纯苎麻织物的抗皱整理工艺研究

采用BTCA和丝胶蛋白混合整理液对苎麻织物进行抗皱整理,通过控制变量法讨论丝胶蛋白浓度、BTCA浓度和轧余率对苎麻织物抗皱效果的影响。结果表明,最佳整理工艺参数为丝胶蛋白的浓度10g/L,BTCA的浓度80 g/L,轧余率80%时,整理后的苎麻织物具有优异的抗皱性能,其抗皱回复角提高了236%,织物手感柔软,白度基本无明显变化,而力学性能略有下降。     

纯棉针织物的柠檬酸/β-环糊精包合芳香整理

文中以柠檬酸（CA）作为交联剂,将β-环糊精锚固于棉织物,再对负载环糊精的织物进行包合薄荷精油的芳香整理。分别以锚固量和包合量为指标,分析影响整理效果的各因素,优化整理工艺。结果表明,较优的β-环糊精负载整理工艺条件为：β-环糊精浓度100 g/L、CA浓度80 g/L、次亚磷酸钠浓度30 g/L、焙烘温度190℃、焙烘时间150 s,β-环糊精的锚固量为75.76 mg/g织物;负载β-环糊精的棉织物对薄荷精油的包合整理工艺为：包合温度50℃、包合时间4 h、乙醇与水的体积比为1∶5,薄荷精油在织物上的包合量为2.26 mg/g织物。     

β-环糊精微胶囊对真丝织物的加香整理

以β-环糊精为壁材,薄荷香精为芯材,通过包结络合法制备了球形微胶囊,并通过喷雾法对真丝织物进行加香整理。探讨了微胶囊水溶液质量浓度、烘干处理温度等因素对真丝织物加香效果的影响,测试了加香织物的耐日照、耐干洗性能及留香时间。实验结果表明,微胶囊水溶液质量浓度720～960 g/L,60℃烘干处理工艺较优。利用本工艺加香后织物密封留香时间可达到5～7个月,自然环境下可留香3个月左右,不宜在日照下使用,可耐7次干洗。本方法能够满足欧洲规范EN ISO3175—2中工业应用对芳香织物干洗5次的要求,提高了真丝织物的附加值。     

丝胶对黏胶纤维织物改性的工艺研究

利用丝胶对黏胶纤维进行整理,探讨了丝胶粉质量浓度、焙烘温度及焙烘时间等工艺条件对丝胶改性后黏胶纤维织物透气性能、抗皱性能、白度及毛细效应的影响。实验结果表明:通过改性,织物的抗皱性能、毛细效应得到了提高,透气性能有所下降,白度几乎不变。综合考虑,改性的最佳工艺条件为:丝胶粉质量浓度30 g/L、焙烘温度105℃、焙烘时间8 min、渗透剂2 g/L、质量分数为30%柠檬酸60 g/L和三乙醇胺10 g/L,在此工艺条件下,丝胶对黏胶纤维织物的改性效果最佳。     

丝素整理剂在真丝织物抗皱整理中的应用

以单因素试验得出柠檬酸的最佳用量,再从丝素整理剂的制备人手.研究了丝素水解条件对丝素/柠檬酸复合整理效果的影响;以丝素水解时间、氢氧化钠用量、丝素整理剂用量设计L<,9>(3<'3>)正交试验,分析各因素对真丝织物整理效果的影响.试验结果表明,丝素整理剂与柠檬酸之间有较好的协同效果,用其改善真丝织物抗皱性能切实可行.当柠檬酸浓度取12 g/L,自制丝素整理剂的较优工艺为:丝素水解时间30 min、氢氧化钠浓度3 g/L、丝素整理剂用量40 g/L时,整理真丝织物的效果最好.     

纳米二氧化钛对纯棉织物抗皱整理效果影响的研究

探讨了纳米二氧化钛的加入量对纯棉平纹、斜纹织物抗皱整理效果的影响。研究结果表明,加入纳米二氧化钛之后,不仅可以有效地提高棉织物的抗皱效果,而且可以提高织物的强力;当纳米二氧化钛的浓度为0.1 g/L时,效果最佳。     

纯棉织物的醚化2D树脂成衣免烫整理

为探索醚化2D树脂对纯棉织物抗皱整理的可行性和最佳工艺设置,设计正交试验探究醚化2D树脂、催化剂、保护剂、柔软剂在成衣免烫技术中的应用工艺,确定最佳工艺为醚化2D树脂F-AP质量浓度150 g/L、催化剂FM质量浓度40 g/L、保护剂HDP质量浓度35 g/L、柔软剂NUP质量浓度15 g/L。应用SPSS统计分析软件对4种助剂对棉织物的抗皱整理效果做显著性检验,结果表明:相对另外3种助剂,醚化2D树脂对棉织物的抗皱整理效果影响最为显著。重点分析了醚化2D树脂对整理后织物性能的影响,发现醚化2D树脂质量浓度超过160 g/L时,棉纤维与树脂的反应呈现饱和,使棉织物折皱回复角和断裂强力变化趋缓,过多的树脂残留使纱线间的摩擦力增加,对织物抗撕破起负效果。     

多功能整理剂MFA

将多功能整理剂MFA应用于棉织物的功能性整理,考察了MFA对织物抗皱性和柔软效果的影响.结果表明,多功能整理剂MFA作为无甲醛多功能整理剂用于棉织物整理,对白度和色光无影响,不存在黄变现象;其优化整理工艺为:整理剂MFA质量浓度80～100 g/L,焙烘温度150℃,焙烘时间90 s.MFA可以显著提高棉织物的抗皱和耐磨性能,与服丝平树脂整理剂合用时,能在显著提高抗皱性、滑爽性的同时,有效保护织物的撕破强力,当整理剂MFA质量浓度为50 g/L和服丝平树脂整理剂质量浓度为50 g/L时,整理效果和耐洗性最好.     

亚麻织物BTCA防皱整理及强力保护研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)和三乙胺(TEA)改进1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)无甲醛抗皱整理亚麻织物的机械性能.通过单因素试验研究了部分整理工艺条件对亚麻织物性能(干折皱回复角、断裂强力)的影响,在此基础上,探索添加不同质量浓度PEG(分子质量200～1500)和TEA对织物性能的影响,以期找到抗皱效果和机械性能的平衡.优化工艺条件为:BTCA40g/L,催化剂次亚磷酸钠(SHP)6%,PEG40020g/L,三乙胺20g/L;两浸两轧,80℃预烘2min,150℃焙烘3min.经优化工艺整理织物在取得较好防皱效果的同时,能够较大地提高断裂强力保留率.     

纳米TiO2改善棉织物抗皱整理强力损失

在棉织物抗皱整理工作液中加入纳米二氧化钛，可以提高免烫织物的强力。探讨了纳米二氧化钛用量对纯棉平纹、斜纹织物抗皱整理效果及织物强力的影响。研究表明，纳米二氧化钛的浓度为0．1g/L时，效果最佳。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the