基于核磁共振的癌症非侵入式诊断理论与技术研究

分析了核磁共振技术在癌症临床诊断领域的应用现状、相关理论与技术的发展趋势,概述了对核磁共振设备产生的FID信号、MRI和MRS的数据分析技术,并以MRS为重点,研究了FID信号和波谱数据的特点,提出了利用小波变换和模式识别技术对FID信号和波谱数据进行分析的技术方案,并对信号的小波阈值去噪、小波基函数的选择、MRS特征识别与提取等问题进行了探索性研究,对核磁共振为基础的相关技术在癌症临床诊断领域内应用的进一步发展提示了方向。     

基于小波变换的核磁共振FID信号的去噪方法研究

以医用核磁共振自由感应衰减(FID)信号的去噪处理为研究目标,基于小波变换技术,分析了有效信号和噪声的小波变换特性,针对三种去噪方法--模极大值、阈值收缩和平移不变,提出了改进方案,并以阈值收缩去噪方法为例,对临床获取的神经胶质瘤病例的大量数据样本进行了去噪、分析实验,探讨了适用于本类FID信号去噪处理的小波基函数、分解参数、分解层次和阈值策略的选取方法,通过实验建立了最优选取方案.实验结果有效地验证了新方案良好的去噪性能.本研究对于医用磁共振数据的高效处理具有很好的参考价值.     

分数阶小波变换法去除X射线荧光光谱噪声

将Grünwald-Letnikov(G-L)分数阶与小波变换(WT)相结合,利用Matlab软件对X射线荧光光谱模拟和实测信号进行去噪处理。分别与传统WT去噪、分数阶傅里叶小波变换(FRWT)处理后的信号进行比较分析。结果表明,采用分数阶小波变换(FWT)去噪效果优于分数阶傅里小波变换(FRWT)和传统WT去噪,其中去噪后的信噪比(SNR)分别达到97.635 5和116.306 7,均方误差(MSE)分别达到和0.474 7和1.293 1,且在抑制噪声的同时FWT更好地保留了信号的细节信息。     

基于模极大值法的γ能谱数据处理与分析

本文研究了Lipschitz指数与小波变换应用于γ能谱数据奇异点的使用方法,分析了模极大值去噪原理和Mallat提出的交替投影重构算法,建立了基于模极大值法γ能谱数据处理模型,基于MATLAB设计了小波变换模极大值去噪软件,通过实测γ能谱数据仿真分析基于模极大值法的γ能谱数据处理模型的效果。结果表明,利用小波变换模极大值法降噪,用交替投影法重构能谱数据,降噪效果较好。     

基于小波阈值去噪的CT图像重建

实际扫描过程中投影数据不可避免地受到各种噪声的干扰,进而影响了图像重建的精度.提出了一种基于小波阈值去噪的图像重建方法,首先对不同角度下的投影数据进行小波分解,并对分解后的小波系数进行阀值化去噪处理,然后经过逆小波变换得到去噪后的投影数据,再由这些去噪后的投影数据进行图像重建.实验结果表明本文的方法非常有效,与传统的重建方法相比,由去噪处理后的投影数据所重建的图像质量明显改善.     

小波变换及其在γ能谱去噪处理中的应用

为了利用小波变换对HPGeγ谱仪测量的γ能谱进行消噪处理,首先论述了小波变换基本原理以及一维信号消噪过程中小波函数、分解层数、阈值函数以及阈值规则选取方法,然后结合已测的137Cs、140Laγ能谱所固有的噪声特性,采用小波工具箱对其进行了消噪处理.消噪结果与MCNP仿真计算结果进行了比对,计算了两者之间绝对误差的2范数,对比曲线图表明两者相当一致.     

基于小波变换的低场脉冲核磁共振信号滤波

低场脉冲核磁共振信号在去除噪声的同时不能损失峰值与边沿有用信息.本文首先介绍了基于平稳小被变换的空域阚值滤波法,然后提出对小波系数先平移以保证边沿对齐再做相邻尺度乘积的改进,并给出新的空域相关阈值计算公式,试验表明该方法在有效保护核磁共振信号峰值与边沿的同时很好地抑制了噪声.     

数字辐射图像的自适应处理方法研究

分析了数字辐射成像的基本原理、方法和特点,阐述了目前处理方法存在的不足.根据采集信号的分布特点,提出了一种基于小波变换的自适应的图像处理方法.该方法将射线成像系统的采集信号做分段灰度变换,将变换得到的多幅图像利用小波变换进行图像融合,以增强射线图像的显示效果,再采用非线性的颜色分配方法为图像加上伪彩色,有效的提高了图像的分辨能力,提高了工件检测效率.此方法在数字辐射成像系统中得到了成功的应用.     

