纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵麸皮的抗氧化发酵条件研究

目的:为开发麸皮健康食品,考察了纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵麸皮的条件及清除自由基活性。方法:采用单因素和正交实验,以羟自由基清除率为衡量指标,对纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵麸皮的条件进行优化,体外实验测定麸皮发酵上清液和麸皮水提液清除·OH和O2-·的能力。结果:⑴以6%的麸皮为碳源,初始pH7.0、接种量2%、1%的蛋白胨为氮源、装瓶量25mL、温度为32℃、32h、140r/min时,纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵麸皮的·OH清除率最高;⑵体外实验表明麸皮发酵上清液和麸皮水提液均具有自由基清除率活性,其中麸皮发酵上清液对·OH和O2-·的IC50分别为8.2mg/mL和24.0mg/mL,比麸皮水提液分别高2.3倍和6.7倍。结论:实验表明,纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵麸皮能产生更强的抗氧化活力,在保健食品方面具有开发潜力。     

纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵液生理功能及活性成分

本文采用益生菌纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus nato)为试验菌株,在最佳培养基及培养条件下进行液态发酵制取微生态制剂,并对该制剂的生理功能及活性成分进行了分析研究,结果表明:纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵液具有抑制沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等致病菌的功能;具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长繁殖及抗氧化的功能;具有溶解纤维蛋白型血栓的功能;该发酵液中维生素B_2的含量是发酵前的24倍,并含有一定量的氨基酸。     

苦荞对发酵豆乳纳豆激酶活力、风味及抗氧化活性影响

相较于纳豆,以纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵获得的发酵豆乳食用更方便,但同样存在纳豆激酶活性低、风味不良等缺点。作者首先研究了苦荞、糙米、薏米、藜麦、燕麦粉对纳豆芽孢杆菌产纳豆激酶能力的影响。结果表明,添加苦荞的效果最好,当添加质量分数为3%时,纳豆芽孢杆菌液体发酵的酶活力由原来的5 803.12 U/mL提高到23 326.23 U/mL;然后研究了苦荞粉对纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆乳的纳豆激酶活力、风味及抗氧化活性的影响。结果显示,当添加的苦荞质量为大豆质量的50%时,发酵豆乳的纳豆激酶活力、挥发性盐基氮质量浓度和总抗氧化能力分别为 4 460.28 U/mL、3.45 mg/dL和16.34 mmol/L,分别为纯大豆发酵所得豆乳的161.42%、79.84%和196.39%。添加苦荞能够明显提高发酵豆乳中纳豆激酶活力,并且改善风味和抗氧化活性。该研究可为开发富含纳豆激酶、食用方便的纳豆食品提供借鉴。     

纳豆芽孢杆菌固体发酵麸皮的抗氧化功能研究

为考察纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵固体麸皮生产绿色保健饲料,实验以纳豆芽孢杆菌为发酵菌株,麸皮为原料,羟自由基清除率为衡量指标,通过单因素和正交实验对发酵条件进行优化,确定了在250 ml锥形瓶中的最佳发酵工艺条件： 麸皮10 g、初始pH7.0、接种量6%、初始含水量60%、温度32℃、发酵时间48 h,在该优化条件下,纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵麸皮的羟自由基清除活性最高。     

纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵米糠上清液的抗氧化功能研究

设计单因素和正交试验,以羟自由基清除率为衡量指标,筛选出纳豆菌发酵米糠的最佳条件:5%的米糠,1%的酵母粉,初始pH7.0,接种量4%,装瓶量25ml,温度为27℃,140r/min培养48h.在此条件下纳豆菌发酵米糠的羟自由基清除活性最高.体外方法测定米糠发酵上清液和米糠水提液清除·OH和O2-·及抑制猪油氧化的能力.结果显示两者均具有抗氧化活性,但前者具有更大的活性,其中米糠发酵上清液对·OH和O2-·清除率IC50分别为3.55mg/ml和23.5mg/ml,比米糠水提液分别增加0.3、10倍;在抑制猪油氧化实验中,发酵米糠上清液的活力略强于米糠水提液,效果于VE相近.实验证明纳豆菌发酵米糠能产生更强的抗氧化活力,在保健食品方面有开发潜力.     

纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆渣上清液的抗氧化功能研究

目的:为深度开发豆渣副食资源,考察了纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆渣的条件。方法:采用单因素和正交实验,以羟自由基清除率为衡量指标,对纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆渣的条件进行了优化。结果:以5%的豆渣为碳源,初始pH7.0、接种量4%、装瓶量25mL/250mL、温度为32℃、200r/min、发酵24h,纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆渣的抗氧化活力最高。结论:实验表明纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵豆渣能产生较强的抗氧化活力,在保健食品和绿色饲料方面具有开发潜力。     

高产纳豆激酶地衣芽孢杆菌工程菌全合成培养基优化

以产纳豆激酶的地衣芽孢杆菌基因工程菌BL10（pP43SNT-SsacC）为出发菌株,开展其全合成培养基的发酵优化研究。通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了全合成培养基成分,获得了最优的培养基组成（g/L）：葡萄糖30、NaNO3 30、谷氨酸钠20、柠檬酸钠15、MgSO4·7H2O 0.5、K2HPO4·3H2O 1.5、CaCl2 0.5,pH 7.2。在优化的全合成培养基中,纳豆激酶最高酶活力达到25.59 FU/mL,相比于初始培养基发酵活性（4.27 FU/mL）,提高了5 倍。对比分析了全合成培养基和半合成培养基的发酵产物,结果表明,全合成培养基可显著提高纳豆激酶的纯度,与半合成培养基相比,纳豆激酶比活力提高了2 倍。本研究获得了纳豆激酶的全合成培养基成分,显著提高了纳豆激酶发酵活性,并进一步提高了纳豆激酶发酵纯度。     

溶栓纳豆芽孢杆菌的筛选鉴定及产纳豆激酶条件的研究

利用目标纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Natto)所应具有的耐热性、耐盐性、显著的蛋白酶活性及生物素缺陷等生物学特性,设计了定向选育方案,从日本传统食品纳豆中筛选出具有较高纤溶活性的8株枯草芽孢杆菌,命名为 NK-1～NK-8；根据菌落形态、生理生化特征,鉴定为纳豆芽孢杆菌。NK-4菌株经过发酵培养,液体培养指数生长期为4～12h,最佳产酶条件是 pH7．0,培养温度34℃,装液量100mL/500mL。     

纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌对老陈醋中阿魏酸的影响

以纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌为研究对象,用于以玉米为原料的老陈醋发酵.结果表明,糖化酒精发酵第3天接种5.0％的纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌种子液,醋酸发酵结束时的醋汁中阿魏酸含量高达59.36 mg/L.纳豆枯草芽孢杆菌分别接种于玉米、麸皮和谷糠浆液,阿魏酸含量随着发酵时间的延长均先显著增大而后缓慢减小,均在24 h时达到最大值,分别为3...     

一株纳豆芽孢杆菌的产酶条件优化

从一株实验室保藏的产纳豆激酶细菌出发,先对其液体发酵产酶的培养基和培养条件进行优化,在此优化基础上,利用Plackett-Burman试验筛选出影响纳豆芽孢杆菌产酶的3个主要因素:胰蛋白胨添加量、MgSO4添加量、发酵温度,利用Box-Behnken进行响应面试验设计,优化得到最优发酵条件。发酵培养基条件(g/L):胰蛋白胨26.6、乳糖10.0、Na2HPO45.0、NaH2PO41.0、CaCl20.2、MgSO41.35;发酵条件:种龄12h、接种量2%、发酵温度33℃、发酵时间56h、装液量50mL/250mL。此发酵条件下发酵液的纳豆激酶酶活力为743.65U/mL,比优化前提高了232.33U/mL。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the