一效蒸发器主要制作工艺

介绍了一效蒸发器的主要制作工艺,将设备的整体热处理改为局部热处理和胀紧率的确定,为强度胀接大口径管子积累了经验。     

碳化塔水箱接管制作质量问题及解决措施

碳化塔制作过程中容易出现水箱接管纵焊缝棱角超标、筒体与水箱接管焊接接头处产生裂纹、水箱铝管胀接不牢固等问题。通过对其产生的质量问题进行分析,提出用模具调整纵焊缝棱角、重开坡口并规定焊接顺序防止焊接裂纹、改变制作工艺解决铝管胀接不牢固等措施,在生产中取得了满意的效果。     

焊接式转化器在我厂制作和使用情况

1 前言转化器是在电石法生产聚氯乙烯过程中,氯乙烯单体合成的关键设备。它使用情况的好坏,直接影响到聚氯乙烯的稳定生产。目前,我国在转化器的设计制作中,对换热管与管板的密封形式主要采用胀接、焊接和焊接加胀接等三种形式。第一种形式由于制作维     

双管板换热器厚管板强度胀接工艺探讨

对双管板换热器制造过程中,厚管板的胀接采用机械胀接和液压胀接2种方法进行了分析比较。工艺试验表明：2种胀接方法都能够获得合格的胀接接头;与机械胀接相比,液压胀接具有工作效率高、胀接质量好和生产成本低等优点。     

氯乙烯合成转化器在生产实践中应用的研究

阐述了氯乙烯合成转化器换热管和管板强度密封胀接、强度焊及焊胀结合3种连接形式下的加工制作过程。在生产实践的基础上,分析了换热管和管板连接的可靠性,结果表明焊胀结合的连接方式是最佳选择。     

热交换器管板的强度胀接综述

通过对热交换器管板胀接基础试验、模拟产品胀接试验及产品的胀接,提供了产品胀接方法与控制措施,为胀接工艺编制提供技术支持。     

换热管与管板的机械胀接工艺

文章介绍了换热管与管板的胀接,其中机械胀接由于优点多,操作简单,因此应用广泛。为了检查胀管的质量、管材的胀接性能,确定最佳的胀度,检验胀接部位的外观质量及接头的密封性能,测试胀接接头的抗拉脱力,在正式胀接前应进行试胀,通过试胀,检验合格,选定最佳胀度,待正式胀接时采用。     

镍基合金换热管与镍基合金管板液压胀接试验研究

针对厚壁镍基合金换热管与镍基合金管板,使用250~400MPa不同的压力开展液压胀接试验,获得了不同胀接压力时管子壁厚减薄率和胀接拉脱强度数据,分析了较低胀接压力时胀接接头的间隙密封性能以及较高胀接压力时换热管的耐腐蚀性能,验证了胀接结构的可靠性,为类似结构的设计提供参考。     

换热器管子管板胀接方法及质量控制

介绍了换热器管子管板胀接的多种方法、基本原理并进行比较、分析。提出了在胀接前、胀接中与胀接后各环节有效控制质量的若干要点。     

小口径管换热设备的电爆炸胀接变形能的计算

介绍了利用电阻丝(箔)瞬间爆炸产生的超高压来完成胀接的一种新型爆炸胀接方法。利用图算法从理论上计算了小口径管(小于14mm)的胀接变形能量,并对这种电爆炸胀接技术进行了探讨,给出了胀接变形能的计算公式。     

多元无磷缓蚀阻垢剂的研制及机理初探

以羧乙基硫代丁二酸、酒石酸钠、硫酸锌、聚环氧琥珀酸和丙烯酸-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸共聚物为原料复配得到一种多元无磷缓蚀阻垢剂,通过旋转挂片法、碳酸钙沉积法和分散氧化铁试验对其缓蚀、阻垢和分散性能进行了研究,并对其缓蚀阻垢机理进行了探讨。结果显示,该复合药剂具有良好的缓蚀、阻垢和分散性能,缓蚀率达92.14%,阻垢率达96.31%。SEM表征结果表明,该复合药剂能在碳钢挂片表面形成一层致密均匀的缓蚀膜,具有良好的晶格扭曲作用,能阻止碳酸钙的正常生长和沉积。     

压力容器用双相钢封头试板失效分析

某压力容器封头母材试板在按相应标准做冲击试验时发现冲击功不合格,通过对试板进行拉伸、腐蚀、冲击试样断口、金相、能谱等的检验及验证分析,发现封头成形后进行固溶处理时热电偶选用不当致实际固溶温度偏低,产生了大量的σ相.σ相硬而脆,大大降低了其韧性及耐腐蚀性.在对封头及试板重新固溶处理后,其冲击功符合标准要求.     

