生物医用镁合金研究进展

由于具有优异的力学相容性、生物相容性和可降解性,镁及其合金成为新一代生物医用可降解金属植入材料的研究焦点。但镁及其合金由于较快的降解速率,严重制约了其在临床上的应用步伐。开发高强度、高韧性、高耐蚀,且降解行为可控的高性能镁合金迫在眉睫。综述了生物医用可降解镁合金的最新研究进展,详细介绍了镁及其合金作为生物医用材料的优势与不足、产品研发现状、降解机理及腐蚀行为和耐蚀性研究,并指出了研究中存在的问题和未来发展方向。     

镁合金的生物医用研究

镁是可被人体吸收的常量元素,且具有较高的比强度和比刚度,在医用植入材料领域具有广阔的应用前景.综述了镁及镁合金作为医用植入材料的研究现状,并对医用镁及镁合金的表面改性技术进行了简单叙述.     

AZ31镁合金的生物降解行为研究

研究了AZ31镁合金作为生物医用材料的体内外生物降解行为.初步分析了其作为可降解生物医用材料的可行性.体外浸泡实验结果表明,AZ31镁合金的降解行为与其所处环境有关,在Hank's溶液中的降解速度较在0.9%NaCl溶液中低;经过热处理后的AZ31镁合金较铸态和锻态降低了点蚀发生倾向,降解速度更慢.体内植入实验结果表明,AZ31镁合金与动物不同组织接触,其降解速度不同,在骨髓腔内的降解速度更快.植入5周时,镁合金已发生降解,20周降解更为明显.降解过程中镁合金表面有Ca-P物质沉积,表面具有优异的生物活性,其降解产物主要通过尿液进行排泄.在表面制备Ca-P涂层可降低镁合金的降解速度.AZ31镁合金是一种具有良好应用前景的新型生物可降解医用植入材料.     

生物医用镁合金材料的应用及耐蚀性研究进展

镁合金具有良好的力学性能,与人体生物相容性好,尤其是在人体内具有可生物降解的特点,是一种非常有前途的可降解生物医用金属材料.综述了镁和镁合金作为可降解生物医用材料的优越性和存在问题,生物医用镁合金的国内外研究现状,镁和镁合金的腐蚀机理及腐蚀类型,总结了当前用于提高生物医用纯镁和镁合金耐蚀性的方法,并对生物医用镁合金体内体外耐蚀性能进行了比较,展望了可降解生物医用材料的未来发展前景和研究方向.     

多孔镁作为新型骨组织工程材料的研究探索

多孔镁作为骨组织工程材料具有明显的优势.介绍了多孔镁的制备方法,评述了镁基材料作为骨组织工程材料的生物相容性以及在其表面可能制备的生物活性涂层,初步探讨了镁基材料在体内的降解机理,并对多孔镁作为一种新型骨组织工程材料的医用前景进行了展望.     

可降解锌基合金在骨科领域的研究进展

进入21世纪以来,随着材料科学的进步,医用金属植入材料从传统的316L不锈钢、钛合金等惰性金属材料逐渐转向可降解金属材料。可降解金属材料由于其良好的生物相容性和适宜的降解速率,可以在完成植入任务时被人体吸收,无需二次手术将内植物取出,从而引起广泛关注。在过去的10多年里,镁和铁及其合金作为医用可降解金属被广泛研究。锌是人体所必需的营养元素之一,因具有良好的生物相容性和适宜的降解速率,锌基合金在最近几年里成为继镁基和铁基合金之后又一具有广泛应用前景的医用可降解金属。然而,对锌基合金的设计和制备等仍处于初步阶段,还有大量的研究工作需要完成。综述了生物降解锌近年来用于骨科领域的研究进展,重点讨论了锌及其合金的力学性能、生物降解性能和生物相容性以及锌的合金化和制造技术之间的关系。     

可降解医用镁基生物材料的研究进展

生物体内可降解吸收材料是生物材料发展的重要方向,由于金属材料具有较好的强度和塑韧性,因此金属基可降解吸收材料具有重要的临床应用价值.镁是所有金属材料中生物力学性能与人体骨最接近的金属材料,具有理想的生物力学相容性,因此,镁合金作为可降解生物材料具有巨大的应用潜力.首先介绍了镁基材料作为生物体内可降解植入材料的优点,然后简要回顾了镁基可降解生物材料的早期研究情况,同时系统地介绍和总结了目前的研究进展和遇到的挑战,最后展望了镁合金医用材料的应用前景和发展方向.     

