THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHORT CRACKS AND EQUIVALENT PARAMETER OF FATIGUE DAMAGE

1. IntroductionThe initiation and propagation behavior of short cracks occupy a sigllificant fractionof the fatigue life of unflawed ..ie.ialll--3]. FOr this reason all understanding of the basiccharacteristics of short cracks in a smooth specimen is very importallt. There have beensome studies concerned with the multiplication of cracks dllring fatiglle ill carbon steels[3--4]and a stainless steeds]. In particular Goto reported that there is a colltilluous formationof microcracks during the …     

谱载荷下的短裂纹扩展规律及疲劳损伤的研究

本文研究了一种谱载荷作用下的短裂纹扩展规律，并对谱载荷下的疲劳损伤进行了预测与分析，实验发现；谱载荷下的单边穿透短裂纹和缺口短纹都能够在长裂纹的槛植以下以国高的速率扩展，表现出与常幅下短裂纹相似的扩展规律。     

残余压应力场中疲劳短裂纹扩展模型及实验

结合实验讨论了残余应力对裂纹扩展作用的模型及其存在的问题。指出用公式△Ｋｅｆｆ＝（Ｋｍａｘ＋λＫｒ）－Ｋｏｐ中较准确地计算出残余压应力场中裂纹的扩展速率。残余压应力既使裂纹闭合力提高，又使最大应力强度因子降低，两者均使裂纹扩展驱动力△Ｋｅｆｆ减少，因而降低了裂纹的扩展速率。     

一种等应力试样中的疲劳短裂纹行为

设计了一种三角形试样,当施加弯曲载荷时,该试样等腰三角形段内的表面拉应力为常数。采用振动试验机对所设计的试样进行疲劳试验,以研究一种焊接金属表面疲劳短裂纹萌生和发展特征。结果表明,疲劳短裂纹起源于铁素体晶内的滑移带。随疲劳周次增加,短裂纹发展以裂纹密度不断增加为主要特征。短裂纹的汇合造成裂纹发展且裂纹路径以穿晶为主。     

SHORT FATIGUE CRACK BEHAVIOUR IN ISO-STRESS SPECIMENS

Fatigue tests were made on a vibration machine using specially designed specimens to investi-gate the initiation and propagation features of short fatigue cracks in a weld metal.The spec-imens were triangular in shape so that when loaded as a cantilever beam the surface tensilestress is constant.Test results show that short fatigue cracks mainly originate from slip bandswithin ferrite grains.The development of short fatigue cracks is marked by a gradual increasein crack density with fatigue cycles.Coalescence of short cracks leads to crack propagationand the crack path is predominantly transgranular.     

A NOVEL PARAMETER FOR EVALUATING THE FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE IN CARBON STEELS

1. Introduction Estimation of the fatigue life of a component under cyclic loading is of great interest in the modern engineering design against plastic deformation or conventional fracture. The fatigue process of materials may be approximately divided into two stages, i.e. the fatigue crack initiation and its propagation. The latter is more significant in service, because most of the fatigue life of many engineering components is spent on the crack growth, especially the small crack growth. …     

THRESHOLD OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACK FOR Al-Li ALLOY 8090

Threshold of fatigue for short through cracks for Al-Li alloy 8090 was evaluated to be lowerthan that of long cracks,and to decrease with the shortening of the crack length.The correla-tion among the threshold,crack wake,and crack tip shielding of the short fatigue cracks wasdiscussed.The super demarcation length and lowest theoretical threshold of short through fa-tigue cracks were presented.     

8090Al—Li合金疲劳短裂纹门槛值的研究

本文研究了8090Al-Li合金穿透疲劳短裂纹的门槛值,测定了不同长度短裂纹的门槛值和裂纹闭合效应,探讨了该合金疲劳短裂纹门槛值、裂纹尾迹和裂尖屏蔽之间的关系,给出了该合金穿透疲劳短裂纹的上界值和理论最低门槛值。     

BEHAVIOUR OF INITIATION AND GROWTH OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS

ＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＵＲＯＦＩＮＩＴＩＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＧＲＯＷＴＨＯＦＳＨＯＲＴＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＣＲＡＣＫＳＷＵＺｈｉｘｕｅ;ＸＵＨａｏ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ,ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔｅｒｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｓｈｅｎ...     

EFFECT OF NON-PROPORTIONAL OVERLOADING ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH

The effect of proportional and non-proportional overloading on mode l fatigue crack growthhave been studied,and the influences of crack tip plastic zone,crack tip blunting as well ascrack closure were discussed.Proportional(model I)overloading may cause more seriouscrack growth retardation than non-proportional(mixed mode)overloading.Therefore,forestimating the fatigue life of engineering structures to simplify a real overload which may of-ten be non-proportional as a proportional one is not always safe.     

FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION FOR BIAXIAL STRESS CYCLING

Based on the experimental study of complex biaxial mode Ⅰ fatigue crack growth and thediscussion on Von Mises'theory,a new approach is proposed for correlating crack propaga-tion rate under both in-phase and out-of-phase biaxial stress cycling.The results emphasizethe contribution of plasticity to fatigue crack growth.     