新型缓蚀阻垢剂的开发

聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)是新一代可生物降解的绿色阻垢剂.研制了一种以PESA为主要成分的缓蚀阻垢剂.通过旋转挂片法和碳酸钙沉积法对水处理剂复合配方进行了筛选,找到缓蚀阻垢剂最佳配方,并验证得知不同浓缩倍数下该水处理剂的缓蚀阻垢性能都较好.     

Bench-scale evaluation of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis

In bench-scale tests of seawater reverse osmosis desalination it is important to carefully consider osmotic pressure effects and determine the extent of concentration polarization so that sources of flux variation—whether from fouling, compaction, or osmotic pressure changes—can be properly assessed. Rigorous modeling of concentration polarization is difficult because of the complex geometries and flow regimes in RO modules; typically, concentration polarization must be measured. However, concentration polarization measurement usually requires knowledge of membrane permeability, which can vary from coupon to coupon. In this study a method is presented to determine both the membrane permeability and the concentration polarization regime in a single test. The key to the test is to allow the salt concentration to vary over time in a predictable way and extract parameters from a model fitted to the flux data. The usefulness of this technique is highlighted by evaluating results from several seawater experiments. It was found that specific flux decline in the experiments was caused by changes in osmotic pressure and membrane compaction. RO fouling by seawater organic-matter was not significant for the several seawater samples tested.     

关于日用瓷吸水率测试方法的商榷

针对目前日用瓷吸水率的测定方法，论述了引起测试误差的原因并提出了减小方法误差和偶然误差的方法。这种新方法要求制作试块，以石蜡填充开口气孔，借助密度计（精度０．００１ｃｍ３）测试体积密度、表观密度和真密度．用单位面积吸水质量或气孔率（真气孔率）表示陶瓷制品的瓷化程度。     

聚环氧琥珀酸的阻垢缓蚀性能研究

聚环氧琥珀酸（PESA）是一种新型的无磷有机阻垢缓蚀剂。通过鼓泡法和旋转挂片失重法对其阻垢性能和缓蚀性能进行了评价。结果表明,PESA比常用药剂HEDP、HPMA的阻垢性能好,但比PBTCA性能稍差;PESA也有一定的缓蚀性能,可以和其他的药剂复配生成低磷或无磷的缓蚀剂。     

植酸的缓蚀阻垢性能的研究

植酸是从粮食作物中提取的有机磷酸化合物,它是天然的无毒化工产品。通过鼓泡法和旋转腐蚀挂片失重法对其阻垢性能和缓蚀性能进行了评价。结果表明植酸具有一定的缓蚀性能和阻垢性能,其阻垢性能虽比常用的药剂PBTCA、HEDP、HPMA稍差,但可通过同其他的药剂复配生成低磷或无磷的阻垢剂,是较有发展前景的绿色缓蚀阻垢产品。     

尕斯油田注水系统腐蚀原因和影响因素研究

针对尕斯油田注水系统的腐蚀特征,通过电化学测试、腐蚀挂片等方法研究了各因素对N80碳钢腐蚀的影响。研究结果表明,尕斯油田的污水对N80碳钢的腐蚀主要是析氢腐蚀;S2-浓度增加,污水腐蚀性增强;pH＜6时,析氢腐蚀加剧;矿化度增加,以及温度升高都能使腐蚀速率增加。     

Inspection of geometry influence and fiber orientation to characteristic value for short fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite under bending load

For use of short fiber reinforced ceramics the knowledge of the influence of coupon geometry on the failure mode and the determined resistance in bending tests is necessary. In contrast to the continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMC), for short fiber reinforced CMC there are only few studies and no standard on consideration of size effects. In the present work, the influence of coupon geometry and test conditions on the average value and distribution of flexural strength has been investigated. Two short fiber CMCs with different fiber length were examined under four point bending load. Moreover, the relationship between fiber orientation in the loaded area, failure location and measured flexural strength was investigated through high resolution X-ray computer tomography (μCT) and SEM. The presented outputs will be proposed to a future standard for bending test of short fiber reinforced CMC materials with different fiber length.     

Development of a high-efficiency modeling technique for weld-bonded steel joints in vehicle structures,Part II: Dynamic experiments and simulations

By conducting impact tests on three different types of coupon joints, it is observed that the adhesive-bond and the spot-weld in the weld-bonded joints behave and fail with little coupling, but supplement each other, which is very similar to the static test situation. The loading rate sensitivity of all three joint types is clearly demonstrated by comparing the peak loads between static and dynamic coupon tests. Incorporating the strain-rate effect of the base steel sheet into modeling of weld-bonded structures is proved to be necessary by comparison of the peak loads between tests and simulations. More effort is needed to characterize the rate dependence of the failure behavior of the epoxy adhesive.