生物医用镁合金表面PLGA涂层研究

镁及镁合金作为可降解吸收生物医用材料的研究已得到关注,但与传统可降解材料相比其腐蚀降解较快,可能导致提前失效.以高纯的Mg-Zn合金为研究材料,采用浸涂提拉法在其表面得到PLGA涂层.结果表明,PLGA涂层致密均匀,耐蚀性好,降解周期长,可以有效保护镁合金在植入初期不发生腐蚀降解,延长其发挥功能的时间,达到良好的医学适用性.     

生物可降解锌基金属材料研究进展

随着人们医疗观念的转变和材料科学的进步,医用金属植入材料的选择从传统316L不锈钢、钴铬合金、钛合金等惰性金属逐渐转向可降解材料。为了减轻与耐腐蚀支架相关的副作用(即慢性炎症和晚期血栓形成),目前正在开发新一代的生物可吸收支架,支架在完成任务后会被逐渐降解和吸收。目前的可降解金属主要包括镁合金、铁合金和锌合金,铁在动脉中产生大量的氧化产物而镁及其合金又腐蚀得太快。其中,锌合金具有更适宜的降解速度、良好的降解行为和较好的力学性能,基于锌的生物可吸收材料是近年兴起的最具发展潜力的可降解医用金属材料。本文主要介绍了纯锌、锌铜系、锌镁系及其他锌基合金近年来的主要研究进展。     

可降解医用金属功能化表面改性研究进展

近年来,以镁、铁、锌为代表的可降解医用金属由于其独特的体内降解性能和优异的生物相容性成为国内外研究热点.这类可降解医用金属能够在体内逐渐被体液腐蚀降解,它们所释放的腐蚀产物能够给机体带来恰当的宿主反应,当协助机体完成组织修复的任务后将全部被体液溶解,避免了二次手术.前期研究表明,三种可降解医用金属在实际临床应用中尚存在一些不足:镁及镁合金的体内降解速率过快,降解过程中产生的氢气会对植入物周围组织和细胞产生不利影响;铁及铁合金的体内降解速率过慢;锌及锌合金的降解速率最符合临床要求,但是其较低的力学性能限制了锌及其合金的应用.鉴于此,可降解医用金属的功能化表面改性技术应运而生.功能化表面改性技术不仅可以实现对可降解医用金属腐蚀行为的调控,还可根据不同的临床需求提高其生物相容性、抗菌活性、抗凝血性能和促成骨性能等.目前,各类表面改性技术已能够有效改善各类可降解医用金属的性能.镁及其合金是研究最为广泛的一类可降解医用金属,各类表面改性技术,如转化涂层、沉积涂层、复合物涂层等已能够显著降低镁及其合金的腐蚀速率.针对铁及其合金的表面改性技术主要以纯铁以及Fe-Mn合金为主,但目前针对铁及其合金的表面改性技术尚难以满足其理想的降解模式要求.锌及其合金是新一代可降解医用金属,现有的表面改性技术主要是为了增强其生物相容性和抗菌性能.本综述归纳了各类表面改性技术的特点,对各类技术的制备方法、应用及目的进行了介绍,并对其未来研究趋势进行了展望.     

Research status and development of magnesium matrix composites

ABSTRACT

Magnesium and its alloys, as the metal materials with the lowest density among structural materials, have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties such as high specific stiffness, good electromagnetic shielding properties and good vibration damping effects. However, its low strength, inherent brittleness and poor corrosion resistance limit its application in various industries. By adding a reinforcing phase to the magnesium matrix, a magnesium-based composite material having excellent properties has become one of the effective ways to realise the industrial application of magnesium alloys. This article reviews the recent research progress of magnesium-based composites, including the reinforcing phases and preparation methods of magnesium-based composites, and looks forward to the future development and research directions of magnesium-based composites.     

Comprehensive studies on processing and characterization of hybrid magnesium composites

The need for cost-effective energy-efficient materials that can accommodate the diverse industrial demands has stimulated the advancement of magnesium-based materials. One such recently-reported advancement is magnesium-based hybrid composites in which more than one reinforcement phase is added to the base matrix. Hybrid composites offer wide flexibility in terms of the selection of reinforcing phases as well as in terms of the processing routes. Thus, these composites have potential applications in aerospace and automotive sectors. Magnesium-based hybrid composites also exhibit superior mechanical and tribological properties over their lightweight counterparts. Based on the available literature, this paper attempts to review current developments associated with magnesium-based hybrid composites in terms of processing techniques, metallurgical characteristics, and mechanical properties.     

碳纤维增强镁基复合材料的界面研究进展

综合评述了碳纤维增强镁基复合材料的界面研究进展.介绍了碳纤维增强体的优点和两种不同的去胶方法,比较了不同的碳纤维涂层和基体成分对复合材料界面状态的影响,并对今后碳纤维增强镁基复合材料的研究方向进行了展望.     