基于SWT和Hilbert的密封磁阻马达式CRDM振动信号去噪

针对控制棒驱动机构滚轮振动信号采集过程受到噪声干扰的问题,提出了小波半软阈值（SWT）和Hilbert变换法相结合的去噪方法。该方法首先利用小波半软阈值算法在时频域对滚轮振动信号进行降噪处理,然后进行Hilbert变换求出其包络谱,分析寿命试验与缺陷验证试验中不同的滚轮振动信号。试验结果表明,该方法可有效消除噪声对振动信号的干扰,证明了小波半软阈值与Hilbert变换相结合的方法在驱动机构滚轮状态识别和故障诊断中的有效性,为驱动机构的状态判别提供了理论支持。     

强背景噪声下反应堆内冲击信号的特征提取

压水反应堆主冷却剂系统中松动部件的在线监测对核电厂的安全运行至关重要,但监测信号往往会受到流致振动和其他设备运行而产生的强背景噪声的干扰。为增强信号的冲击特征,本文提出了一种基于变分模态分解（VMD）和小波包变换（WPT）相结合的信噪分离和特征提取方法。首先,采用VMD算法将含噪声的冲击信号分解成不同频率成分的本征模态函数（IMF）,并基于各模态函数间的相关系数确定分解过程的模态数量;然后,利用峭度和相关系数构建加权峭度指标,并依据加权峭度指标选取IMF,重构冲击分量较强的新信号;最后,利用WPT算法进一步对新信号进行去噪处理。采用所提出的算法对仿真模拟和冲击实验获取的信号进行特征提取,均成功分离出冲击分量,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Image fusion using MIM software via picture archiving and communication system

The preliminary studies of the multimodality image registration and fusion were performed using an image fusion software and a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) to explore the methology,Original image voluminal data were acquired with a CT scanner,MR and dual-head coincidence SPECT,respectively.The data sets from all imaging devices were queried,retrieved,transferred and accessed via DICOM PACS.The image fusion was performed at the SPECT ICON work-station,where the MIM(Medical Image Merge)fusion software was installed.The images were created by reslicing original volume on nthe fly.The image volumes were aligned by translation and rotation of these view ports with respect to the original volume orientation.The transparency factor and contrast were adjusted in order that both volumes can be visualized in the merged images.The image volume data of CT,MR and nuclear medicine were transferred.accessed and loaded ia PACS successfully.The perfect fused images of chest CT/^18F-FDG and brain MR/SPECT were obtained.These results showed that image fusion technique using PACS was feasible and practical,Further experimentation and larger validation studies were needed to explore the full potential of the clinical use.     

应用小波分析估计核磁共振测井信噪比

核磁共振的信噪比在T2谱反演中起着重要作用,但是常规的估计方法依赖于奇异值的截断值选取以及控制方程组的系数矩阵,因而给噪声方差的估计带来一定的任意性,并且不能自适应于信号的变化。提出了一种小波估计方法,该方法估计的噪声方差仅仅与信号有关,与控制方程组无关,并且能够自适应于信号的变化,由其给出的噪声信号具有高斯分布特性。     

压水堆离散纵标屏蔽设计多群参数库的开发与初步验证

利用最新发布的评价数据库ENDF/B-VIII.0制作了压水堆输运计算所需的多群参数库。多群参数库的制作通过NJOY、PUFF-IV和SCALE6.1程序实现,首先由NJOY核数据处理系统将ENDF格式的中光子截面文件加工成精细群参数库,再由PUFF-IV程序中的SMILER模块转换成AMPX格式供SCALE6.1程序中BONAMI模块进行共振自屏修正计算,最后通过并群计算以及格式转换模块生成适合离散纵标（SN）程序使用的ANISN格式的47群中子-20群光子的多群截面库。通过与OECD/NEA发布基准题的验证比较,证明了此参数库加工方法以及所制作参数库是正确的,满足屏蔽计算工程需求。      