双轴加载条件下疲劳裂纹扩展的研究

在双轴加载条件下对Ⅰ型疲劳裂纹扩展进行了研究。载荷范围从0.08σ_s到0.71σ_3,包括比例加载和非比例加载。基于对Von Mises理论的讨论,提出一个新的力学参数。双轴加载条件下的弹塑性参数P成功地描述了双轴比例加载和非比例加载下的疲劳裂纹扩展。     

STUDY ON FATIGUE DAMAGE BELOW THE FATIGUE LIMIT AND THE COAXING EFFECTS

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＤＡＭＡＧＥＢＥＬＯＷＴＨＥＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＬＩＭＩＴＡＮＤＴＨＥＣＯＡＸＩＮＧＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＷＵＺｈｉｘｕｅ;ＬＵＷｅｎｇｅａｎｄＸＵＨａｏ１）（ＦｕｓｈｕｎＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ,Ｆｕｓｈｕｎ１１３００１,...     

RESIDUAL STRESS CONCENTRATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON FATIGUE LIMIT AND SHORT CRACK GROWTH

Residual stress concentration at a notch depends on both notch geometry and yield strength ofthe material.It varies through the depth,and its magnitude may be higher than the theoreticalone.Compressive residual.stress concentration at the notch of shot-peened specimen of softmaterial is easily to he relaxed,with the surface damage during shot-peening results in a mi-nor contribution to the fatigue limit.Compressive residual stress increases the crack closureeffect at the notch and may lead to a non-propagating crack.     

阳极电位下小幅载荷在腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展中的作用

研究了A537钢在3.5%NaCl水溶液中,阳极溶解条件下以不同方式叠加在主载荷ΔP上的小幅载荷对疲劳裂纹扩展da/dN～ΔK曲线的影响,并与空气中的结果进行比较,讨论了阳极溶解影响小幅载荷行为的机理.结果表明:空气中幅度小于30%ΔP的小载荷叠加在主载荷底部时对裂纹扩展没有影响,而阳极溶解能使这些主载荷底部的小幅载荷对裂纹扩展过程产生重要作用,在阳极溶解条件下,即使是幅度为零的保持载荷(B0)对裂纹扩展也具有明显的加速作用;虽然阳极溶解对主载荷顶部的幅度为30%ΔP(T30)和70%ΔP(T70)的小载     

残余应力集中及其对疲劳极限和短裂纹扩展的影响

缺口根部的残余应力存在应力集中效应,应力集中值不仅取决于缺口几何形状而且和材料的屈服强度有关。残余应力集中系数是一个分布值,其数值甚至可超过理论应力集中系数。软试样喷丸后缺口处的残余应力易于松弛及喷丸时的表面损伤使其对疲劳极限的贡献小。残余压应力使缺口处裂纹闭合力增大甚至可出现非扩展裂纹。     

腐蚀疲劳裂纹尖端电化学行为的研究

采用微电极体系和试样背后打孔技术，对３００Ｍ超高强度钢在３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中腐蚀疲劳裂纹尖端微区溶液电化学行为进行研究，在极化和无极化条件下分别测试裂化溶液的电位△Ｅ和ｐＨ值的变化，结果发现，无极化条件下，裂尖ｐＨ下降，电位上升，裂尖前沿电位和ｐＨ值随裂化分布不均匀，在极化条件下，裂尖电化学特征随极化电位变化而表现不同，基于裂尖电化学行为规律，对腐蚀疲劳裂放展规律进行解释。     

INVESTIGATION OF THE LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE AND FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIORS OF P91 BASE METAL AND WELD JOINTS

Low cycle fatigue tests and crack growth propagations tests on P91 pipe base metal and its weld joints were conducted at three different temperatures: room temperature, 550℃ and 575℃. The strain-life was analyzed, and the changes in fatigue life behavior and fatigue growth rates with increasing temperature were discussed. The different properties of the base metal and its weld joint have been analyzed.     

[12]铝单晶体的疲劳损伤与裂纹萌生

对[112]双滑移取向铝单晶体进行了对称拉压疲劳试验，详细观察和对比研究了正表面和侧表面（包含两个主滑移系Burgers矢量）上的疲劳损伤与裂纹萌生过程.在正表面上两个主滑移系滑移台阶是相互平行的，呈典型的持续滑移带（PSB）损伤形貌；而在S面上则始终未见PSB,但有晶体学关系不明确的呈波纹形不均匀分布的形变花样产生，并发展导致微裂纹的萌生,其尺寸可与正表面上的PSB裂纹相匹比。由此进一步证实了循环形变累积所致的内部组织损伤是疲劳裂纹萌生的基本因素．和单滑移取向单晶体相比，在复滑移条件下的显著交滑移过程明显地促进了试样的疲劳损伤和裂纹萌生.     

环境对AISI321不锈钢疲劳裂纹扩展过载效应的影响

研究了3．5％NaCl溶液对恒应力强度因子范围△K控制下AISI321不锈钢疲劳裂纹扩展过载行为的影响．与在空气中的结果比较表明，两种条件下存在相似的过载延缓效应，但是环境极大地削弱了过载对疲劳裂纹扩展的延缓效应，削弱程度随过载比不同而变化，以“损失循环数”表征约为40％-70％，以“过载影响区尺寸”表征则为30％-40％．分析表明，用“损失循环数”表征过载对裂纹扩展的延缓效应不够充分，无法区分环境对裂纹闭合的削弱和增强作用，“过载影响区尺寸”可以区分环境对过载塑性形变增强裂纹闭合的综合影响．对断口的SEM分析发现，过载造成的塑性形变在溶液中比在空气中受到更多的磨损，表明环境对过载延缓效应的削弱除了对裂尖的影响外，还包括对过载导致的塑性诱发裂纹闭合的影响．