Influence of microstructure on the in-vitro degradation behaviour of magnesium alloys

The study shows that the microstructural difference between the fine-grained die-cast and coarse-grained sand-cast magnesium-based alloys has no significant effect on the in-vitro degradation behaviour. However, the post-degradation analysis of the alloys suggest that the high volume fraction of secondary phase particles in the die-cast alloy may not be suitable for biodegradable implant applications, primarily due to the high stability of the secondary phase particles in physiological conditions.     

Review Processing and mechanical properties of fine-grained magnesium alloys

Magnesium alloys are promising light structural materials. The present paper focuses on fine-grained magnesium-based materials. Grain refinement is attained by hot working without additional treatments. Also, a very small grain size of less than 1 m is obtained by equal channel angular extrusion. A good combination of high strength and high ductility at room temperature is attained by grain refinement. Furthermore, fine-grained magnesium-based materials exhibit superplastic behavior at high stain rates (10^–1 s^–1) or low temperatures (473 K). These point out the importance of grain refinement to process magnesium-based materials with excellent mechanical properties.     

Enhanced Anti-corrosion Ability and Biocompatibility of PLGA Coatings on MgZnYNd Alloy by BTSE-APTES Pre-treatment for Cardiovascular Stent

Bioabsorbable magnesium alloys are widely studied for various implant applications, as they reduce the risks such as severe inflammatory response existing in permanent metallic implants. However, the overfast corrosion rate of magnesium alloy is usually an obstacle in biomedical applications. Here we report a simple two-step reaction to introduce anticorrosive silane pre-treatment on Mg Zn YNd alloys before coating with poly(glycolide-co-lactide)(PLGA). The first step is to immerse the NaO H-activated MgZ nY Nd with bistriethoxysilylethane(BTSE) to form a cross-linked silane coating layer with enhanced corrosion resistance; the second step involves immobilizing amine functional groups for forming hydrogen bond with outer PLGA coating by treating the BTSE-modified MgZnYNd with 3-amino-propyltrimethoxysilane(APTES). We characterized the BTSE-APTES pre-treated PLGA coating on MgZnYNd by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),static contact angle and Acid Orange 7 measurement. Nano-scratch test was to verify that the scratch resistance of the PLGA coating with BTSE-APTES pre-treatment was superior to direct PLGA coating. Standard electrochemical measurements along with the long-term immersion results indicated that the BTSEAPTES pre-treatment rendered better in vitro degradation behavior. Cell adhesion and cell viability tests with both vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(EA. hy926)demonstrated that BTSE-APTES pre-treated MgZnYNd substrate had significantly more beneficial effects.The favorable anti-corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of BTSE-APTES pre-treated PLGA coatings on MgZnYNd alloy suggest that the novel two-step silanization procedure may have the great potential to enhance the performance of the magnesium-based biomaterials and provide a valid solution for the conversion modification of cardiovascular implants, taking the magnesium-based bioabsorbable materials closer to clinical application.     

硅丙乳液对镁系无机胶黏剂性能和微结构的影响

以硅丙乳液为改性剂,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段分析了添加量对镁系无机胶黏剂复合板材力学强度、耐水性能、阻燃性能和镁系无机胶黏剂凝固时间的影响原因.结果表明:硅丙乳液与镁系无机胶黏剂可以形成有机无机的互穿网络结构;随着添加量增大,硅丙乳液的成膜性增强,使镁系无机胶黏剂的黏结性能及材料的整体性增加,复合板材力学性能增强,耐水性能提高;添加量增加的同时也会延缓镁系无机胶黏剂的凝固时间,但不会对镁系无机胶黏剂的晶相组成产生影响;此外,镁系无机胶黏剂还赋予秸秆板较好的阻燃抑烟特性,硅丙乳液的添加对复合板材的阻燃性能没有明显影响.     

Properties of porous magnesium prepared by powder metallurgy

Porous magnesium-based materials are biodegradable and promising for use in orthopaedic applications, but their applications are hampered by their difficult fabrication. This work reports the preparation of porous magnesium materials by a powder metallurgy technique using ammonium bicarbonate as spacer particles. The porosity of the materials depended on the amount of ammonium bicarbonate and was found to have strong negative effects on flexural strength and corrosion behaviour. However, the flexural strength of materials with porosities of up to 28 vol.% was higher than the flexural strength of non-metallic biomaterials and comparable with that of natural bone.     

镁基多孔材料的研究现状与展望

介绍了镁基多孔材料的主要制备方法,包括熔模铸造法、触融压铸法、固/气共晶凝固法、真空发泡法、粉末冶金法、熔体直接发泡法、渗流铸造法.分析了现有研究的主要特点,并着重对熔体直接发泡法制备镁基多孔材料的工艺进行了讨论,给出了该种方法的原则工艺流程.