Application of wavelet transform de-noising in pole identification of a system

Due to the multiscale character of wavelet transform, the method of wavelet transform de-noising (WTDN) is introduced. The WTDN method neither requires extra limit of frequency range for the processed signal,nor needs a prior estimate of impulse response for an identified system, so it is especially suitable to de-noise the wide-band signal and the impulse response of a blind system. The numerical simulation results indicate that the WTDN method is reliable, The WTDN method was used to process the sampled data from a preamplifier coupled to a gas detector. The experimental results also show that the WTDN method can effectively improve the SNR of sampled data and enhance the accuracy in pole identification of the system,     

用迭代函数系统提取两相流不稳定性的分形码

文章提出了将小波包分析数据压缩和消噪并与迭代函数系统（IFS）分形理论相结合用以研究汽液两相流动不稳定性的一种新方法。首先对实验得到的汽液两相流动不稳定性的振动曲线进行小波包数据压缩和消噪，得到用主要的小波低频和高频系数重新表示的信号；然后对新得到的信号提取IFS分形码，分别得到信号的高频和低频IFS分形码。这一新方法为深入研究汽液两相流动不稳定性的物理本质奠定基础。     

气相色谱法测定亚甲基二膦酸原料药中两种工艺杂质的含量

目的：建立同时测定亚甲基二膦酸中两种工艺杂质亚磷酸三异丙酯和亚甲基二磷酸四异丙酯残留量的气相色谱方法。方法：采用HP-FFAP（25 m×0.32 mm,0.5 μm）色谱柱,程序升温,初始温度为40 ℃,保持3 min,以15 ℃/min速度升温至220 ℃,保持6 min;载气为氮气,流速为2.5 mL/min;进样口温度为200 ℃,不分流进样;样品临用现制,进样量1.0 μL;检测器为FID检测器。结果：两种杂质与相邻色谱峰分离度良好,亚磷酸三异丙酯稳定性较差,室温条件下仅能在2 h内保持稳定;亚磷酸三异丙酯的线性范围为6.081~194.6 mg/L（r=0.999,n=6）,加样回收率为96.04%,RSD为1.73%（n=9）;亚甲基二磷酸四异丙酯的线性范围为6.272~200.7 mg/L（r=0.999,n=6）;加样回收率97.72%,RSD为3.14%（n=9）;三批样品采用建立的方法和欧洲药典收载的NMR方法,均未检出目标杂质。结论：建立的方法快速、简便、准确、精密度和重复性好,可用于亚甲基二膦酸原料药中两种工艺杂质的质量控制。     

IMS地震台站数据模拟发送系统

连续数据子系统可以保证国际监测系统中台站的监测数据安全可靠地发送到国际数据中心。设计了一种地震台站数据模拟发送系统,在无法接收国际监测系统地震台站数据的情况下,可以用来调试连续数据子系统。这套模拟系统由5台工作站和4台服务器组成,可以连续不断地读取和发送CD1.0格式的地震数据,按照数据接收方的要求任意更改记录的起始时间,能够进行数据发送、转发和归档等实验。     

Data Acquisition System of Neutral Beam Injector on EAST

In order to supervise the elements of the neutral beam injector (NBI) spatially located at several places, a distributed NBI data acquisition system (NBIDAS) on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) is developed in this paper. NBIDAS consists of field instrument and measurement devices, servers and remote data processing terminals. In order to remotely manage and monitor the field devices of the NBI system, a device management client software is also developed as the human–machine interfaces between the field devices and remote system administrators. A control signal acquisition system is developed for diagnosing these generated analog and digital signals from the NBI control system. NBIDAS based on network technologies is capable of extending system functions and upgrading devices. The detail of the architecture and implementation of the NBIDAS on EAST is discussed in the paper.     

Consistent output estimate with wavelets: An alternative solution of least squares minimization problem for identification of the LZC system of a large PHWR

A novel technique for estimating system parameters based on consistent output estimate in wavelet domain is proposed as an alternative solution to the classical least squares minimization problem, in this paper. The algorithm is computationally efficient and exhibits excellent performance in cross validation. An iterative algorithm, alternately projecting the solution in time and wavelet domain for penalized minimization of local error in wavelet coefficients, is presented in the paper. As a case study, the paper addresses the problem of modeling a complex process in a large Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) based on the evolution of input and output. Xenon-induced spatial oscillations are kept from growing in large PHWRs, by means of the Liquid Zone Control System (LZCS). In this work, an identification scheme of a single input single output linear time invariant model of the LZCS is studied. Shift invariant orthogonal wavelets are used for consistent output estimate of the LZCS process. The technique is verified on the real experimental data obtained from the LZCS test set-up. It is observed that even a low order wavelet based model gives excellent approximation from fewer numbers of input–output data points.