance reactions to the stigmatized. The 1st involved participants' reactions to persons with HIV/AIDS, and the 2nd, participants' reactions to 15 different stigmatizing conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Counseling AIDS antibody-positive clients: Reactions and treatment.

Describes an Australian clinic established in 1985 to provide research, education, and screening for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) human immunodeficiency virus. The following topics are discussed: reactions to antibody-positive and antibody-negative results, short-term reactions, long-term issues, outcomes, psychosocial care, crisis intervention, groups, and counseling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children with recently diagnosed diabetes: Interactions within their families.

Analyzed how families with a diabetic child interact and how these patterns differ from other families, using 57 diabetic and 48 acutely ill early adolescents and preadolescents from 2-parent families. The 2 samples were contrasted in terms of enabling and constraining interactions of each family member. Findings reveal that diabetic Ss and their parents expressed significantly more enabling (e.g., focusing, problem-solving, active understanding) speeches than comparable members of the acute illness group. There were indications of particular constraining interactions (devaluing) occurring between fathers and diabetic Ss. Several alternative interpretations are offered to account for these results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)